philwo/README.md

## README.md

      
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              README.md
            
          
    Recommended settings for RAID


RAID 10
Stripe size 512K
Enable write-back cache
Disable read-ahead
Disable read cache
Disable drive write cache

Recommended settings for filesystems, etc.


Align the partitions to the RAID stripes (check with "fdisk -c -u" if the start sector of the partitions is divisible by 1024).
Don't use LVM (it's usually OK to use, but more complex to setup correctly for striping and data alignment, etc.)
Mount filesystems with "nobarrier" (because we have a BBU) and "noatime" (for performance)
Set I/O scheduler to deadline: echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler
Setup the filesystem according to the RAID stripe size:

In case of RAID10, the number of data disks disks is "number of drives" / 2. In our case, we'd get n = 2.
For a stripe size of 512k, we thus need to use this command to create an XFS filesystem:
mkfs.xfs -f -d su=512k,sw=2 /dev/sda3
Preparations


Test if the RAID has reasonable sequential I/O speed:
time dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/data/test bs=1M count=2048 oflag=direct

If this is slow (in my tests I usually got around 400 MB/Sec), something is really wrong with the RAID. (Maybe write cache is off.)
Install databases

Install MySQL


Download RPMs from http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/#downloads and install manually.
Note: You can't install MariaDB and MySQL at the same time.

Install MariaDB

rpm --import http://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo <<'EOF'
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos5-x86
gpgcheck=1
EOF
yum -y install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client

Install PostgreSQL 9.2

yum -y install http://yum.postgresql.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-x86_64/pgdg-centos92-9.2-5.noarch.rpm
yum -y install postgresql92-server

Create databases

Initialize new MySQL database directory

mkdir /mnt/data/mysql; chown mysql:mysql /mnt/data/mysql
mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/mnt/data/mysql
mysqladmin create benchmark

Initialize new PostgreSQL database

mkdir -p /etc/sysconfig/pgsql
cat > /etc/sysconfig/pgsql/postgresql-9.2 <<'EOF'
PGDATA=/mnt/data/pgsql
EOF

psql -Upostgres -d template1 -c "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS benchmark"
psql -Upostgres -d template1 -c "CREATE DATABASE benchmark WITH OWNER=postgres"
psql -Upostgres -d template1 -c "GRANT ALL ON DATABASE benchmark TO postgres WITH GRANT OPTION"

Prepare oltpbenchmark

cd /root/
yum -y install subversion
svn checkout http://oltpbenchmark.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ oltpbenchmark

cd /root/oltpbenchmark
yum -y install ant
ant

# Increase heap size for oltpbenchmark, because else it crashes with a
# "out of memory" exception after long benchmark runs...
sed -i 's/Xmx4000m/Xmx8000m/g' /root/oltpbenchmark/oltpbenchmark

cat > /root/oltpbenchmark/tpcc_config_pg.xml <<'EOF'
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<parameters>
    <!-- Connection details -->
    <dbtype>postgres</dbtype>
    <driver>org.postgresql.Driver</driver>
    <DBUrl>jdbc:postgresql://localhost/benchmark</DBUrl>
    <username>postgres</username>
    <password></password>
    <isolation>TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ</isolation>

    <!-- Scale factor is the number of warehouses in TPCC -->
    <scalefactor>32</scalefactor>

    <!-- The workload -->
    <terminals>64</terminals>
    <works>
        <work>
          <time>28800</time>
          <rate>10000</rate>
          <weights>45,43,4,4,4</weights>
        </work>
    </works>

    <!-- TPCC specific -->
    <transactiontypes>
        <transactiontype>
            <name>NewOrder</name>
        </transactiontype>
        <transactiontype>
            <name>Payment</name>
        </transactiontype>
        <transactiontype>
            <name>OrderStatus</name>
        </transactiontype>
        <transactiontype>
            <name>Delivery</name>
        </transactiontype>
        <transactiontype>
            <name>StockLevel</name>
        </transactiontype>
    </transactiontypes>
</parameters>
EOF

Start the benchmark

service postgresql-9.2 restart
echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
./oltpbenchmark -b tpcc -c tpcc_config_pg.xml --execute=true -s 5 -o tpcc_pg_report


## my.cnf
#
# This is a MariaDB 5.5 configuration optimized for XtraDB / InnoDB
# on a server with 64 - 96 GB of RAM and a RAID-10 consisting of 4
# disks, running nothing else.
#

[client]
port		= 3306
socket		= /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port		= 3306
socket		= /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
datadir     = /mnt/data/mysql

# back_log is the number of connections the operating system can keep in
# the listen queue, before the MariaDB connection manager thread has
# processed them.
back_log = 50

# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MariaDB server will
# allow.
max_connections = 300

# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
# section [mysqld_safe]
table_open_cache = 2048

# The maximum size of a query packet the server can handle as well as
# maximum query size server can process (Important when working with
# large BLOBs).  enlarged dynamically, for each connection.
max_allowed_packet = 16M

# Maximum allowed size for a single HEAP (in memory) table. This option
# is a protection against the accidential creation of a very large HEAP
# table which could otherwise use up all memory resources.
max_heap_table_size = 64M

# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans.
# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
read_buffer_size = 2M

