tools.php

<?php

use League\Uri\Idna\Converter as IdnConverter;
use League\Uri\IPv4\Converter as Ipv4Converter;

echo IdnConverter::toAscii('bébé.be')->domain(), PHP_EOL; //display "xn--bb-bjab.be"
echo Ipv4Converter::fromEnvironment()->toDecimal('192.87.125'); //display "192.87.0.125"

uri-new-api.php

<?php

use League\Uri\BaseUri;
use League\Uri\Modifier;

$uri = "https://www.bbc.co.uk";

$resolveUri = BaseUri::from($uri)
    ->resolve("path/to/../../the/sky/?foo.bar");

$newUri = Modifier::from($resolveUri)
    ->appendQuery('foo.bar=tata')
    ->removeLabels(1)
    ->removeTrailingSlash()
    ->getUriString();

uri-old-api.php

<?php

use League\Uri\Uri;
use League\Uri\UriModifier;
use League\Uri\UriResolver;

$uri = "https://www.bbc.co.uk";
$relativeUri = "path/to/../../the/sky/?foo.bar";

$baseUri = Uri::createFromString($uri);
$relativeUri = Uri::createFromString($relativeUri);
$resolveUri = UriResolver::resolve($relativeUri, $baseUri);
$newUri = UriModifier::appendQuery($resolveUri, 'foo.bar=tata');
$newUri = UriModifier::removeLabels($newUri, 1);
$newUri = UriModifier::removeTrailingSlash($newUri);
$newUri = $newUri->__toString();

echo $newUri, PHP_EOL;

uri-stricter.php

<?php

use League\Uri\UriTemplate;
$template = 'https://api.example.com/{version}/search/{term}/{?q*,limit}';

$params = [
    'term' => ['john', 'doe'],
    'q' => ['a', 'b'],
    'limit' => '10',
];

$uriTemplate = new UriTemplate($template);
echo $uriTemplate->expand($params);
// display https://api.example.com//search/john,doe/?q=a&q=b&limit=10 with missing version
// this is valid and follow the specifications

echo $uriTemplate->expandOrFail($params);
// will throw a TemplateCanNotBeExpanded exception with the following message
// Missing variables `version`