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Install Arch Linux with Root on ZFS
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Arch_Linux_Root_On_ZFS.md

Arch Linux Root on ZFS

Installation steps for running Arch Linux with root on ZFS using UEFI and systemd-boot. All steps are run as root.

Requires an Arch Linux image with ZFS built-in (see References).

In live environment

If using KVM, add a Serial number for each virtual disk and reboot the VM. The disks should now be available in /dev/disk/by-id as virtio-<Serial>.

  • Set a bigger font if needed:
setfont latarcyrheb-sun32
  • To setup Wi-Fi, add the ESSID and passphrase:
 wpa_passphrase ESSID PASSPHRASE > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  • Start wpa_supplicant and get an IP address:
wpa_supplicant -B -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -i <wifi interface>
dhclient <wifi interface>
  • Wipe disks, create boot, swap and ZFS partitions:
sgdisk --zap-all /dev/disk/by-id/<disk0>
sgdisk -n1:0:+512M -t1:ef00 /dev/disk/by-id/<disk0>
sgdisk -n2:0:+8G -t2:8200 /dev/disk/by-id/<disk0>
sgdisk -n3:0:+210G -t3:bf00 /dev/disk/by-id/<disk0>

sgdisk --zap-all /dev/disk/by-id/<disk1>
sgdisk -n1:0:+512M -t1:ef00 /dev/disk/by-id/<disk1>
sgdisk -n2:0:+8G -t2:8200 /dev/disk/by-id/<disk1>
sgdisk -n3:0:+210G -t3:bf00 /dev/disk/by-id/<disk1>

You can also use a zvol for swap, but see this first.

  • Format boot and swap partitions
mkfs.vfat /dev/disk/by-id/<disk0>-part1
mkfs.vfat /dev/disk/by-id/<disk1>-part1

mkswap /dev/disk/by-id/<disk0>-part2
mkswap /dev/disk/by-id/<disk1>-part2
  • Create swap
swapon /dev/disk/by-id/<disk0>-part2 /dev/disk/by-id/<disk1>-part2
  • On choosing ashift

You should specify an ashift when that value is too low for what you actually need, either today (disk lies) or into the future (replacement disks will be AF). Looks like a sound advice to me. If in doubt, clarify before going any further.

Disk block size check:

cat /sys/class/block/<disk>/queue/{phys,log}ical_block_size
  • Create pool (here's for a RAID 0 equivalent, all-flash drives):
zpool create \
    -o ashift=12 \
    -o autotrim=on \
    -O relatime=on \
    -O acltype=posixacl -O canmount=off -O compression=lz4 \
    -O dnodesize=legacy -O normalization=formD \
    -O xattr=sa -O devices=off -O mountpoint=none -R /mnt rpool /dev/disk/by-id/<disk0>-part3 /dev/disk/by-id/<disk1>-part3

If the pool is larger than 10 disks you should identify them by-path or by-vdev (see here for more details).

Check ashift with:

zdb -C | grep ashift
  • Create datasets:
zfs create -o canmount=off -o mountpoint=none rpool/ROOT
zfs create -o mountpoint=/ -o canmount=noauto rpool/ROOT/default
zfs create -o mountpoint=none rpool/DATA
zfs create -o mountpoint=/home rpool/DATA/home
zfs create -o mountpoint=/root rpool/DATA/home/root
zfs create -o mountpoint=/local rpool/DATA/local
zfs create -o mountpoint=none rpool/DATA/var
zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/log rpool/DATA/var/log # after a rollback, systemd-journal blocks at reboot without this dataset
  • Create swap (not needed if you have dedicated partitions, like above)
zfs create -V 16G -b $(getconf PAGESIZE) -o compression=zle -o logbias=throughput -o sync=always -o primarycache=metadata -o secondarycache=none -o com.sun:auto-snapshot=false rpool/swap
mkswap /dev/zvol/rpool/swap
  • Unmount all
zfs umount -a
rm -rf /mnt/*
  • Export, then import pool:
zpool export rpool
zpool import -d /dev/disk/by-id -R /mnt rpool -N
  • Mount root, then the other datasets:
zfs mount rpool/ROOT/default
zfs mount -a
  • Mount boot partition:
mkdir /mnt/boot
mount /dev/disk/by-id/<disk0>-part1 /mnt/boot
  • Generate fstab:
mkdir /mnt/etc
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
  • Add swap (not needed if you created swap partitions, like above):
echo "/dev/zvol/rpool/swap    none       swap  discard                    0  0" >> /mnt/etc/fstab
  • Install the base system:
pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware vim

If it fails, add GPG keys (see bellow).

