- Before the installation
- Installation
- After installation
- Troubleshooting
- Other installation tutorials
- The public and private GPG keys:
gpg --export --armor > public.key
gpg --export-secret-key --armor > private.key
- Your shared GPG and SSH files.
- Your data.
REMEMBER: if you have some dotfiles or other projects in your PC, make sure that you have pushed your changes.
If you are running a pre-installed system, you can cleaning all the storage (in my case, a SSD NVMe), you can wipe your storage to clean all things inside it. To do it on a SSD NVMe, you can do these things:
Run the following command:
nvme id-ctrl /dev/nvme0 -H |grep "Format \|Crypto Erase\|Sanitize"
You can run the 'nvme sanitize` command to erase all data from the storage. You can see an example of the command here:
nvme sanitize <device> -a <action>
The possible actions that you can use is:
-a <action>
--sanact=<action>
Sanitize Action
000b - Reserved
001b - Exit Failure Mode
010b - Start a Block Erase sanitize operation
011b - Start an Overwrite sanitize operation
100b - Start a Crypto Erase sanitize operation
ATTENTION: When you running the sanitize command, you should replace your
binary value by their decimal part, e.g. 000b = 0, 001b = 1, 010b = 2, etc...
cryptsetup open --type plain -d /dev/urandom /dev/nvme0n1 to_be_wiped
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/to_be_wiped bs=4096 status=progress
The partiotining that follows the concerns the UEFI installation.
First of all, I have differente names for the partitions, but don't be lost for so little:
| Mount point | Partition name | Partition type | Bootable flags | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /boot | /dev/nvme0n1p1 | EFI System | Yes | 1 Gb |
| / | /dev/nvme0n1p2 | Linux LVM | No | Remainder of the device |
Where / will be a LVM-encrypted partition having a group volume containing a
physical volume and rootas a logical volume.
Finally, as mentioned in the introduction, we will format the / volume as Btrfs
and create two sub-volume:
/rootswap/home
In order to know the name of your disk, it is necessary to list the partition tables for the specified device:
fdisk -l
Let's select our disk to build the table:
cfdisk /dev/nvme0n1
Then create a new empty GPTpartition table.
And now, you can setup all the partiions in a "visual" way.
In order to enable disk encryption, we will first create a root LUKS volume, open it and then format it.
In a brief explaination, LUKS is a container format that will be used to encrypt containers, where our encryption key will be stored.
To encrypt our / partition, we will use the cryptsetup tool:
cryptsetup --hash sha512 --use-random --verify-passhphrase luksFormat /dev/nvme0n1p2
Are you sure? YES
Enter passhphrase (twice)
The / partition being encrypted, we will open the LUKS container on /dev/nvme0n1p2
disk and name it cryptlvm:
cryptsetup open /dev/nvme0n1p2 cryptlvm
Enter passhphrase
The decrypted container is now available at /dev/mapper/cryptlvm.
LVM is a logical volume manager for the Linux kernel. It is thank to to it that we can easily resize our partitions if necessary.
$ pvcreate /dev/mapper/cryptlvm
$ vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/cryptlvm
$ lvcreate -l 100%FREE vg -n root
$ mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/nvme0n1p1
$ mkfs.btrfs -L btrfs /dev/mapper/vg-root
Subvolumes are part of the filesystem with its own and independnet file/directory hierarchy, where each subvolume can share file extents.
$ mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt
$ btrfs subvolume create /mnt/root
$ btrfs subvolume create /mnt/home
$ umount /mnt
$ SSD_MOUNTS="autodefrag,compress=lzo,discard,noatime,nodev,rw,space_cache,ssd"
$ mount -o subvol=root,$SSD_MOUNTS /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt
$ mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home}
$ mount -o discard,noatime,nodev,noexec,nosuid,rw /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot
$ mount -o $SSD_MOUNTS,nosuid,subvol=home
Some details about the option on -o flag:
autodefrag: enable automatic file defragmentation for small random writes in files with a maximum file size of 64K;compress=lzo: compresses files with the lzo type which is a lossless data compression algorithm that is focused on decompression speed;discard: enable discarding of freed file blocks using TRIM operation (useful for SSD devices);noatime: allows measurable performance gains by eliminating the need for the system to write to the file system for files that are simply read;nodev: disallows creating and accessing device nodes (used in particular for special files in /dev);noexec: does not allow the execution of executable binaries in the mounted file system;nosuid: specifies that the filesystem cannot contain set userid files;rw: allows reading and writing;space_cache: control the free space cache. This greatly improves performance when reading block group free space into memory;ssd: by default,Btrfswill enable or disable SSD allocation heuristics depending on whether a rotational or non-rotational device is in use.
$ pacman -S reflector
$ reflector --threads 8 --protocol http --protocol https --verbose --sort rate --country Brazil --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
$ pacstrap /mnt base linux-firmware linux-zen lvm2 sudo man-db base-devel linux-tools git hdsentinel fwupd sudo
We will configure the system base in order to have a decent environment.
$ genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
$ arch-chroot /mnt
To create the swap file, we will create a zero length file, set the No_COW attribute
and make sure compression is disabled:
$ truncate -s 0 /swapfile
$ chattr +C /swapfile
$ btrfs property set /swapfile compression none
Is recommended to set the size of swap file being 4-8GB if you don't intend to use hibernation (suspend-to-disk):
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=16384 status=progress && sync
Set the permission for the file (a world-readable swap file is a huge local vulnerability):
$ chmod 600 /swapfile
Format the /swapfile file to swap and activate it:
$ mkswap /swapfile
$ swapon /swapfile
Finally, add an entry for the swap file in the fstab:
$ echo "/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
Install the Network Time Protocol and enable it as daemon:
$ pacman -S ntp
$ systemctl enable ntpd
Create a symlink of the timezone:
$ ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Sao_Paulo /etc/localtime
Generate /etc/adjtime:
$ hwclock --systohc
Install and enable network management daemon:
$ pacman -S networkmanager
$ systemctl enable NetworkManager
So add a hostname to the machine:
$ echo ThinkPad > /etc/hostname
NOTE: Remember that you can replace ThinkPad with whatever you like.
Add matching entries to /etc/hosts:
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 ThinkPad.localdomain ThinkPad
$ passwd
$ useradd -mG storage,wheel -s /bin/bash someone
$ passwd someone
Finally, change the /etc/sudoers file according to the config that you want
to deal with sudo command.
$ nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
You should the HOOKS field with these things:
...
HOOKS=(base systemd autodetect keyboard sd-vconsole modconf block sd-encrypt lvm2 filesystems btrfs)
...
Finally, recreate the initramfs image:
mkinitcpio -p linux-zen
bootctl install
On /boot/loader/loader.confinsert this:
default arch
timeout 10
console-mode max
editor no
Some details about the parameters:
default: default entry to select;timeout: menu timeout in second, useful to allow people who have multiple operating systems;console-mode: changes UEFI console mode;editor: whether to enable the kernel parameters editor or not. Strongly recommended to set this option to no to avoid bypass root password and gain root access.
