Molehill Example: Spinning Cube

Cube.as

/**
 * Spinning cube in Molehill.
 * http://ltslashgt.com/2011/02/28/molehill-spinning-cube/
 */
package {
  import com.adobe.utils.AGALMiniAssembler;
  import flash.display.Sprite;
  import flash.display.Stage3D;
  import flash.display.StageAlign;
  import flash.display.StageScaleMode;
  import flash.display3D.Context3D;
  import flash.display3D.Context3DCompareMode;
  import flash.display3D.Context3DProgramType;
  import flash.display3D.Context3DRenderMode;
  import flash.display3D.Context3DTriangleFace;
  import flash.display3D.Context3DVertexBufferFormat;
  import flash.display3D.IndexBuffer3D;
  import flash.display3D.Program3D;
  import flash.display3D.VertexBuffer3D;
  import flash.events.Event;
  import flash.geom.Matrix3D;
  import flash.geom.Rectangle;
  import flash.geom.Vector3D;
  import flash.utils.getTimer;
  
  public class Cube extends Sprite {
    protected var _width:Number;
    protected var _height:Number;
    
    protected var _stage:Stage3D;
    protected var _context:Context3D;
    protected var _indexBuffer:IndexBuffer3D;
    protected var _vertexBuffer:VertexBuffer3D;
    protected var _program:Program3D;
    
    protected var _modelView:Matrix3D;
    protected var _modelViewProjection:Matrix3D;
    protected var _projection:Matrix3D;
    
    protected var _time:Number = 0;
    protected var _deltaTime:Number = 0;
    protected var _tweenTime:Number = 0;
    protected var _tweenPitch:Number = 0;
    protected var _tweenYaw:Number = 0;
    protected var _pitch:Number = 0;
    protected var _yaw:Number = 0;
    
    // Vertexes for the cube. Format is (x, y, z, r, g, b), counter-clockwise
    // winding, with normal OpenGL axes (-x/+x = left/right, -y/+y = bottom/top,
    // -z/+z = far/near). This is also a bit overkill on vertexes, but the
    // extras are needed to make each side a solid color.
    protected var _cubeVertexes:Vector.<Number> = Vector.<Number>([
      // near face
      -1.0, -1.0,  1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
      -1.0,  1.0,  1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
       1.0,  1.0,  1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
       1.0, -1.0,  1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
      
      // left face
      -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
      -1.0,  1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
      -1.0,  1.0,  1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
      -1.0, -1.0,  1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,

      // far face
       1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
       1.0,  1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
      -1.0,  1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
      -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
      
      // right face
       1.0, -1.0,  1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0,
       1.0,  1.0,  1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0,
       1.0,  1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0,
       1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0,
      
      // top face
      -1.0,  1.0,  1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0,
      -1.0,  1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0,
       1.0,  1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0,
       1.0,  1.0,  1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0,
      
      // bottom face
      -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0,
      -1.0, -1.0,  1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0,
       1.0, -1.0,  1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0,
       1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0,
    ]);
    
    // Indexes into the vertex buffer above for each of the cube's triangles.
    protected var _cubeIndexes:Vector.<uint> = Vector.<uint>([
      0, 1, 2,
      0, 2, 3,
      4, 5, 6,
      4, 6, 7,
      8, 9, 10,
      8, 10, 11,
      12, 13, 14,
      12, 14, 15,
      16, 17, 18,
      16, 18, 19,
      20, 21, 22,
      20, 22, 23
    ]);
    
    protected var _vertexShader:String = [
      "m44 op, va0, vc0",  // multiply vertex by modelViewProjection
      "mov v0, va1"        // copy the vertex color
    ].join("\n");
    
    protected var _fragmentShader:String = [
      "mov oc, v0"  // output the fragment color
    ].join("\n");
    
    function Cube() {
      addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, onAddedToStage);
    }
    
    protected function onAddedToStage(event:Event):void {
      stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;
      stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;
      
      _width = stage.stageWidth;
      _height = stage.stageHeight;
      
      _stage = stage.stage3Ds[0];
      _stage.addEventListener(Event.CONTEXT3D_CREATE, onContext);
      _stage.requestContext3D(Context3DRenderMode.AUTO);
      _stage.viewPort = new Rectangle(0, 0, _width, _height);
    }
    
    // Called once the context we requested has been created.
    protected function onContext(event:Event):void {
      _context = _stage.context3D;
      _context.configureBackBuffer(_width, _height, 2, true);
      _context.enableErrorChecking = true;
      
