Metaphor Bibliography

metaphor.bib

@article{Deignan2005,
abstract = {With the benefit of hindsight, it is now possible to see that one of the most important themes in the study of language to emerge in the 20 th century was developed, not by linguists, but primarily by philosophers of language such as Wittgenstein and Grice and anthropologists such as Malinowski and Rosch. This theme involves, among other things, rejection of sharply defined category boundaries and adoption instead of systems of categories built by analogy around prototypes. Central and typical examples of linguistic categories are usually easy to identify, but boundaries between categories are fuzzy grey areas on a cline, rather than sharp divisions. Metaphor is the most prototypical example of linguistic analogy, so a corpus-based study of metaphor will be a theme of central interest. In the linguistic paradigm shift just mentioned, Aristotelian-Leibnizian theories of meaning requiring the satisfaction of necessary and sufficient conditions were rejected. Instead, meaning in natural language is seen as an analogical system—or rather, as a puzzling mixture of logic and analogy. Seminal moments in this theoretical development have included:  Wittgenstein's (1953) observation that the meaning of a lexical item or concept such as 'game' must be analysed in terms of a chain of features (" family resemblances "), which are not be present in all cases, rather than in terms of a single unifying condition (which in many cases does not exist at all) .  Grice's (1957) observation that linguistic communication depends on conversational cooperation, which in turn depends on recognition by the participants on each other's intention to communicate and their reliance for this purpose on some set of shared conventions, and his further observation (1957, 1975) that languages users not only speak and write in accordance with conventions but also, paradoxically, exploit them.  Rosch's (1973) observation that concepts are built around prototypes and 'best examples' of categories, rather than by the definition of boundaries.},
author = {Deignan, Alice},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Unknown - Unknown - Nine issues in metaphor theory and analysis.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics},
keywords = {metaphor},
mendeley-tags = {metaphor},
title = {{Nine issues in metaphor theory and analysis}},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Lacey,
abstract = {Conceptual metaphor theory suggests that knowledge is structured around metaphorical mappings derived from physical experience. Segregated processing of object properties in sensory cortex allows testing of the hypothesis that metaphor processing recruits activity in domain-specific sensory cortex. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we show that texture-selective somatosensory cortex in the parietal operculum is activated when processing sentences containing textural metaphors, compared to literal sentences matched for meaning. This finding supports the idea that comprehension of metaphors is perceptually grounded.},
author = {Lacey, Simon and Stilla, Randall and Sathian, K},
doi = {10.1016/j.bandl.2011.12.016},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lacey, Stilla, Sathian - Unknown - METAPHORICALLY FEELING COMPREHENDING TEXTURAL METAPHORS ACTIVATES SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {fMRI,grounded cognition,metaphor,mri,neuro,parietal operculum,tactile},
mendeley-tags = {metaphor,mri,neuro},
title = {{METAPHORICALLY FEELING: COMPREHENDING TEXTURAL METAPHORS ACTIVATES SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX}}
}
@article{Henney,
author = {Henney, Kevlin and Longshaw, Andy},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Henney, Longshaw - Unknown - Focus Group Metaphor in Software Development.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {metaphor,metaphor-of-software},
mendeley-tags = {metaphor,metaphor-of-software},
title = {{Focus Group: Metaphor in Software Development}}
}
@article{Schnall2012,
abstract = {Considerable empirical evidence supports the existence of numerous conceptual metaphors, and suggests that much of cognitive structure is represented as a function of embodied experiences. However, it is not clear to what extent " all metaphors are created equal " , or whether some metaphors enjoy a more privileged status than others. In this chapter, two main features of embodied experience are identified that are likely to provide the basis for a range of fundamental metaphors. First, the body is a container with a clear boundary that keeps it separate from other objects and people. Second, the body is situated in space and moves in it while maintaining varying distances to objects and people. From these basic properties of the body the following image schemas and associated metaphors are derived: First, verticality provides a sources domain to distinguish between good and bad on the most fundamental level. Second, the notion that the body is a container shapes the understanding of many emotional and social processes. Third, spatial distance facilitates an understanding of immediate and close, versus distant and remote concerns. Spatial distance relates to objects external to the body that are either kept close, incorporated or instead, are rejected, expelled and condemned. This has relevance for other people, because physical closeness further implies physical warmth, which in itself stands for social connection. Evidence is reviewed to suggest that these are likely candidates for basic metaphors that are universal across different cultures.},
author = {Schnall, Simone and Landau, M and Robinson, M D and Meier, B P},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schnall et al. - 2012 - Are There Basic Metaphors.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {metaphor},
