Use the env.JAVA_HOME environment variable to specify the JDK to use as shown in the Pipeline snippet below:

JdkSpecificVersion.groovy

node {
  // https://support.cloudbees.com/hc/en-us/articles/115001595227-How-To-Specify-A-Specific-JDK-In-Pipeline-
  // configure the JDK in Manage Jenkins > Global Tool Configuration > JDK
  jdk = tool name: 'JDK17'
  env.JAVA_HOME = "${jdk}"

  echo "jdk installation path is: ${jdk}"

  // next 2 are equivalents
  sh "${jdk}/bin/java -version"

  // note that simple quote strings are not evaluated by Groovy
  // substitution is done by shell script using environment
  sh '$JAVA_HOME/bin/java -version'
}