      // Discard triangles pointing away from the camera, and ones
      // behind things that we've already drawn.
      _context.setCulling(Context3DTriangleFace.BACK);
      _context.setDepthTest(true, Context3DCompareMode.LESS_EQUAL);
      
      // Setup our initial matrices.
      _modelView = new Matrix3D;
      _modelViewProjection = new Matrix3D;
      _projection = perspectiveProjection(60, _width / _height, 0.1, 2048);
      
      // Create a program from the two shaders.
      var vsAssembler:AGALMiniAssembler = new AGALMiniAssembler;
      vsAssembler.assemble(Context3DProgramType.VERTEX, _vertexShader);
      var fsAssembler:AGALMiniAssembler = new AGALMiniAssembler;
      fsAssembler.assemble(Context3DProgramType.FRAGMENT, _fragmentShader);
      _program = _context.createProgram();
      _program.upload(vsAssembler.agalcode, fsAssembler.agalcode);
      _context.setProgram(_program);
      
      // Upload all the vertex data and create two streams. Position data
      // will be available to the vertex program as `va0`, color data as `va1`.
      _vertexBuffer = _context.createVertexBuffer(_cubeVertexes.length / 6, 6);
      _vertexBuffer.uploadFromVector(_cubeVertexes, 0, _cubeVertexes.length / 6);
      _context.setVertexBufferAt(0, _vertexBuffer, 0, Context3DVertexBufferFormat.FLOAT_3);
      _context.setVertexBufferAt(1, _vertexBuffer, 3, Context3DVertexBufferFormat.FLOAT_3);
      
      // Upload the index data. This is used by drawTriangles (below).
      _indexBuffer = _context.createIndexBuffer(_cubeIndexes.length);
      _indexBuffer.uploadFromVector(_cubeIndexes, 0, _cubeIndexes.length);
      
      _time = getTimer() / 1000.0;
      _tweenTime = _time + 1;
      addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame);
    }
    
    protected function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void {
      _context.clear(0, 0, 0);
      
      var newTime:Number = getTimer() / 1000.0;
      _deltaTime = Math.min(newTime - _time, 0.1);
      _time = newTime;
      
      updateRotation();
      
      // Update the modelView matrix given the current rotation
      _modelView.identity();
      _modelView.appendRotation(_tweenPitch, Vector3D.X_AXIS);
      _modelView.appendRotation(_tweenYaw, Vector3D.Y_AXIS);
      _modelView.appendTranslation(0, 0, -4);

      // Concatenate the modelView and projection matrices and set it as
      // a vertex program constant. It will be available as `vc0`.
      _modelViewProjection.identity();
      _modelViewProjection.append(_modelView);
      _modelViewProjection.append(_projection);
      _context.setProgramConstantsFromMatrix(
        Context3DProgramType.VERTEX, 0, _modelViewProjection, true);

      // Tell the GPU to draw all the triangles in indexBuffer. You can also
      // specify an offset and limit within the index buffer, if desired.
      _context.drawTriangles(_indexBuffer);
      
      _context.present();
    }
    
    protected function perspectiveProjection(fov:Number=90,
      aspect:Number=1, near:Number=1, far:Number=2048):Matrix3D {
      var y2:Number = near * Math.tan(fov * Math.PI / 360);
      var y1:Number = -y2;
      var x1:Number = y1 * aspect;
      var x2:Number = y2 * aspect;
      
      var a:Number = 2 * near / (x2 - x1);
      var b:Number = 2 * near / (y2 - y1);
      var c:Number = (x2 + x1) / (x2 - x1);
      var d:Number = (y2 + y1) / (y2 - y1);
      var q:Number = -(far + near) / (far - near);
      var qn:Number = -2 * (far * near) / (far - near);
      
      return new Matrix3D(Vector.<Number>([
        a, 0, 0, 0,
        0, b, 0, 0,
        c, d, q, -1,
        0, 0, qn, 0
      ]));
    }
    
    protected function updateRotation():void {
      while (_tweenTime < _time) {
        _tweenTime += 1;
        _pitch = (_pitch + 60) % 360;
        _yaw = (_yaw + 40) % 360;
      }
      
      var factor:Number = _tweenTime - _time;
      if (factor < 0.0) factor = 0.0;
      else if (factor > 1.0) factor = 1.0;
      factor = 1.0 - Math.pow(factor, 4);
      
      _tweenPitch = _pitch + (60 * factor);
      _tweenYaw = _yaw + (40 * factor);
    }
  }
}