Step 1 - Create a bootable macOS High Sierra ISO
hdiutil attach Downloads/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg -noverify -nobrowse -mountpoint /Volumes/install_app
hdiutil create -o Downloads/HighSierra.cdr -size 7316m -layout SPUD -fs HFS+J
hdiutil attach Downloads/HighSierra.cdr.dmg -noverify -nobrowse -mountpoint /Volumes/install_build
asr restore -source Downloads/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/SharedSupport/BaseSystem.dmg -target /Volumes/install_build -noprompt -noverify -erase
rm /Volumes/OS\ X\ Base\ System/System/Installation/Packages
cp -rp /Volumes/install_app/Packages /Volumes/OS\ X\ Base\ System/System/Installation/
cp -rp Downloads/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/SharedSupport/BaseSystem.chunklist /Volumes/OS\ X\ Base\ System/BaseSystem.chunklist
cp -rp Downloads/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/SharedSupport/BaseSystem.dmg /Volumes/OS\ X\ Base\ System/BaseSystem.dmg
hdiutil detach /Volumes/install_app
hdiutil detach /Volumes/OS\ X\ Base\ System/
hdiutil convert Downloads/HighSierra.cdr.dmg -format UDTO -o Downloads/HighSierra.iso
mv Downloads/HighSierra.iso.cdr Downloads/HighSierra.iso
Step 2 - Install macOS in a New VirtualBox VM
Create a new Mac OS X machine, Version: macOS 10.13 High Sierra (64-bit). Accept all the defaults.
Start the virtual machine.
You will immediately be prompted for a disk to base this new VM off of. Browse for and select from the HighSierra.iso you created in the steps above.
After a bit og console output, the GUI install process should come up.
Grab a coffee, the 15 minute estimation the installer gives you is a complete work of fiction. My install took over an hour.
Once installed, reboot and complete the new user process. Skip the AppleID login bit, it'll fail on a VirtualBox.
Shut down the virtual machine and quit VirtualBox.