C#でリモートサーバー上のExeを起動し、戻り値を取得する ref: http://qiita.com/ntk1000@github/items/9569fd0543eebadb53c5

file0.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Management.Automation;
using System.Management.Automation.Runspaces;
using System.Security;
using System.Configuration;
using System.IO;

/// <summary>
/// PowerShell経由でリモートの.exeを起動し、戻り値を取得する
/// </summary>
public class RPSSample
{
    /// <summary>
    /// RemotePS実行
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="targetdir"></param>
    public void Invoke(string targetdir)
    {
        var useSSL = false;
        var serverName = "ServerName";
        var port = 5985; // port no PowerShell remoting uses. 5985 on noSSL, 5986 on SSL 
        var appName = "/wsman"; // 呪文
        var shellUri = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell/Microsoft.PowerShell"; // 呪文
        // PasswordをSecureStringに変換する
        var remoteCredential = new PSCredential("UserName",
            "Password".Aggregate(new SecureString(), (s, c) =>
            {
                s.AppendChar(c);
                return s;
            }));

        var connInfo = new WSManConnectionInfo(useSSL, serverName, port, appName, shellUri, remoteCredential);

        int exitcode;
        using (var rs = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(connInfo))
        {
            try
            {
                rs.Open();

                var command = @"$p = Start-Process 実行したいExe.exe -ArgumentList '引数', 'ON' -PassThru -Wait";
                var pipe1 = rs.CreatePipeline(command);
                var result1 = pipe1.Invoke();

                var pipe2 = rs.CreatePipeline(@"$p.ExitCode");
                var result2 = pipe2.Invoke();
                exitcode = int.Parse(result2.First().BaseObject.ToString());

                var pipe3 = rs.CreatePipeline(@"$p.Close()");
                var result3 = pipe3.Invoke();
            }
            catch
            {
                throw;　//例外処理
            }
        }
    }
}