mendeley-tags = {metaphor},
title = {{Are There Basic Metaphors?}},
year = {2012}
}
@article{DeGrauwe,
abstract = {We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the time-course of processing metaphorical and literal sentences in the brain. ERPs were measured to sentence-final (Experiment 1) and mid-sentence (Experiment 2) critical words (CWs) as participants read and made plausibility judgments about familiar nominal metaphors (" A is a B ") as well as literal and semantically anomalous sentences of the same form. Unlike the anomalous words, which evoked a robust N400 effect (on the CW in experiments 1 and 2 as well as on the sentence-final word in experiment 2), CWs in the metaphorical, relative to the literal, sentences only evoked an early, localized N400 effect that was over by 400 ms after CW onset, suggesting that, by this time, their metaphorical meaning had been accessed. CWs in the metaphorical sentences also evoked a significantly larger LPC (Late Positive Component) than in the literal sentences. We suggest that this LPC reflected additional analysis that resolved a conflict between the implausibility of the literal sentence interpretation and the match between the metaphorical meaning of the CW, the context and stored information within semantic memory, resulting from early access to both literal and figurative meanings of the CWs.},
author = {{De Grauwe}, Sophie and Swain, Abigail and Holcomb, Phillip J and Ditman, Tali and Kuperberg, Gina R},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.017},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/De Grauwe et al. - Unknown - Electrophysiological insights into the processing of nominal metaphors.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {ERP,LPC,N400,P600,language,metaphor,neuro,semantic},
mendeley-tags = {metaphor,neuro},
title = {{Electrophysiological insights into the processing of nominal metaphors}}
}
@article{Schmidt-Snoek2015,
abstract = {While many links have been established between sensory-motor words used literally (kick the ball) and sensory-motor regions of the brain, it is less clear whether metaphorically used words (kick the habit) also show such signs of "embodiment." Additionally, not much is known about the timing or nature of the connection between language and sensory-motor neural processing. We used stimuli divided into three figurativeness conditions-literal, metaphor, and anomalous-and two modality conditions-auditory (Her limousine was a privileged snort) and motion (The editorial was a brass-knuckle punch). The conditions were matched on a large number of potentially confounding factors including cloze probability. The electroencephalographic response to the final word of each sentence was measured at 64 electrode sites on the scalp of 22 participants and event-related potentials (ERPs) calculated. Analysis revealed greater amplitudes for metaphorical than literal sentences in both 350-500 ms and 500-650 ms timeframes. Results supported the possibility of different neural substrates for motion and auditory sentences. Greater differences for motion sentences were seen in the left posterior and left central electrode sites than elsewhere on the scalp. These findings are consistent with a sensory-motor neural categorization of language and with the integration of modal and amodal information during the N400 and P600 timeframes.},
author = {Schmidt-Snoek, Gwenda L and Drew, Ashley R and Barile, Elizabeth C and Agauas, Stephen J},
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2015.00126},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schmidt-Snoek et al. - 2015 - Auditory and motion metaphors have different scalp distributions an ERP study.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0378-2166},
issn = {1662-5161},
journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
keywords = {Auditory,Embodied language,Familiarity,Imageability,Metaphor,Motion,N400,P600,metaphor,mri},
mendeley-tags = {metaphor,mri},
number = {MAR},
pages = {126},
pmid = {25821433},
title = {{Auditory and motion metaphors have different scalp distributions: an ERP study.}},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84933671270\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
volume = {9},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Eviatar2006,
abstract = {Higher levels of discourse processing evoke patterns of cognition and brain activation that extend beyond the literal comprehension of sentences. We used fMRI to examine brain activation patterns while 16 healthy participants read brief three-sentence stories that concluded with either a literal, metaphoric, or ironic sentence. The fMRI images acquired during the reading of the critical sentence revealed a selective response of the brain to the two types of nonliteral utterances. Metaphoric utterances resulted in significantly higher levels of activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus and in bilateral inferior temporal cortex than the literal and ironic utterances. Ironic statements resulted in significantly higher activation levels than literal statements in the right superior and middle temporal gyri, with metaphoric statements resulting in intermediate levels in these regions. The findings show differential hemispheric sensitivity to these aspects of figurative language, and are relevant to models of the functional cortical architecture of language processing in connected discourse.},
author = {Eviatar, Zohar and Just, Marcel Adam},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.05.007},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Eviatar, Just - 2006 - Brain correlates of discourse processing An fMRI investigation of irony and conventional metaphor comprehension.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Neuropsychologia},