# When reading rows in sorted order after a sort, the rows are read
# through this buffer to avoid disk seeks. You can improve ORDER BY
# performance a lot, if set this to a high value.
# Allocated per thread, when needed.
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

# Sort buffer is used to perform sorts for some ORDER BY and GROUP BY
# queries. If sorted data does not fit into the sort buffer, a disk
# based merge sort is used instead - See the "Sort_merge_passes"
# status variable. Allocated per thread if sort is needed.
sort_buffer_size = 8M

# This buffer is used for the optimization of full JOINs (JOINs without
# indexes). Such JOINs are very bad for performance in most cases
# anyway, but setting this variable to a large value reduces the
# performance impact. See the "Select_full_join" status variable for a
# count of full JOINs. Allocated per thread if full join is found
join_buffer_size = 8M

# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
# more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces
# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
thread_cache_size = 8

# Disable the query cache.
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0

# Table type which is used by default when creating new tables, if not
# specified differently during the CREATE TABLE statement.
#default-storage-engine = MYISAM
default-storage-engine = INNODB

# Thread stack size to use. This amount of memory is always reserved at
# connection time. MariaDB itself usually needs no more than 64K of
# memory, while if you use your own stack hungry UDF functions or your
# OS requires more stack for some operations, you might need to set this
# to a higher value.
thread_stack = 256K

# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
# of them.
tmp_table_size = 64M

# The directory used by MySQL for storing temporary files. For example,
# it is used to perform disk based large sorts, as well as for internal
# and explicit temporary tables. It might be good to put it on a
# swapfs/tmpfs filesystem, if you do not create very large temporary
# files. Alternatively you can put it on dedicated disk. You can
# specify multiple paths here by separating them by ";" - they will then
# be used in a round-robin fashion.
tmpdir = /tmp

#*** MyISAM Specific options

key_buffer_size = 64M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

# *** INNODB Specific options ***

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 2500M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

# This should be adequate for a RAID-10 array consisting of 4 SAS 15K disks.
innodb_io_capacity = 400

[mysqldump]
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 512M
sort_buffer_size = 512M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 8192

## pg_hba.conf
# PostgreSQL Client Authentication Configuration File
# ===================================================
#
# Refer to the "Client Authentication" section in the PostgreSQL
# documentation for a complete description of this file.  A short
# synopsis follows.
#
# This file controls: which hosts are allowed to connect, how clients
# are authenticated, which PostgreSQL user names they can use, which
# databases they can access.  Records take one of these forms:
#
# local      DATABASE  USER  METHOD  [OPTIONS]
# host       DATABASE  USER  ADDRESS  METHOD  [OPTIONS]
# hostssl    DATABASE  USER  ADDRESS  METHOD  [OPTIONS]
# hostnossl  DATABASE  USER  ADDRESS  METHOD  [OPTIONS]
#
# (The uppercase items must be replaced by actual values.)
#
# The first field is the connection type: "local" is a Unix-domain
# socket, "host" is either a plain or SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket,
# "hostssl" is an SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket, and "hostnossl" is a
# plain TCP/IP socket.
#
# DATABASE can be "all", "sameuser", "samerole", "replication", a
# database name, or a comma-separated list thereof. The "all"
# keyword does not match "replication". Access to replication
# must be enabled in a separate record (see example below).
#
# USER can be "all", a user name, a group name prefixed with "+", or a
# comma-separated list thereof.  In both the DATABASE and USER fields
# you can also write a file name prefixed with "@" to include names
# from a separate file.
#
# ADDRESS specifies the set of hosts the record matches.  It can be a
# host name, or it is made up of an IP address and a CIDR mask that is
# an integer (between 0 and 32 (IPv4) or 128 (IPv6) inclusive) that
# specifies the number of significant bits in the mask.  A host name
# that starts with a dot (.) matches a suffix of the actual host name.
# Alternatively, you can write an IP address and netmask in separate
# columns to specify the set of hosts.  Instead of a CIDR-address, you
# can write "samehost" to match any of the server's own IP addresses,
# or "samenet" to match any address in any subnet that the server is
# directly connected to.
#
# METHOD can be "trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "gss", "sspi",
# "krb5", "ident", "peer", "pam", "ldap", "radius" or "cert".  Note that
# "password" sends passwords in clear text; "md5" is preferred since
# it sends encrypted passwords.
#
# OPTIONS are a set of options for the authentication in the format
# NAME=VALUE.  The available options depend on the different
# authentication methods -- refer to the "Client Authentication"
# section in the documentation for a list of which options are
# available for which authentication methods.
#
# Database and user names containing spaces, commas, quotes and other
# special characters must be quoted.  Quoting one of the keywords
# "all", "sameuser", "samerole" or "replication" makes the name lose
# its special character, and just match a database or username with
# that name.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the postmaster receives
# a SIGHUP signal.  If you edit the file on a running system, you have
# to SIGHUP the postmaster for the changes to take effect.  You can
# use "pg_ctl reload" to do that.

# Put your actual configuration here
# ----------------------------------
#
# If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more
# "host" records.  In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL
# listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses
# configuration parameter, or via the -i or -h command line switches.


# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all             all             ::1/128                 trust

host    all             all             10.0.0.0/8              trust
host    all             all             fd00::/16               trust

# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#local   replication     postgres                                peer
#host    replication     postgres        127.0.0.1/32            ident
#host    replication     postgres        ::1/128                 ident

## postgresql.conf
#
# This is a PostgreSQL 9.2 configuration optimized for a server with
# 96 GB of RAM and a RAID-10 consisting of 4 disks, running nothing else.
#

# -----------------------------
# PostgreSQL configuration file
# -----------------------------
#
# This file consists of lines of the form:
#
#   name = value
#
# (The "=" is optional.)  Whitespace may be used.  Comments are introduced with
# "#" anywhere on a line.  The complete list of parameter names and allowed
# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
#
# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
# you need to reload the server.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
# signal.  If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
# server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload".  Some
# parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to
# take effect.
#
# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
# "postgres -c log_connections=on".  Some parameters can be changed at run time
# with the "SET" SQL command.
#
# Memory units:  kB = kilobytes        Time units:  ms  = milliseconds
#                MB = megabytes                     s   = seconds
#                GB = gigabytes                     min = minutes
#                                                   h   = hours
#                                                   d   = days


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FILE LOCATIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.

#data_directory = 'ConfigDir'		# use data in another directory
					# (change requires restart)
#hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf'	# host-based authentication file
					# (change requires restart)
#ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf'	# ident configuration file
					# (change requires restart)

# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
#external_pid_file = ''			# write an extra PID file
					# (change requires restart)


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Connection Settings -

listen_addresses = '*'			# what IP address(es) to listen on;
					# comma-separated list of addresses;
					# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
					# (change requires restart)
#port = 5432				# (change requires restart)
max_connections = 300			# (change requires restart)
# Note:  Increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per
# connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3	# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_directory = ''		# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = ''			# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777		# begin with 0 to use octal notation
					# (change requires restart)
#bonjour = off				# advertise server via Bonjour
					# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = ''			# defaults to the computer name
					# (change requires restart)

# - Security and Authentication -

#authentication_timeout = 1min		# 1s-600s
#ssl = off				# (change requires restart)
#ssl_ciphers = 'ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH'	# allowed SSL ciphers
					# (change requires restart)
#ssl_renegotiation_limit = 512MB	# amount of data between renegotiations
#ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'		# (change requires restart)
#ssl_key_file = 'server.key'		# (change requires restart)
#ssl_ca_file = ''			# (change requires restart)
#ssl_crl_file = ''			# (change requires restart)
#password_encryption = on
#db_user_namespace = off

# Kerberos and GSSAPI
#krb_server_keyfile = ''
#krb_srvname = 'postgres'		# (Kerberos only)
#krb_caseins_users = off

# - TCP Keepalives -
# see "man 7 tcp" for details

#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0		# TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
					# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0		# TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
					# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_count = 0		# TCP_KEEPCNT;
					# 0 selects the system default


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Memory -

shared_buffers = 32GB			# min 128kB
					# (change requires restart)
#temp_buffers = 8MB			# min 800kB
#max_prepared_transactions = 0		# zero disables the feature
					# (change requires restart)
# Note:  Increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory
# per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
# It is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless you
# actively intend to use prepared transactions.
work_mem = 16MB					# min 64kB
maintenance_work_mem = 256MB	# min 1MB
#max_stack_depth = 2MB			# min 100kB

# - Disk -

#temp_file_limit = -1			# limits per-session temp file space
					# in kB, or -1 for no limit

# - Kernel Resource Usage -

#max_files_per_process = 1000		# min 25
					# (change requires restart)
#shared_preload_libraries = ''		# (change requires restart)

# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -

#vacuum_cost_delay = 0ms		# 0-100 milliseconds
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1		# 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10		# 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20		# 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200		# 1-10000 credits

# - Background Writer -

#bgwriter_delay = 200ms			# 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100		# 0-1000 max buffers written/round
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0		# 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round

# - Asynchronous Behavior -

effective_io_concurrency = 4		# 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WRITE AHEAD LOG
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Settings -

#wal_level = minimal			# minimal, archive, or hot_standby
					# (change requires restart)
#fsync = on				# turns forced synchronization on or off
synchronous_commit = on			# synchronization level;
					# off, local, remote_write, or on
#wal_sync_method = fsync		# the default is the first option
					# supported by the operating system:
					#   open_datasync
					#   fdatasync (default on Linux)
					#   fsync
					#   fsync_writethrough
					#   open_sync
#full_page_writes = on			# recover from partial page writes
#wal_buffers = -1			# min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
					# (change requires restart)
#wal_writer_delay = 200ms		# 1-10000 milliseconds

#commit_delay = 0			# range 0-100000, in microseconds
#commit_siblings = 5			# range 1-1000

# - Checkpoints -

checkpoint_segments = 128		# in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each
checkpoint_timeout = 15min		# range 30s-1h
checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9	# checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
#checkpoint_warning = 30s		# 0 disables

# - Archiving -

#archive_mode = off		# allows archiving to be done
				# (change requires restart)
#archive_command = ''		# command to use to archive a logfile segment
				# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
				#               %f = file name only
				# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
#archive_timeout = 0		# force a logfile segment switch after this
				# number of seconds; 0 disables


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPLICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Sending Server(s) -

# Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.

