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pjox/saturn.pretty.wat

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Common Crawl format example for https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn
Raw
saturn.pretty.wat
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"title": "A list of edits made from this IP address [y]",
"text": "Contributions"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Special:MyTalk",
"title": "Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]",
"text": "Talk"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#",
"text": "(Top)"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Name_and_symbol",
"text": "1Name and symbol"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Physical_characteristics",
"text": "2Physical characteristics"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Internal_structure",
"text": "2.1Internal structure"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Atmosphere",
"text": "2.2Atmosphere"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Cloud_layers",
"text": "2.2.1Cloud layers"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Hexagonal_cloud_patterns",
"text": "2.2.2Hexagonal cloud patterns"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Magnetosphere",
"text": "2.3Magnetosphere"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Orbit_and_rotation",
"text": "3Orbit and rotation"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Natural_satellites",
"text": "4Natural satellites"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Planetary_rings",
"text": "5Planetary rings"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#History_of_observation_and_exploration",
"text": "6History of observation and exploration"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Pre-telescopic_observation",
"text": "6.1Pre-telescopic observation"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Telescopic_pre-spaceflight_observations",
"text": "6.2Telescopic pre-spaceflight observations"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Spaceflight_missions",
"text": "6.3Spaceflight missions"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Pioneer_11_flyby",
"text": "6.3.1Pioneer 11 flyby"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Voyager_flybys",
"text": "6.3.2Voyager flybys"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Cassini–Huygens_spacecraft",
"text": "6.3.3Cassini–Huygens spacecraft"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Possible_future_missions",
"text": "6.3.4Possible future missions"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Observation",
"text": "7Observation"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#See_also",
"text": "8See also"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Notes",
"text": "9Notes"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#References",
"text": "10References"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#Further_reading",
"text": "11Further reading"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#External_links",
"text": "12External links"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Afrikaans",
"hreflang": "af",
"text": "Afrikaans"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)",
"title": "Saturn (Planet) – Alemannic",
"hreflang": "gsw",
"text": "Alemannisch"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%85%E1%8D%88%E1%8B%B5",
"title": "ማህፈድ – Amharic",
"hreflang": "am",
"text": "አማርኛ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Inari Sami",
"hreflang": "smn",
"text": "Anarâškielâ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF",
"title": "शनि – Angika",
"hreflang": "anp",
"text": "अंगिका"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A6tern_(tungol)",
"title": "Sætern (tungol) – Old English",
"hreflang": "ang",
"text": "Ænglisc"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84",
"title": "زحل – Arabic",
"hreflang": "ar",
"text": "العربية"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturno (planeta) – Aragonese",
"hreflang": "an",
"text": "Aragonés"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Aromanian",
"hreflang": "rup",
"text": "Armãneashti"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(plan%C3%A8ta)",
"title": "Saturno (planèta) – Arpitan",
"hreflang": "frp",
"text": "Arpetan"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B9",
"title": "শনি গ্ৰহ – Assamese",
"hreflang": "as",
"text": "অসমীয়া"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturnu (planeta) – Asturian",
"hreflang": "ast",
"text": "Asturianu"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9",
"title": "शनि ग्रह – Awadhi",
"hreflang": "awa",
"text": "अवधी"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BAyno",
"title": "Satúyno – Guarani",
"hreflang": "gn",
"text": "Avañe'ẽ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)",
"title": "Saturn (planet) – Azerbaijani",
"hreflang": "az",
"text": "Azərbaycanca"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%84",
"title": "زوحل – South Azerbaijani",
"hreflang": "azb",
"text": "تۆرکجه"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Balinese",
"hreflang": "ban",
"text": "Basa Bali"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9",
"title": "শনি গ্রহ – Bangla",
"hreflang": "bn",
"text": "বাংলা"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Banjar",
"hreflang": "bjn",
"text": "Banjar"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-chhe%E2%81%BF",
"title": "Thó͘-chheⁿ – Min Nan Chinese",
"hreflang": "nan",
"text": "Bân-lâm-gú"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Basa Banyumasan",
"hreflang": "jv-x-bms",
"text": "Basa Banyumasan"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)",
"title": "Сатурн (планета) – Bashkir",
"hreflang": "ba",
"text": "Башҡортса"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)",
"title": "Сатурн (планета) – Belarusian",
"hreflang": "be",
"text": "Беларуская"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)",
"hreflang": "be-tarask",
"text": "Беларуская (тарашкевіца)"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9",
"title": "शनि ग्रह – Bhojpuri",
"hreflang": "bh",
"text": "भोजपुरी"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno",
"title": "Saturno – Central Bikol",
"hreflang": "bcl",
"text": "Bikol Central"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)",
"title": "Сатурн (планета) – Bulgarian",
"hreflang": "bg",
"text": "Български"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)",
"title": "Saturn (Planet) – Bavarian",
"hreflang": "bar",
"text": "Boarisch"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D",
"title": "སྤེན་པ། – Tibetan",
"hreflang": "bo",
"text": "བོད་ཡིག"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Bosnian",
"hreflang": "bs",
"text": "Bosanski"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadorn_(planedenn)",
"title": "Sadorn (planedenn) – Breton",
"hreflang": "br",
"text": "Brezhoneg"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3)",
"title": "Бимба (гараг) – Russia Buriat",
