Thinatra!

*scratch*.el

(let ((pattern "/one/:one/:two")
      (path "/one/x/y"))
  (let* ((lst (split-string pattern "/" t))
         (patlst
          (let ((i 0))
            (loop for part in lst
               if (string-match-p "^:.*" part)
               collect (cons i (intern (substring part 1)))
               do (setq i (+ 1 i)))))
         (splt (split-string path "/")))
    (let ((i 0))
      (loop for part in splt
         if (aget patlst i)
         collect (cons (aget patlst i) part)
         do (setq i (+ i 1))))))