#max_wal_senders = 0		# max number of walsender processes
				# (change requires restart)
#wal_keep_segments = 0		# in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
#replication_timeout = 60s	# in milliseconds; 0 disables

# - Master Server -

# These settings are ignored on a standby server.

#synchronous_standby_names = ''	# standby servers that provide sync rep
				# comma-separated list of application_name
				# from standby(s); '*' = all
#vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0	# number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed

# - Standby Servers -

# These settings are ignored on a master server.

#hot_standby = off			# "on" allows queries during recovery
					# (change requires restart)
#max_standby_archive_delay = 30s	# max delay before canceling queries
					# when reading WAL from archive;
					# -1 allows indefinite delay
#max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s	# max delay before canceling queries
					# when reading streaming WAL;
					# -1 allows indefinite delay
#wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s	# send replies at least this often
					# 0 disables
#hot_standby_feedback = off		# send info from standby to prevent
					# query conflicts


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Planner Method Configuration -

#enable_bitmapscan = on
#enable_hashagg = on
#enable_hashjoin = on
#enable_indexscan = on
#enable_indexonlyscan = on
#enable_material = on
#enable_mergejoin = on
#enable_nestloop = on
#enable_seqscan = on
#enable_sort = on
#enable_tidscan = on

# - Planner Cost Constants -

#seq_page_cost = 1.0			# measured on an arbitrary scale
#random_page_cost = 4.0			# same scale as above
#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01			# same scale as above
#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005		# same scale as above
#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025		# same scale as above
effective_cache_size = 60GB

# - Genetic Query Optimizer -

#geqo = on
#geqo_threshold = 12
#geqo_effort = 5			# range 1-10
#geqo_pool_size = 0			# selects default based on effort
#geqo_generations = 0			# selects default based on effort
#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0		# range 1.5-2.0
#geqo_seed = 0.0			# range 0.0-1.0

# - Other Planner Options -

#default_statistics_target = 100	# range 1-10000
#constraint_exclusion = partition	# on, off, or partition
#cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1		# range 0.0-1.0
#from_collapse_limit = 8
#join_collapse_limit = 8		# 1 disables collapsing of explicit
					# JOIN clauses


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Where to Log -

log_destination = 'stderr'		# Valid values are combinations of
					# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
					# depending on platform.  csvlog
					# requires logging_collector to be on.

# This is used when logging to stderr:
logging_collector = on			# Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
					# into log files. Required to be on for
					# csvlogs.
					# (change requires restart)

# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
log_directory = 'pg_log'		# directory where log files are written,
					# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'	# log file name pattern,
					# can include strftime() escapes
#log_file_mode = 0600			# creation mode for log files,
					# begin with 0 to use octal notation
log_truncate_on_rotation = on		# If on, an existing log file with the
					# same name as the new log file will be
					# truncated rather than appended to.
					# But such truncation only occurs on
					# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
					# or size-driven rotation.  Default is
					# off, meaning append to existing files
					# in all cases.
log_rotation_age = 1d			# Automatic rotation of logfiles will
					# happen after that time.  0 disables.
log_rotation_size = 0			# Automatic rotation of logfiles will
					# happen after that much log output.
					# 0 disables.

# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'

# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'

# - When to Log -

#client_min_messages = notice		# values in order of decreasing detail:
					#   debug5
					#   debug4
					#   debug3
					#   debug2
					#   debug1
					#   log
					#   notice
					#   warning
					#   error

#log_min_messages = warning		# values in order of decreasing detail:
					#   debug5
					#   debug4
					#   debug3
					#   debug2
					#   debug1
					#   info
					#   notice
					#   warning
					#   error
					#   log
					#   fatal
					#   panic

#log_min_error_statement = error	# values in order of decreasing detail:
				 	#   debug5
					#   debug4
					#   debug3
					#   debug2
					#   debug1
				 	#   info
					#   notice
					#   warning
					#   error
					#   log
					#   fatal
					#   panic (effectively off)

#log_min_duration_statement = -1	# -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
					# and their durations, > 0 logs only
					# statements running at least this number
					# of milliseconds


# - What to Log -

#debug_print_parse = off
#debug_print_rewritten = off
#debug_print_plan = off
#debug_pretty_print = on
#log_checkpoints = off
#log_connections = off
#log_disconnections = off
#log_duration = off
#log_error_verbosity = default		# terse, default, or verbose messages
#log_hostname = off
#log_line_prefix = ''			# special values:
					#   %a = application name
					#   %u = user name
					#   %d = database name
					#   %r = remote host and port
					#   %h = remote host
					#   %p = process ID
					#   %t = timestamp without milliseconds
					#   %m = timestamp with milliseconds
					#   %i = command tag
					#   %e = SQL state
					#   %c = session ID
					#   %l = session line number
					#   %s = session start timestamp
					#   %v = virtual transaction ID
					#   %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
					#   %q = stop here in non-session
					#        processes
					#   %% = '%'
					# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
#log_lock_waits = off			# log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
#log_statement = 'none'			# none, ddl, mod, all
#log_temp_files = -1			# log temporary files equal or larger
					# than the specified size in kilobytes;
					# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
log_timezone = 'Japan'


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RUNTIME STATISTICS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Query/Index Statistics Collector -

#track_activities = on
#track_counts = on
#track_io_timing = off
#track_functions = none			# none, pl, all
#track_activity_query_size = 1024 	# (change requires restart)
#update_process_title = on
#stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'


