Fabric | How it's Made | Chemical Composition | Examples | Noteworthy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acrylic | Produced by reacting chemicals with monomers to form polyacrylonitrile. | Polyacrylonitrile | Sweaters, fleece wear, socks | Least breathable textile; common in athletic equipment; fossil fuel-based fiber. |
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Sound (pinyin) | IPA | Articulation and Tongue Placement | How to Produce the Sound | Examples in Pinyin | Examples in Bopomofo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
x | ɕ | Voiceless palatal fricative | Curl the tongue back and position it near the hard palate. Push air out between the tongue and the palate. | xiāo (小) | ˙ㄒㄧㄠ |
q | t͡ɕʰ | Voiceless aspirated palatal affricate | Curl the tongue back and position it near the hard palate. Release a burst of air with a puff of aspiration. | qí (起) | ˙ㄑㄧˊ |
j | t͡ɕ | Voiceless palatal affricate | Curl the tongue back and position it near the hard palate. Release a burst of air without aspiration. | jiā (家) | ㄐㄧㄚ |
zh | ʈ͡ʂ | Voiceless retroflex affricate | Curl the tongue back and position it near the roof of the mouth. Re |
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Description: A concise overview of Mandarin Chinese sounds. It includes their IPA representations, tongue placements, additional instructions, and examples in Pinyin (Romanized Chinese) and 注音符号 (Bopomofo) scripts.
Sound (pinyin) | [IPA] | Tongue Placement | Additional Instructions | Examples in Pinyin | Examples in Bopomofo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
zh | ʈʂ | Tip of tongue against the roof of the mouth, retroflex motion | Release burst of air | zhōng (中), zhù (住) |
ㄓㄨㄥ (中), ㄓㄨˋ (住) |
ch | ʈʂʰ | Tip of tongue against the roof of the mouth, retroflex motion | Strongly aspirate release | chī (吃), chū (出) |
ㄔ (吃), ㄔㄨ (出) |
sh | ʂ | Tip of tongue slightly below the position for "zh" and "ch," retroflex motion | Release burst of air | shū (书), sh |
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