  • Change root into the new system:
arch-chroot /mnt

In chroot

  • Remove all lines in /etc/fstab, leaving only the entries for swap and boot; for boot, change fmask and dmask to 0077.

  • Add ZFS repository in /etc/pacman.conf:

[archzfs]
Server = https://archzfs.com/$repo/x86_64
  • Add GPG keys:
curl -O https://archzfs.com/archzfs.gpg
pacman-key -a archzfs.gpg
pacman-key --lsign-key DDF7DB817396A49B2A2723F7403BD972F75D9D76
pacman -Syy
  • Configure time zone (change accordingly):
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc
  • Generate locale (change accordingly):
sed -i 's/#\(en_US\.UTF-8\)/\1/' /etc/locale.gen
locale-gen
echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf
  • Configure vconsole, hostname, hosts:
echo -e "KEYMAP=us\n#FONT=latarcyrheb-sun32" > /etc/vconsole.conf
echo al-zfs > /etc/hostname
echo -e "127.0.0.1 localhost\n::1 localhost" >> /etc/hosts

  • Set root password

  • Install ZFS, microcode etc:

pacman -Syu archzfs-linux amd-ucode networkmanager sudo openssh rsync borg

Choose the default option (all) for the archzfs group.

For Intel processors install intel-ucode instead of amd-ucode.

  • Generate host id:
zgenhostid $(hostid)
  • Create cache file:
zpool set cachefile=/etc/zfs/zpool.cache rpool
  • Configure initial ramdisk in /etc/mkinitcpio.conf by removing fsck and adding zfs after keyboard:
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf kms keyboard keymap consolefont block zfs filesystems)

Regenerate environment:

mkinitcpio -p linux
  • Enable ZFS services:
systemctl enable zfs.target
systemctl enable zfs-import-cache.service
systemctl enable zfs-mount.service
systemctl enable zfs-import.target
  • Install the bootloader:
bootctl --path=/boot install
  • Add an EFI boot manager update hook in /etc/pacman.d/hooks/100-systemd-boot.hook:
[Trigger]
Type = Package
Operation = Upgrade
Target = systemd

[Action]
Description = update systemd-boot
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/bootctl update
  • Replace content of /boot/loader/loader.conf with:
default arch
timeout 3
# bigger boot menu on a 4K laptop display
#console-mode 1
  • Create a /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf containing:
title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux
initrd /amd-ucode.img
initrd /initramfs-linux.img
options zfs=rpool/ROOT/default rw

If using an Intel processor, replace /amd-ucode.img with /intel-ucode.img.

  • Exit and unmount all:
exit
zfs umount -a
umount -R /mnt
  • Export pool:
zpool export rpool
  • Reboot

A minimal Arch Linux system with root on ZFS should now be configured.

Create user

zfs create -o mountpoint=/home/user rpool/DATA/home/user
groupadd -g 1234 group
useradd -g group -u 1234 -d /home/user -s /bin/bash user
cp /etc/skel/.bash* /home/user
chown -R user:group /home/user && chmod 700 /home/user

Create additional pools and datasets

zpool create \
    -O atime=off \
    -O acltype=posixacl -O canmount=off -O compression=lz4 \
    -O dnodesize=auto \
    -O xattr=sa -O devices=off -O mountpoint=none pool:a /dev/disk/by-id/<disk2> /dev/disk/by-id/<disk3>

zpool create \
    -O atime=off \
    -O acltype=posixacl -O canmount=off -O compression=lz4 \
    -O dnodesize=auto \
    -O xattr=sa -O devices=off -O mountpoint=none pool:b mirror /dev/disk/by-id/<disk4> /dev/disk/by-id/<disk5> mirror /dev/disk/by-id/<disk6> /dev/disk/by-id/<disk7>