# - Statistics Monitoring -

#log_parser_stats = off
#log_planner_stats = off
#log_executor_stats = off
#log_statement_stats = off


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#autovacuum = on			# Enable autovacuum subprocess?  'on'
					# requires track_counts to also be on.
#log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1	# -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
					# their durations, > 0 logs only
					# actions running at least this number
					# of milliseconds.
#autovacuum_max_workers = 3		# max number of autovacuum subprocesses
					# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_naptime = 1min		# time between autovacuum runs
#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50	# min number of row updates before
					# vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50	# min number of row updates before
					# analyze
#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2	# fraction of table size before vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1	# fraction of table size before analyze
#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000	# maximum XID age before forced vacuum
					# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20ms	# default vacuum cost delay for
					# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
					# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1	# default vacuum cost limit for
					# autovacuum, -1 means use
					# vacuum_cost_limit


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Statement Behavior -

#search_path = '"$user",public'		# schema names
#default_tablespace = ''		# a tablespace name, '' uses the default
#temp_tablespaces = ''			# a list of tablespace names, '' uses
					# only default tablespace
#check_function_bodies = on
#default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
#default_transaction_read_only = off
#default_transaction_deferrable = off
#session_replication_role = 'origin'
#statement_timeout = 0			# in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
#vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
#vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
#bytea_output = 'hex'			# hex, escape
#xmlbinary = 'base64'
#xmloption = 'content'

# - Locale and Formatting -

datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
#intervalstyle = 'postgres'
timezone = 'Japan'
#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default'     # Select the set of available time zone
					# abbreviations.  Currently, there are
					#   Default
					#   Australia
					#   India
					# You can create your own file in
					# share/timezonesets/.
#extra_float_digits = 0			# min -15, max 3
#client_encoding = sql_ascii		# actually, defaults to database
					# encoding

# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
lc_messages = 'en_US.UTF-8'			# locale for system error message
					# strings
lc_monetary = 'en_US.UTF-8'			# locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'en_US.UTF-8'			# locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'en_US.UTF-8'				# locale for time formatting

# default configuration for text search
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'

# - Other Defaults -

#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
#local_preload_libraries = ''


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCK MANAGEMENT
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#deadlock_timeout = 1s
#max_locks_per_transaction = 64		# min 10
					# (change requires restart)
# Note:  Each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are
# max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions)
# lock table slots.
#max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64	# min 10
					# (change requires restart)


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -

#array_nulls = on
#backslash_quote = safe_encoding	# on, off, or safe_encoding
#default_with_oids = off
#escape_string_warning = on
#lo_compat_privileges = off
#quote_all_identifiers = off
#sql_inheritance = on
#standard_conforming_strings = on
#synchronize_seqscans = on

# - Other Platforms and Clients -

#transform_null_equals = off


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR HANDLING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#exit_on_error = off			# terminate session on any error?
#restart_after_crash = on		# reinitialize after backend crash?


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Add settings for extensions here
	#
	# This is a MariaDB 5.5 configuration optimized for XtraDB / InnoDB
	# on a server with 64 - 96 GB of RAM and a RAID-10 consisting of 4
	# disks, running nothing else.
	#

	[client]
	port = 3306
	socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

	[mysqld]
	port = 3306
	socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
	datadir = /mnt/data/mysql

	# back_log is the number of connections the operating system can keep in
	# the listen queue, before the MariaDB connection manager thread has
	# processed them.
	back_log = 50

	# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MariaDB server will
	# allow.
	max_connections = 300

	# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
	# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
	# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
	# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
	# section [mysqld_safe]
	table_open_cache = 2048

	# The maximum size of a query packet the server can handle as well as
	# maximum query size server can process (Important when working with
	# large BLOBs). enlarged dynamically, for each connection.
	max_allowed_packet = 16M

	# Maximum allowed size for a single HEAP (in memory) table. This option
	# is a protection against the accidential creation of a very large HEAP
	# table which could otherwise use up all memory resources.
	max_heap_table_size = 64M

	# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans.
	# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
	read_buffer_size = 2M

	# When reading rows in sorted order after a sort, the rows are read
	# through this buffer to avoid disk seeks. You can improve ORDER BY
	# performance a lot, if set this to a high value.
	# Allocated per thread, when needed.
	read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

	# Sort buffer is used to perform sorts for some ORDER BY and GROUP BY
	# queries. If sorted data does not fit into the sort buffer, a disk
	# based merge sort is used instead - See the "Sort_merge_passes"
	# status variable. Allocated per thread if sort is needed.
	sort_buffer_size = 8M

	# This buffer is used for the optimization of full JOINs (JOINs without
	# indexes). Such JOINs are very bad for performance in most cases
	# anyway, but setting this variable to a large value reduces the
	# performance impact. See the "Select_full_join" status variable for a
	# count of full JOINs. Allocated per thread if full join is found
	join_buffer_size = 8M

	# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
	# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
	# more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces
	# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
	# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
	# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
	thread_cache_size = 8

	# Disable the query cache.
	query_cache_size = 0
	query_cache_type = 0

	# Table type which is used by default when creating new tables, if not
	# specified differently during the CREATE TABLE statement.
	#default-storage-engine = MYISAM
	default-storage-engine = INNODB