keywords = {Figurative language,Irony,Metaphor,Pragmatics,fMRI,metaphor,mri,neuro},
mendeley-tags = {metaphor,mri,neuro},
pages = {2348--2359},
title = {{Brain correlates of discourse processing: An fMRI investigation of irony and conventional metaphor comprehension}},
volume = {44},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Mahieu,
abstract = {The present research focuses on the verticality metaphor that distin-guishes happy and sad emotional concepts in mental representation, and its influence on the recognition of facial expressions for these emotions. Study 1 showed that people represent happiness and sadness concepts higher and lower in space, respectively. Study 2 extended these findings to the spatial representation of facial expressions of emotions. Given the prominence of this conceptual mapping, a congruent spatial posi-tioning was predicted to facilitate the recognition of mild facial expressions of happiness and sadness. As predicted, Study 3 found reduced recognition times for spatially congruent presenta-R\'{e}sum\'{e}},
author = {Mahieu, Timoth\'{e}e and Corneille, Olivier and Yzerbyt, Vincent Y},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mahieu, Corneille, Yzerbyt - Unknown - the influence of a verticality metaphor in the processing of happy and sad faces.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {behavioural,metaphor},
mendeley-tags = {behavioural,metaphor},
title = {the influence of a verticality metaphor in the processing of happy and sad faces}
}
@article{Tendahl2008,
abstract = {Contemporary theories of metaphor differ in many dimensions, including the discipline they originatenfrom (e.g., linguistics, psychology, philosophy), and whether they are developed primarily within ancognitive or pragmatic theoretical framework. This article evaluates two directions of metaphor researchnwithin linguistics, cognitive linguistics and relevance theory, which both aim to capture essential aspects ofnthe reason for metaphor, and how people ordinarily use and understand metaphor in daily life. We argue,ncontrary to most received opinion, that cognitive linguistics and relevance theory provide complementarynperspectives on metaphor. Both theories offer important insights into the role of metaphor in cognition andnlanguage use, and suggest detailed hypotheses on metaphor understanding that surely are part of ancomprehensive theory of metaphor.},
author = {Tendahl, Markus and {Gibbs Jr.}, Raymond W.},
doi = {10.1016/j.pragma.2008.02.001},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tendahl, Gibbs - Unknown - Complementary perspectives on metaphor Cognitive linguistics and relevance theory.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0378-2166, 0378-2166},
issn = {03782166},
journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
keywords = {cognitive linguistics,metaphor,psycholinguistics,relevance theory},
mendeley-tags = {metaphor},
pages = {1823--1863},
pmid = {255999293},
title = {{Complementary perspectives on metaphor: Cognitive linguistics and relevance theory}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VCW-4S9R4MW-1/1/063859aa13c31397dd88e234134c0f66},
volume = {40},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Lynott2014,
abstract = {We report the results of three high-powered, independent replications of Study 2 from Williams and Bargh (2008). Participants evaluated hot or cold instant therapeutic packs before choosing a reward for participation that was framed as a prosocial (i.e., treat for a friend) or self-interested reward (i.e., treat for the self). Williams and Bargh predicted that evaluating the hot pack would lead to a higher probability of making a prosocial choice compared to evaluating the cold pack. We did not replicate the effect in any individual laboratory or when considering the results of the three replications together (total N = 861). We conclude that there is no evidence that brief exposure to warm therapeutic packs induces greater prosocial responding than exposure to cold therapeutic packs.},
author = {Lynott, Dermot and Corker, Katherine S and Wortman, Jessica and Connell, Louise and Donnellan, M Brent and Lucas, Richard E and O'Brien, Kerry},
doi = {10.1027/1864-9335/a000187},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lynott et al. - 2012 - Replication of ''Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth'' by Williams and Bargh (2008).pdf:pdf},
issn = {21512590},
journal = {Social Psychology},
keywords = {Embodied cognition,Replication,Social cognition,Temperature,behavioural,metaphor},
mendeley-tags = {behavioural,metaphor},
number = {3},
pages = {216--222},
publisher = {Williams},
title = {{Replication of "experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth" by Williams and Bargh (2008)}},
volume = {45},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Gockel2014,
abstract = {Temperature-related words such as cold-blooded and hot-headed can be used to describe criminal behavior. Words associated with coldness describe premeditated behavior and words associated with heat describe impulsive behavior. Building on recent research about the close interplay between physical and interpersonal coldness and warmth, we examined in a lab experiment how ambient temperature within a comfort zone influences judgments of criminals. Participants in rooms with low temperature regarded criminals to be more cold-blooded than participants in rooms with high temperature. Specifically, they were more likely to attribute premeditated crimes, ascribed crimes resulting in higher degrees of penalty, and attributed more murders to criminals. Likewise, participants in rooms with high temperature regarded criminals to be more hot-headed than participants in rooms with low temperature: They were more likely to attribute impulsive crimes. Results imply that cognitive representations of temperature are closely related to representations of criminal behavior and attributions of intent.},