Create datasets:

zfs create -o canmount=off -o mountpoint=none pool:a/DATA
zfs create -o mountpoint=/path pool:a/DATA/path
zfs create -o mountpoint=/path/games -o recordsize=1M pool:a/DATA/path/games
zfs create -o mountpoint=/path/transmission -o recordsize=1M pool:a/DATA/path/transmission
zfs create -o mountpoint=/path/backup -o compression=off pool:a/DATA/path/backup

Create NFS share

Set Domain in idmapd.conf on server and clients.

zfs set sharenfs=rw=@10.0.0.0/24 pool:a/DATA/path/name
systemctl enable nfs-server.service zfs-share.service --now

Increase the capacity of a mirrored vdev

The following steps will replace all the disks in a mirrored vdev with larger ones.

Before upgrade:

zpool status lpool
  pool: lpool
 state: ONLINE
  scan: scrub repaired 0B in 00:02:18 with 0 errors on Tue Oct 17 15:52:42 2023
config:

        NAME                                                      STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        lpool                                                     ONLINE       0     0     0
          mirror-0                                                ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K683727V-part1  ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K621937D-part1  ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

zpool list lpool             
NAME    SIZE  ALLOC   FREE  CKPOINT  EXPANDSZ   FRAG    CAP  DEDUP    HEALTH  ALTROOT
lpool   464G   218G   246G        -         -     9%    47%  1.00x    ONLINE  -

The autoexpand property on the pool should be set to on.

zpool get autoexpand lpool
NAME   PROPERTY    VALUE   SOURCE
lpool  autoexpand  off     default

If it's not, set it:

zpool set autoexpand=on lpool

Power off the machine, physically replace one of drives using the same slot or cable, then power it back on. After replacing the drive, zpool status shows the following:

zpool status lpool
  pool: lpool
 state: DEGRADED 
status: One or more devices could not be used because the label is missing or
        invalid.  Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue
        functioning in a degraded state.
action: Replace the device using 'zpool replace'.
   see: https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/msg/ZFS-8000-4J
  scan: scrub repaired 0B in 00:02:18 with 0 errors on Tue Oct 17 15:52:42 2023
config:

        NAME                                                STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        lpool                                               DEGRADED     0     0     0
          mirror-0                                          DEGRADED     0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K683727V  ONLINE       0     0     0
            3003823869835917342                             UNAVAIL      0     0     0  was /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K621937D-part1

errors: No known data errors

Replace the drive in pool (here, nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K621937D is the old, now replaced drive):

zpool replace lpool /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K621937D /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W836871V

The new drive is now resilvering:

zpool status lpool
  pool: lpool
 state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices is currently being resilvered.  The pool will
        continue to function, possibly in a degraded state.
action: Wait for the resilver to complete.
  scan: resilver in progress since Sun Oct 29 14:09:00 2023
        144G / 218G scanned at 20.6G/s, 0B / 218G issued
        0B resilvered, 0.00% done, no estimated completion time
config:

        NAME                                                STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        lpool                                               DEGRADED     0     0     0
          mirror-0                                          DEGRADED     0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K683727V  ONLINE       0     0     0
            replacing-1                                     DEGRADED     0     0     0
              3003823869835917342                           UNAVAIL      0     0     0  was /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K621937D-part1
              nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W836871V  ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

Wait for resilver to finish:

zpool status lpool
  pool: lpool
 state: ONLINE
  scan: resilvered 220G in 00:01:58 with 0 errors on Sun Oct 29 14:10:58 2023
config:

        NAME                                                STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        lpool                                               ONLINE       0     0     0
          mirror-0                                          ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K683727V  ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W836871V    ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

Scrub the pool

zpool scrub lpool

and wait until it's finished:

zpool status lpool
  pool: lpool
 state: ONLINE
  scan: scrub repaired 0B in 00:02:04 with 0 errors on Sun Oct 29 14:16:24 2023
config:

        NAME                                                STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        lpool                                               ONLINE       0     0     0
          mirror-0                                          ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K683727V  ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W836871V    ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

Physically replace the second disk using the same slot or cable; after powering on the machine, the pool is again in a degraded state:

zpool status lpool
  pool: lpool
 state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices could not be used because the label is missing or
        invalid.  Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue
        functioning in a degraded state.
action: Replace the device using 'zpool replace'.
   see: https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/msg/ZFS-8000-4J
  scan: scrub repaired 0B in 00:02:04 with 0 errors on Sun Oct 29 14:16:24 2023
config:

        NAME                                              STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        lpool                                             DEGRADED     0     0     0
          mirror-0                                        DEGRADED     0     0     0
            4843306544541531925                           UNAVAIL      0     0     0  was /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K683727V-part1
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W836871V  ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

Replace the second drive in the pool:

zpool replace lpool /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K683727V /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W932278L

The second drive is now resilvering:

zpool status lpool
  pool: lpool
 state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices is currently being resilvered.  The pool will
        continue to function, possibly in a degraded state.
action: Wait for the resilver to complete.
  scan: resilver in progress since Sun Oct 29 14:28:24 2023
        218G / 218G scanned, 23.7G / 218G issued at 1.58G/s
        24.1G resilvered, 10.87% done, 00:02:03 to go
config:

        NAME                                                STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        lpool                                               DEGRADED     0     0     0
          mirror-0                                          DEGRADED     0     0     0
            replacing-0                                     DEGRADED     0     0     0
              4843306544541531925                           UNAVAIL      0     0     0  was /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_500GB_S466NB0K683727V-part1
              nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W932278L  ONLINE       0     0     0  (resilvering)
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W836871V    ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

Wait for resilvering to finish:

zpool status lpool
  pool: lpool
 state: ONLINE
  scan: resilvered 220G in 00:02:30 with 0 errors on Sun Oct 29 14:30:54 2023
config:

        NAME                                              STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        lpool                                             ONLINE       0     0     0
          mirror-0                                        ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W932278L  ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W836871V  ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

Scrub pool again:

zpool scrub lpool && zpool status lpool
  pool: lpool
 state: ONLINE
  scan: scrub in progress since Sun Oct 29 14:31:51 2023
        218G / 218G scanned, 15.1G / 218G issued at 1.51G/s
        0B repaired, 6.91% done, 00:02:14 to go
config:

        NAME                                              STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        lpool                                             ONLINE       0     0     0
          mirror-0                                        ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W932278L  ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W836871V  ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

Check pool:

zpool status lpool
  pool: lpool
 state: ONLINE
  scan: scrub repaired 0B in 00:02:21 with 0 errors on Sun Oct 29 14:34:12 2023
config:

        NAME                                              STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        lpool                                             ONLINE       0     0     0
          mirror-0                                        ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W932278L  ONLINE       0     0     0
            nvme-Samsung_SSD_990_PRO_2TB_S6Z2NF0W836871V  ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

New pool size:

zpool list lpool  
NAME    SIZE  ALLOC   FREE  CKPOINT  EXPANDSZ   FRAG    CAP  DEDUP    HEALTH  ALTROOT
lpool  1.82T   218G  1.60T        -         -     2%    11%  1.00x    ONLINE  -

References:

  1. https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Install_Arch_Linux_on_ZFS
  2. https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ZFS
  3. https://ramsdenj.com/2016/06/23/arch-linux-on-zfs-part-2-installation.html
  4. https://github.com/reconquest/archiso-zfs
  5. https://zedenv.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setup.html
  6. https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E37838_01/html/E60980/index.html
  7. https://ramsdenj.com/2020/03/18/zectl-zfs-boot-environment-manager-for-linux.html
  8. https://superuser.com/questions/1310927/what-is-the-absolute-minimum-size-a-uefi-partition-can-be, https://systemd.io/9OOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION/
  9. OpenZFS Admin Documentation
  10. zfs(8)
  11. zpool(8)
  12. https://jrs-s.net/category/open-source/zfs/
  13. https://github.com/ewwhite/zfs-ha/wiki
  14. http://nex7.blogspot.com/2013/03/readme1st.html
  15. Arch Linux ZFS images
Raw
zsrs
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# zsrs, a ZFS snapshot/rollback script
#
# @p7cq
ss_to_keep=0
root_pool="rpool/ROOT/default"
root_ss="/.zfs/snapshot"
boot_ss="/local/.boot/snapshot"
boot_part="/boot"
loader_file="${boot_part}/loader/entries/arch.conf"
action=${1}
ss_date=$(/usr/bin/date +"%A %B %e, %Y %k:%M:%S")
ss_manifest_file=".manifest"
function _help() {
local topic=${1}
[[ ${topic} == "usage" ]] && \
/usr/bin/echo -e "usage:\n \
zsrs delete [snapshot id] remove all snapshots keeping only the last ${ss_to_keep}\n \
zsrs snapshot [comment] snapshot the system; comment max length 64 chars\n \
zsrs rollback [snapshot id] rollback the system to the previous state (the last snapshot)\n \
zsrs list list snapshots\n \
zsrs help usage" && \
exit 0
}
function _boot_ss() {
[[ -d "${1}" ]] && /usr/bin/echo "\e[97m\e[1mboot snapshot id is undefined\e[0m" && exit 1
local ss_id="${1}"
/usr/bin/mkdir ${boot_ss}/${ss_id}
/usr/bin/chmod 700 ${boot_ss}/${ss_id}
/usr/bin/echo ${ss_manifest} > ${boot_ss}/${ss_id}/${ss_manifest_file}
/usr/bin/rsync -avzq --delete ${boot_part}/ ${boot_ss}/${ss_id}/BOOT
}
function _boot_rb() {
local ss_id="${1}"
[[ -z "${ss_id}" ]] && /usr/bin/echo "\e[97m\e[1mboot snapshot id is undefined\e[0m" && exit 1
/usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1moverwriting boot partition at \e[0m\e[33m\e[1m${boot_part}\e[0m"
/usr/bin/rsync -avzq --delete ${boot_ss}/${ss_id}/BOOT/ ${boot_part}
IFS='^' read -ra manifest <<< "$(/usr/bin/cat ${boot_ss}/${ss_id}/${ss_manifest_file})"
local title="title Arch Linux (${ss_id}: ${manifest[0]} ${manifest[1]})"
/usr/bin/sed -i "1 s/^.*$/${title}/g" ${loader_file}
}
function _ss_manifest() {
local comment="${1}"
ss_manifest="^${ss_date}"
[[ -z "${comment}" ]] && comment="snapshot"
comment=$(/usr/bin/sed 's/\^/_/g' <<< ${comment})
ss_manifest="${comment:0:64}${ss_manifest}"
}
function _restrict() {
if (( ${EUID:-0} || "$(/usr/bin/id -u)" )); then
/usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1myou must be root to do this\e[0m"
exit 1
fi
}
_restrict
declare -a args=("delete" "d" "snapshot" "s" "rollback" "r" "list" "l" "help" "h")
[[ "$#" = "0" ]] || [[ ! " ${args[@]} " =~ " ${1} " ]] && _help "usage" && exit 0
[[ ! -d ${root_ss} ]] && /usr/bin/echo "${root_ss} does not exist" && exit 1
[[ ! -d ${boot_ss} ]] && /usr/bin/echo "${boot_ss} does not exist" && exit 1
ss_count=$(/usr/bin/ls ${boot_ss} | /usr/bin/wc -l)
if [[ ${action} == "delete" ]] || [[ ${action} == "d" ]]; then
ss_id=${2}
case "${ss_to_keep}" in
0)
what=" \e[0m\e[33m\e[1mall\e[0m\e[97m\e[1m snapshots"
;;
*)