	# Thread stack size to use. This amount of memory is always reserved at
	# connection time. MariaDB itself usually needs no more than 64K of
	# memory, while if you use your own stack hungry UDF functions or your
	# OS requires more stack for some operations, you might need to set this
	# to a higher value.
	thread_stack = 256K

	# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
	# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
	# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
	# of them.
	tmp_table_size = 64M

	# The directory used by MySQL for storing temporary files. For example,
	# it is used to perform disk based large sorts, as well as for internal
	# and explicit temporary tables. It might be good to put it on a
	# swapfs/tmpfs filesystem, if you do not create very large temporary
	# files. Alternatively you can put it on dedicated disk. You can
	# specify multiple paths here by separating them by ";" - they will then
	# be used in a round-robin fashion.
	tmpdir = /tmp

	#*** MyISAM Specific options

	key_buffer_size = 64M
	bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
	myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
	myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
	myisam_repair_threads = 1
	myisam_recover

	# * INNODB Specific options *

	innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
	innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32G
	innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
	innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
	innodb_write_io_threads = 8
	innodb_read_io_threads = 8
	innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
	innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
	innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
	innodb_log_file_size = 2500M
	innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
	innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
	innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
	innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

	# This should be adequate for a RAID-10 array consisting of 4 SAS 15K disks.
	innodb_io_capacity = 400

	[mysqldump]
	max_allowed_packet = 16M

	[mysql]
	no-auto-rehash

	[myisamchk]
	key_buffer_size = 512M
	sort_buffer_size = 512M
	read_buffer = 8M
	write_buffer = 8M

	[mysqlhotcopy]
	interactive-timeout

	[mysqld_safe]
	open-files-limit = 8192
	# PostgreSQL Client Authentication Configuration File
	# ===================================================
	#
	# Refer to the "Client Authentication" section in the PostgreSQL
	# documentation for a complete description of this file. A short
	# synopsis follows.
	#
	# This file controls: which hosts are allowed to connect, how clients
	# are authenticated, which PostgreSQL user names they can use, which
	# databases they can access. Records take one of these forms:
	#
	# local DATABASE USER METHOD [OPTIONS]
	# host DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
	# hostssl DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
	# hostnossl DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
	#
	# (The uppercase items must be replaced by actual values.)
	#
	# The first field is the connection type: "local" is a Unix-domain
	# socket, "host" is either a plain or SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket,
	# "hostssl" is an SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket, and "hostnossl" is a
	# plain TCP/IP socket.
	#
	# DATABASE can be "all", "sameuser", "samerole", "replication", a
	# database name, or a comma-separated list thereof. The "all"
	# keyword does not match "replication". Access to replication
	# must be enabled in a separate record (see example below).
	#
	# USER can be "all", a user name, a group name prefixed with "+", or a
	# comma-separated list thereof. In both the DATABASE and USER fields
	# you can also write a file name prefixed with "@" to include names
	# from a separate file.
	#
	# ADDRESS specifies the set of hosts the record matches. It can be a
	# host name, or it is made up of an IP address and a CIDR mask that is
	# an integer (between 0 and 32 (IPv4) or 128 (IPv6) inclusive) that
	# specifies the number of significant bits in the mask. A host name
	# that starts with a dot (.) matches a suffix of the actual host name.
	# Alternatively, you can write an IP address and netmask in separate
	# columns to specify the set of hosts. Instead of a CIDR-address, you
	# can write "samehost" to match any of the server's own IP addresses,
	# or "samenet" to match any address in any subnet that the server is
	# directly connected to.
	#
	# METHOD can be "trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "gss", "sspi",
	# "krb5", "ident", "peer", "pam", "ldap", "radius" or "cert". Note that
	# "password" sends passwords in clear text; "md5" is preferred since
	# it sends encrypted passwords.
	#
	# OPTIONS are a set of options for the authentication in the format
	# NAME=VALUE. The available options depend on the different
	# authentication methods -- refer to the "Client Authentication"
	# section in the documentation for a list of which options are
	# available for which authentication methods.
	#
	# Database and user names containing spaces, commas, quotes and other
	# special characters must be quoted. Quoting one of the keywords
	# "all", "sameuser", "samerole" or "replication" makes the name lose
	# its special character, and just match a database or username with
	# that name.
	#
	# This file is read on server startup and when the postmaster receives
	# a SIGHUP signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have
	# to SIGHUP the postmaster for the changes to take effect. You can
	# use "pg_ctl reload" to do that.

	# Put your actual configuration here
	# ----------------------------------
	#
	# If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more
	# "host" records. In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL
	# listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses
	# configuration parameter, or via the -i or -h command line switches.



	# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD

	# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
	local all all trust
	# IPv4 local connections:
	host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
	# IPv6 local connections:
	host all all ::1/128 trust

	host all all 10.0.0.0/8 trust
	host all all fd00::/16 trust

	# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
	# replication privilege.
	#local replication postgres peer
	#host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 ident
	#host replication postgres ::1/128 ident
	#
	# This is a PostgreSQL 9.2 configuration optimized for a server with
	# 96 GB of RAM and a RAID-10 consisting of 4 disks, running nothing else.
	#

	# -----------------------------
	# PostgreSQL configuration file
	# -----------------------------
	#
	# This file consists of lines of the form:
	#
	# name = value
	#
	# (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with
	# "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed
	# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
	#
	# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
	# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
	# you need to reload the server.
	#
	# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
	# signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
	# server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some
	# parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to
	# take effect.
	#
	# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
	# "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time
	# with the "SET" SQL command.
	#
	# Memory units: kB = kilobytes Time units: ms = milliseconds
	# MB = megabytes s = seconds
	# GB = gigabytes min = minutes
	# h = hours
	# d = days


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# FILE LOCATIONS
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
	# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.

	#data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory
	# (change requires restart)
	#hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file
	# (change requires restart)
	#ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
	# (change requires restart)

	# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
	#external_pid_file = '' # write an extra PID file
	# (change requires restart)


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# - Connection Settings -

	listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
	# comma-separated list of addresses;
	# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
	# (change requires restart)
	#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
	max_connections = 300 # (change requires restart)
	# Note: Increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per
	# connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
	#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
	#unix_socket_directory = '' # (change requires restart)
	#unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
	#unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
	# (change requires restart)
	#bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour
	# (change requires restart)
	#bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
	# (change requires restart)

	# - Security and Authentication -

	#authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
	#ssl = off # (change requires restart)
	#ssl_ciphers = 'ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH' # allowed SSL ciphers
	# (change requires restart)
	#ssl_renegotiation_limit = 512MB # amount of data between renegotiations
	#ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt' # (change requires restart)
	#ssl_key_file = 'server.key' # (change requires restart)
	#ssl_ca_file = '' # (change requires restart)
	#ssl_crl_file = '' # (change requires restart)
	#password_encryption = on
	#db_user_namespace = off

	# Kerberos and GSSAPI
	#krb_server_keyfile = ''
	#krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (Kerberos only)
	#krb_caseins_users = off

	# - TCP Keepalives -
	# see "man 7 tcp" for details

	#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
	# 0 selects the system default
	#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
	# 0 selects the system default
	#tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
	# 0 selects the system default


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# - Memory -

	shared_buffers = 32GB # min 128kB
	# (change requires restart)
	#temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
	#max_prepared_transactions = 0 # zero disables the feature
	# (change requires restart)
	# Note: Increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory
	# per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
	# It is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless you
	# actively intend to use prepared transactions.
	work_mem = 16MB # min 64kB
	maintenance_work_mem = 256MB # min 1MB
	#max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB

	# - Disk -

	#temp_file_limit = -1 # limits per-session temp file space
	# in kB, or -1 for no limit

	# - Kernel Resource Usage -

	#max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25
	# (change requires restart)
	#shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart)

	# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -

	#vacuum_cost_delay = 0ms # 0-100 milliseconds
	#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits
	#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits
	#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
	#vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits

	# - Background Writer -

	#bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
	#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round
	#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round

	# - Asynchronous Behavior -

	effective_io_concurrency = 4 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# WRITE AHEAD LOG
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# - Settings -

	#wal_level = minimal # minimal, archive, or hot_standby
	# (change requires restart)
	#fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off
	synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level;
	# off, local, remote_write, or on
	#wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option
	# supported by the operating system:
	# open_datasync
	# fdatasync (default on Linux)
	# fsync
	# fsync_writethrough
	# open_sync
	#full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
	#wal_buffers = -1 # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
	# (change requires restart)
	#wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds

	#commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds
	#commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000

	# - Checkpoints -

	checkpoint_segments = 128 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each
	checkpoint_timeout = 15min # range 30s-1h
	checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
	#checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables

	# - Archiving -

	#archive_mode = off # allows archiving to be done
	# (change requires restart)
	#archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
	# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
	# %f = file name only
	# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
	#archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this
	# number of seconds; 0 disables


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# REPLICATION
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# - Sending Server(s) -

	# Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.

	#max_wal_senders = 0 # max number of walsender processes
	# (change requires restart)
	#wal_keep_segments = 0 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
	#replication_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables

	# - Master Server -

	# These settings are ignored on a standby server.

	#synchronous_standby_names = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep
	# comma-separated list of application_name
	# from standby(s); '*' = all
	#vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed

	# - Standby Servers -

	# These settings are ignored on a master server.

	#hot_standby = off # "on" allows queries during recovery
	# (change requires restart)
	#max_standby_archive_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
	# when reading WAL from archive;
	# -1 allows indefinite delay
	#max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
	# when reading streaming WAL;
	# -1 allows indefinite delay
	#wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often
	# 0 disables
	#hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent
	# query conflicts


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# QUERY TUNING
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# - Planner Method Configuration -

	#enable_bitmapscan = on
	#enable_hashagg = on
	#enable_hashjoin = on
	#enable_indexscan = on
	#enable_indexonlyscan = on
	#enable_material = on
	#enable_mergejoin = on
	#enable_nestloop = on
	#enable_seqscan = on
	#enable_sort = on
	#enable_tidscan = on

	# - Planner Cost Constants -

	#seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale
	#random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above
	#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above
	#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above
	#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above
	effective_cache_size = 60GB

	# - Genetic Query Optimizer -

	#geqo = on
	#geqo_threshold = 12
	#geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10
	#geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort
	#geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort
	#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0
	#geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0

	# - Other Planner Options -

	#default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000
	#constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition
	#cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0
	#from_collapse_limit = 8
	#join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
	# JOIN clauses


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# - Where to Log -

	log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
	# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
	# depending on platform. csvlog
	# requires logging_collector to be on.