author = {Gockel, Christine and Kolb, Peter M and Werth, Lioba},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0096231},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gockel et al. - 2014 - Murder or Not Cold Temperature Makes Criminals Appear to Be Cold-Blooded and Warm Temperature to Be Hot-Headed.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1932-6203},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PloS one},
keywords = {Adult,Cold Temperature,Criminals,Criminals: psychology,Emotions,Female,Homicide,Homicide: psychology,Hot Temperature,Humans,Judgment,Male,Social Perception,Young Adult,behavioural,metaphor},
mendeley-tags = {behavioural,metaphor},
number = {4},
pages = {e96231},
pmid = {24788725},
title = {{Murder or not? Cold temperature makes criminals appear to be cold-blooded and warm temperature to be hot-headed.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4005741\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {9},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Williams2008,
abstract = {" Warmth " is the most powerful personality trait in social judgment, and attachment theorists have stressed the importance of warm physical contact with caregivers during infancy for healthy relationships in adulthood. Intriguingly, recent research in humans points to the involvement of the insula in the processing of both physical temperature and interpersonal warmth (trust) information. Accordingly, we hypothesized that experiences of physical warmth (or coldness) would increase feelings of interpersonal warmth (or coldness), without the person's awareness of this influence. In study 1, participants who briefly held a cup of hot (versus iced) coffee judged a target person as having a " warmer " personality (generous, caring); in study 2, participants holding a hot (versus cold) therapeutic pad were more likely to choose a gift for a friend instead of for themselves. Ever since Solomon Asch's(1) original demonstration of the transformational power of " warm " and " cold " as personality traits in first impressions of individuals, the concept of psychological warmth has been prominently featured in research on social perception and interpersonal liking (2-4). The warm-cold dimension has emerged as one of two main components of the first impressions (along with competence) we quickly form of other people (2,5); together they account for a large proportion (82\%) of the variance in people's evaluations of social behaviors (6). Notably, the warmth and competence dimensions have been found to be the principal ones underlying every group stereotype studied across dozens of countries (2,5). Of these two fundamental dimensions, warmth is primary, as " people are more sensitive to warmth information than to competence information " (5, p. 79) and make trustworthiness judgments of faces faster than for other traits, including competence (7).},
author = {Williams, LE and Bargh, JA},
doi = {10.1126/science.1162548.Experiencing},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Williams, Bargh - Unknown - Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {bnehavioural,metaphor},
mendeley-tags = {bnehavioural,metaphor},
number = {5901},
pages = {606--607},
title = {{Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/322/5901/606.short},
volume = {322},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Weintrop,
abstract = {Blocks-based programming environments are becoming increasingly common in introductory programming courses, but to date, little comparative work has been done to understand if and how this approach affects students' emerging understanding of fundamental programming concepts. In an effort to understand how tools like Scratch and Blockly differ from more conventional text-based introductory programming languages with respect to conceptual understanding, we developed a set of " commutative " assessments. Each multiple-choice question on the assessment includes a short program that can be displayed in either a blocks-based or text-based form. The set of potential answers for each question includes the correct answer along with choices informed by prior research on novice programming misconceptions. In this paper we introduce the Commutative Assessment, discuss the theoretical and practical motivations for the assessment, and present findings from a study that used the assessment. The study had 90 high school students take the assessment at three points over the course of the first ten weeks of an introduction to programming course, alternating the modality (blocks vs. text) for each question over the course of the three administrations of the assessment. Our analysis reveals differences on performance between blocks-based and text-based questions as well as differences in the frequency of misconceptions based on the modality. Future work, potential implications, and limitations of these findings are also discussed.},
author = {Weintrop, David and Wilensky, Uri},
doi = {10.1145/2787622.2787721},
file = {:Users/nat/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weintrop, Wilensky - Unknown - Using Commutative Assessments to Compare Conceptual Understanding in Blocks-based and Text-based Programs.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Assessment,Blocks-based Programming,Design,High School Computer Science Education,Human Factors,metaphor,metaphor-of-software,programming-language-design,psychology-of-programming},
mendeley-tags = {metaphor,metaphor-of-software,programming-language-design,psychology-of-programming},
title = {{Using Commutative Assessments to Compare Conceptual Understanding in Blocks-based and Text-based Programs}}
}