what=" all snapshots and keep the last \e[0m\e[33m\e[1m${ss_to_keep}\e[0m\e[97m\e[1m"
;;
esac
if (( $# == 1 )); then
/usr/bin/echo -en "\e[97m\e[1mdelete${what}? (yes/no): \e[0m" && read
[[ "${REPLY}" != "yes" ]] && exit 0
fi
if [[ ! -z "${ss_id}" ]]; then
re='^[0-9]+$'
[[ ! ${ss_id} =~ ${re} ]] && /usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1ma positive integer is expected (see \e[0m\e[33m\e[1mzsrs list\e[0m)\e[0m" && exit 1
[[ ! -d "${root_ss}/${ss_id}" ]] && /usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1mno such snapshot\e[0m" && exit 1
/usr/bin/zfs destroy ${root_pool}@${ss_id}
/usr/bin/rm -rf ${boot_ss}/${ss_id}
exit 0
fi
if (( ss_count > ss_to_keep )); then
lwm=$(/usr/bin/ls ${root_ss} | /usr/bin/sort -n | /usr/bin/head -1)
hwm=$(/usr/bin/ls ${root_ss} | /usr/bin/sort -nr | /usr/bin/head -1)
end=$((hwm-ss_to_keep))
if [ ! -z "${lwm}" ] && [ ! -z "${hwm}" ]; then
for ((s=lwm; s<=end; s++)) do
[[ ! -d "${boot_ss}/${s}" ]] && continue
/usr/bin/zfs destroy ${root_pool}@${s}
/usr/bin/rm -rf ${boot_ss}/${s}
done
fi
else
/usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1mless than \e[0m\e[33m\e[1m$((${ss_to_keep}+1))\e[0m\e[97m\e[1m snapshots, none deleted\e[0m"
fi
exit 0
fi
if [[ ${action} == "snapshot" ]] || [[ ${action} == "s" ]]; then
ss_id=$(($(/usr/bin/ls ${boot_ss} | /usr/bin/sort -nr | /usr/bin/head -1)+1))
_ss_manifest "${2}"
_boot_ss ${ss_id}
/usr/bin/zfs snapshot ${root_pool}@${ss_id}
/usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1mcreated snapshot with id \e[0m\e[33m\e[1m${ss_id}\e[0m"
exit 0
fi
if [[ ${action} == "rollback" ]] || [[ ${action} == "r" ]]; then
ss_id=${2}
last_ss=$(/usr/bin/ls ${boot_ss} | /usr/bin/sort -nr | /usr/bin/head -1)
if [[ ! -z "${ss_id}" ]]; then
([[ "${ss_id}" == "0" ]] || [[ ! -d "${boot_ss}/${ss_id}" ]] || [[ ! -d "${root_ss}/${ss_id}" ]]) && /usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1mno such snapshot\e[0m" && exit 1
re='^[0-9]+$'
[[ ! ${ss_id} =~ ${re} ]] && /usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1ma positive integer is expected\e[0m" && exit 1
else
ss_id=${last_ss}
fi
IFS='^' read -ra manifest <<< "$(/usr/bin/cat ${boot_ss}/${ss_id}/${ss_manifest_file})"
/usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1mrolling back to snapshot \e[0m\e[33m\e[1m${ss_id}\e[0m\e[97m\e[1m: \e[0m\e[33m\e[1m${manifest[0]}\e[97m\e[1m taken on \e[0m\e[33m\e[1m${manifest[1]}\e[0m"
/usr/bin/echo -en "\e[97m\e[1ma reboot will be required, proceed? (yes/no): \e[0m" && read
[[ "${REPLY}" != "yes" ]] && exit 0
destroy_recent=""
if (( ss_id < last_ss )); then
destroy_recent="-R"
for ((s=last_ss; s>ss_id; s--)); do
more_recent_ss="${boot_ss}/${s}"
[[ -d "${more_recent_ss}" ]] && /usr/bin/rm -rf ${more_recent_ss}
done
fi
/usr/bin/zfs rollback ${destroy_recent} ${root_pool}@${ss_id}
_boot_rb ${ss_id}
/usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1msnapshot \e[0m\e[33m\e[1m${manifest[0]}\e[0m\e[97m\e[1m is now the active system, rebooting...\e[0m"
sleep 2
/usr/bin/systemctl reboot
fi
if [[ ${action} == "help" ]] || [[ ${action} == "h" ]]; then
_help "usage"
exit 0
fi
if [[ ${action} == "list" ]] || [[ ${action} == "l" ]]; then
if ((ss_count == 0)); then
/usr/bin/echo -e "\e[97m\e[1mno snapshots available\e[0m"
exit 0
fi
for id in $(/usr/bin/ls ${boot_ss} | /usr/bin/sort -nr); do
IFS='^' read -ra manifest <<< "$(/usr/bin/cat ${boot_ss}/${id}/${ss_manifest_file})"
/usr/bin/echo -e "\e[33m\e[1m${id}\e[0m^\e[97m\e[1m${manifest[0]}^${manifest[1]}\e[0m"
done | /usr/bin/column -t -N ID,COMMENT,DATE -s "^"
exit 0
fi
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