	# This is used when logging to stderr:
	logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
	# into log files. Required to be on for
	# csvlogs.
	# (change requires restart)

	# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
	log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
	# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
	log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log' # log file name pattern,
	# can include strftime() escapes
	#log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
	# begin with 0 to use octal notation
	log_truncate_on_rotation = on # If on, an existing log file with the
	# same name as the new log file will be
	# truncated rather than appended to.
	# But such truncation only occurs on
	# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
	# or size-driven rotation. Default is
	# off, meaning append to existing files
	# in all cases.
	log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
	# happen after that time. 0 disables.
	log_rotation_size = 0 # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
	# happen after that much log output.
	# 0 disables.

	# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
	#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
	#syslog_ident = 'postgres'

	# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
	#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'

	# - When to Log -

	#client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
	# debug5
	# debug4
	# debug3
	# debug2
	# debug1
	# log
	# notice
	# warning
	# error

	#log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail:
	# debug5
	# debug4
	# debug3
	# debug2
	# debug1
	# info
	# notice
	# warning
	# error
	# log
	# fatal
	# panic

	#log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:
	# debug5
	# debug4
	# debug3
	# debug2
	# debug1
	# info
	# notice
	# warning
	# error
	# log
	# fatal
	# panic (effectively off)

	#log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
	# and their durations, > 0 logs only
	# statements running at least this number
	# of milliseconds


	# - What to Log -

	#debug_print_parse = off
	#debug_print_rewritten = off
	#debug_print_plan = off
	#debug_pretty_print = on
	#log_checkpoints = off
	#log_connections = off
	#log_disconnections = off
	#log_duration = off
	#log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
	#log_hostname = off
	#log_line_prefix = '' # special values:
	# %a = application name
	# %u = user name
	# %d = database name
	# %r = remote host and port
	# %h = remote host
	# %p = process ID
	# %t = timestamp without milliseconds
	# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
	# %i = command tag
	# %e = SQL state
	# %c = session ID
	# %l = session line number
	# %s = session start timestamp
	# %v = virtual transaction ID
	# %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
	# %q = stop here in non-session
	# processes
	# %% = '%'
	# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
	#log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
	#log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all
	#log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
	# than the specified size in kilobytes;
	# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
	log_timezone = 'Japan'


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# RUNTIME STATISTICS
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# - Query/Index Statistics Collector -

	#track_activities = on
	#track_counts = on
	#track_io_timing = off
	#track_functions = none # none, pl, all
	#track_activity_query_size = 1024 # (change requires restart)
	#update_process_title = on
	#stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'


	# - Statistics Monitoring -

	#log_parser_stats = off
	#log_planner_stats = off
	#log_executor_stats = off
	#log_statement_stats = off


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	#autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'
	# requires track_counts to also be on.
	#log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
	# their durations, > 0 logs only
	# actions running at least this number
	# of milliseconds.
	#autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
	# (change requires restart)
	#autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs
	#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
	# vacuum
	#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
	# analyze
	#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum
	#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze
	#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
	# (change requires restart)
	#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20ms # default vacuum cost delay for
	# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
	# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
	#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
	# autovacuum, -1 means use
	# vacuum_cost_limit


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# - Statement Behavior -

	#search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names
	#default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
	#temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
	# only default tablespace
	#check_function_bodies = on
	#default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
	#default_transaction_read_only = off
	#default_transaction_deferrable = off
	#session_replication_role = 'origin'
	#statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
	#vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
	#vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
	#bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape
	#xmlbinary = 'base64'
	#xmloption = 'content'

	# - Locale and Formatting -

	datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
	#intervalstyle = 'postgres'
	timezone = 'Japan'
	#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
	# abbreviations. Currently, there are
	# Default
	# Australia
	# India
	# You can create your own file in
	# share/timezonesets/.
	#extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 3
	#client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
	# encoding

	# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
	lc_messages = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for system error message
	# strings
	lc_monetary = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for monetary formatting
	lc_numeric = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for number formatting
	lc_time = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for time formatting

	# default configuration for text search
	default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'

	# - Other Defaults -

	#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
	#local_preload_libraries = ''


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# LOCK MANAGEMENT
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	#deadlock_timeout = 1s
	#max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
	# (change requires restart)
	# Note: Each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are
	# max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions)
	# lock table slots.
	#max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
	# (change requires restart)


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -

	#array_nulls = on
	#backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding
	#default_with_oids = off
	#escape_string_warning = on
	#lo_compat_privileges = off
	#quote_all_identifiers = off
	#sql_inheritance = on
	#standard_conforming_strings = on
	#synchronize_seqscans = on

	# - Other Platforms and Clients -

	#transform_null_equals = off


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# ERROR HANDLING
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	#exit_on_error = off # terminate session on any error?
	#restart_after_crash = on # reinitialize after backend crash?


	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
	#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# Add settings for extensions here