First install the microcode:
$ pacman -S amd-ucode
After it, insert on /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf this:
title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux
initrd /intel-ucode.img
initrd /initramfs-linux.img
options rd.luks.name=$(blkid /dev/nvme0n1p2 -s UUID -o value)=cryptlvm rd.luks.options=discard root=/dev/mapper/vg-root resume=/dev/mapper/vg-root rootfstype=btrfs resume_offset=$(filefrag -v /swapfile | sed '4q;d' | awk '{print $4}' | cut -d'.' -f1) quiet nowatchdog splash rw
First of all, install xorg:
$ pacman -S xorg-server
Finally, install the xmonad:
$ pacman -S xmonad xmonad-contrib
$ pacman -S lightdm
$ systemctl enable lightdm
$ git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
$ cd yay
$ makepkg -sri
$ cd .. && rm -r yay
pacman -S gnome-keyring seahorse
$ pacman -S alacritty tmux
$ pacman -S fish
pacman -S gimp inkscape
$ pacman -S ntfs-3g
$ pacman -S pulseaudio alsa-utils pavucontrol alsamixer
In order to save the read and write cycles of the SSD and thus extend the lifetime of the SSD, the browser profile can be moved in RAM with profile-sync-daemon:
$ pacman -S profile-sync-daemon
Finally, enable and activate the service:
$ systemctl --user enable psd --now
First enable and start fstrim timer. On Arch-based system you can do it running
this commands:
$ sudo systemctl enable fstrim.timer
$ sudo systemctl start fstrim.timer
After this, if you running with LUKS encryption, you should add some things on
the Arch entry from systemd-boot, inside /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf, add it:
...
options rd.luks.name=<UUID>=cryptlvm ... rd.luks.options=discard
...
Reboot the system. And now, you can check if it's running correctly executing this
command: lsblk --discard. If has no-zero entries on DISC-GRAN and DISC-MAX
columns means TRIM is enabled.
Append on your boot parameters (probably /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf) the following option:
...
options rd.luks.name=<UUID>=cryptlvm ... nowatchdog
...
After it, you can optionally disable the loading of the module responsible of the hardware watchdog, too. Do it blacklisting the related module.
Creating a .conf inside /etc/modprobe.d/ and append a line for the module you
want to blacklist with blacklist keyword. Here an example:
# /etc/modprobe.d/nowatchdog.conf
blacklist iTCO_wdt
If you are using this installation on a Thinkpad T14 Gen 1 with a Brazillian keyboard layout (ABNT2) like me, you should use this rule to turns the keyboard usable. You should run this command:
setxkbmap -model thinkpad60 -layout br -variant anbt2
Or just paste the "text" below on the following path: /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d:
Section "InputClass"
Identifier "system-keyboard"
MatchIsKeyboard "on"
Option "XkbLayout" "br"
Option "XkbModel" "thinkpad60"
Option "XkbVariant" "abnt2"
EndSection
- GitHub: rememberYou/dotfiles
- Manjaro UEFI using systemd-boot, LUKS and btrfs
- Installing Arch Linux with Btrfs, systemd-boot and LUKS
- Arch Linux, with LUKS, btrfs, systemd-homed, systemd-oomd, zram swap, encrypted DNS
- Install Arch Linux with full encrypted btrfs subvolume inside luks
- EduardoRFS's gist: arch-tutorial.md
- Arch Linux with LUKS and (almost) no configuration
- ARCH LINUX - UEFI, SYSTEMD-BOOT, LUKS, AND BTRFS
- Arch Linux install with BTRFS and encrypted root
- ArchWiki: User:M0p/LUKS Root on Btrfs
- Install Arch Linux w/ LVM + LUKS + Systemd-boot
Hey, @Jumaku, how are you?
In case, I assume that this setup is a little outdated, I did some changes on it, but until the last time I use it, it was working.
Wrong mount (bad usage)
For this error, could you share your hardware specs? This
$SSD_MOUNTSworks with my hardware, that is a SSD NMVe, did you have the same hardware? Linux handle these partitions in different way, like/dev/nvme0n1, or/dev/sda, etc.Could you confirm how you're targeting these devices?
Handling swapfile on
btrfsFor this error, it seems that your swapfile hasn't been correctly created. I found a thread on Arch Linux forum that can helps you, see here.
Handling kernel version on
mkinitcpioYes, you're right! It has a typo on my tutorial, I'll fix it, thanks. You run the
mkinitcpiobased on the installed kernel, in case, for this tutorial:linux-zen.