UTF-8 And Latin-1 character encoding errors.

encoding.md

Sometimes you've got some incorrectly-encoded text that you want to fix. If you encode it to bytes and decode it back to a string, you can select the source and target encodings and fix the encoding in Python.

'Microsoft® Windows™ 10 is Patrick’s favourite OS'.encode('utf-8').decode('latin-1')

'Microsoft® Windowsâ\x84¢ 10 is Patrickâ\x80\x99s favourite OS'.encode('latin-1').decode('utf-8')

What if you encounter this in a SQL statement? You can choose to collate a column into a different encoding.

SELECT
    name COLLATE latin1
FROM
    people