PhantomJS では page.evaluate では非同期的なことができないけど XMLHttpRequest($.ajax) を同期的に使うことでなんとかなった（）

getCiNiiBibs.js

var phantom = require('node-phantom-async');
var co = require('co');

var buildQuery = function (object) {
    return Object.keys(object).map(function (key) {
        return encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(object[key]);
    }).join('&');
}

var scrapeFromCiNii = function (keywords) {
    return co(function *() {
        
        var params = {
            q: (typeof keywords === 'string') ? keywords : keywords.join(' '),
            count: 200
        };

        var page = yield (yield phantom.create().bind({})).createPage();
        yield page.open('http://ci.nii.ac.jp/fulltext?' + buildQuery(params));
        yield page.includeJs('https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.1.4.min.js');

        var bibs = yield page.evaluate(function() {

            var items = [];
            $('.item_title>a').each(function () {
                items.push($(this).attr("href") + ".bib");
            });

            var bibs = [];
            items.forEach(function(url) {
                $.ajax({
                    async: false,
                    url:   url,
                    type:  "get"
                }).done(function(data) {
                    bibs.push(data);
                });
            });

            return bibs;
        });

        return bibs;
    });
}

scrapeFromCiNii('mptcp').then(function (bibs) {
    console.log('done');
    console.log(bibs);
    process.exit(0);
});