Modify the edit.php screen to show post excerpts if there is no title.

if_no_title.php

<?php
/*
Plugin Name: If No Title
Description: Modify the edit.php screen to show post excerpts if there is no title.
Version: 0.0.1
*/

add_action( 'load-edit.php', function()
{
    add_filter( 'the_title', function( $title )
    {
        $post = get_post();
        if( is_a( $post, '\WP_Post' ) && ! $post->post_title && $post->post_content )
            $title = wp_trim_words( strip_shortcodes( strip_tags( $post->post_content ) ), 10 );
        return $title;
    } );
} );