App.cs

GlobalConfiguration.Configuration
    .UseFilter(new OverrideJobIdFilter());
    
OverrideJobIdFilter.SetOverriddenId(Guid.Parse("266AC580-4FF9-4E72-B06A-CA20D7664B9E")); 
BackgroundJob.Enqueue(() => Empty());

OverrideJobIdFilter.cs

public class OverrideJobIdFilter : IClientFilter
{
    private static readonly ThreadLocal<Guid?> _overriddenId = new ThreadLocal<Guid?>(false);

    public static void SetOverriddenId(Guid jobId)
    {
        _overriddenId.Value = jobId;
    }

    public void OnCreating(CreatingContext filterContext)
    {
        if (_overriddenId.IsValueCreated && _overriddenId.Value.HasValue)
        {
            filterContext.Parameters.Add("OverriddenId", _overriddenId.Value.Value);
        }
    }

    public void OnCreated(CreatedContext filterContext)
    {
        if (_overriddenId.IsValueCreated)
        {
            _overriddenId.Value = null;
        }
    }
}