"hreflang": "bxr",
"text": "Буряад"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturn (planeta) – Catalan",
"hreflang": "ca",
"text": "Català"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Chuvash",
"hreflang": "cv",
"text": "Чӑвашла"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturno (planeta) – Cebuano",
"hreflang": "ceb",
"text": "Cebuano"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturn (planeta) – Czech",
"hreflang": "cs",
"text": "Čeština"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirema_(chindeya)",
"title": "Chirema (chindeya) – Shona",
"hreflang": "sn",
"text": "ChiShona"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanya_la_Mlisko",
"title": "Chanya la Mlisko – Tumbuka",
"hreflang": "tum",
"text": "ChiTumbuka"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu",
"title": "Saturnu – Corsican",
"hreflang": "co",
"text": "Corsu"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadwrn_(planed)",
"title": "Sadwrn (planed) – Welsh",
"hreflang": "cy",
"text": "Cymraeg"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Danish",
"hreflang": "da",
"text": "Dansk"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86",
"title": "ساتورن – Moroccan Arabic",
"hreflang": "ary",
"text": "الدارجة"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Northern Sami",
"hreflang": "se",
"text": "Davvisámegiella"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)",
"title": "Saturn (Planet) – German",
"hreflang": "de",
"text": "Deutsch"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9etin",
"title": "Séetin – Navajo",
"hreflang": "nv",
"text": "Diné bizaad"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)",
"title": "Saturn (planet) – Lower Sorbian",
"hreflang": "dsb",
"text": "Dolnoserbski"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9",
"title": "शनिग्रह – Doteli",
"hreflang": "dty",
"text": "डोटेली"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94",
"title": "སྤེན་པ – Dzongkha",
"hreflang": "dz",
"text": "ཇོང་ཁ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Estonian",
"hreflang": "et",
"text": "Eesti"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)",
"title": "Κρόνος (πλανήτης) – Greek",
"hreflang": "el",
"text": "Ελληνικά"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BBren",
"title": "Satûren – Emiliano-Romagnolo",
"hreflang": "egl",
"text": "Emiliàn e rumagnòl"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturno (planeta) – Spanish",
"hreflang": "es",
"text": "Español"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planedo)",
"title": "Saturno (planedo) – Esperanto",
"hreflang": "eo",
"text": "Esperanto"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(praneta)",
"title": "Saturnu (praneta) – Extremaduran",
"hreflang": "ext",
"text": "Estremeñu"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno",
"title": "Saturno – Basque",
"hreflang": "eu",
"text": "Euskara"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84)",
"title": "کیوان (زحل) – Persian",
"hreflang": "fa",
"text": "فارسی"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanigrah",
"title": "Sanigrah – Fiji Hindi",
"hreflang": "hif",
"text": "Fiji Hindi"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Faroese",
"hreflang": "fo",
"text": "Føroyskt"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne_(plan%C3%A8te)",
"title": "Saturne (planète) – French",
"hreflang": "fr",
"text": "Français"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Western Frisian",
"hreflang": "fy",
"text": "Frysk"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satarn_(pl%C3%A1in%C3%A9ad)",
"title": "Satarn (pláinéad) – Irish",
"hreflang": "ga",
"text": "Gaeilge"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarn_(planaid)",
"title": "Sarn (planaid) – Manx",
"hreflang": "gv",
"text": "Gaelg"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satarn",
"title": "Satarn – Scottish Gaelic",
"hreflang": "gd",
"text": "Gàidhlig"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno",
"title": "Saturno – Galician",
"hreflang": "gl",
"text": "Galego"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F",
"title": "土星 – Gan Chinese",
"hreflang": "gan",
"text": "贛語"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A4%D8%AD%D9%84",
"title": "زؤحل – Gilaki",
"hreflang": "glk",
"text": "گیلکی"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF_(%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B9)",
"title": "શનિ (ગ્રહ) – Gujarati",
"hreflang": "gu",
"text": "ગુજરાતી"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Gun",
"hreflang": "guw",
"text": "Gungbe"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA-s%C3%AAn",
"title": "Thú-sên – Hakka Chinese",
"hreflang": "hak",
"text": "客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3",
"title": "Сатурн һариг – Kalmyk",
"hreflang": "xal",
"text": "Хальмг"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B1",
"title": "토성 – Korean",
"hreflang": "ko",
"text": "한국어"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makulu",
"title": "Makulu – Hawaiian",
"hreflang": "haw",
"text": "Hawaiʻi"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B6_(%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF)",
"title": "Սատուրն (մոլորակ) – Armenian",
"hreflang": "hy",
"text": "Հայերեն"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_(%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)",
"title": "शनि (ग्रह) – Hindi",
"hreflang": "hi",
"text": "हिन्दी"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Upper Sorbian",
"hreflang": "hsb",
"text": "Hornjoserbsce"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Croatian",
"hreflang": "hr",
"text": "Hrvatski"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno",
"title": "Saturno – Ido",
"hreflang": "io",
"text": "Ido"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno",
"title": "Saturno – Iloko",
"hreflang": "ilo",
"text": "Ilokano"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Indonesian",
"hreflang": "id",
"text": "Bahasa Indonesia"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturno (planeta) – Interlingua",
"hreflang": "ia",
"text": "Interlingua"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Interlingue",
"hreflang": "ie",
"text": "Interlingue"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%C3%A6)",
"title": "Сатурн (планетæ) – Ossetic",
"hreflang": "os",
"text": "Ирон"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISaturn_(i-astronomy)",
"title": "ISaturn (i-astronomy) – Xhosa",
"hreflang": "xh",
"text": "IsiXhosa"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNomaxhama",
"title": "UNomaxhama – Zulu",
"hreflang": "zu",
"text": "IsiZulu"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BArnus_(reikistjarna)",
"title": "Satúrnus (reikistjarna) – Icelandic",
"hreflang": "is",
"text": "Íslenska"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(astronomia)",
"title": "Saturno (astronomia) – Italian",
"hreflang": "it",
"text": "Italiano"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99",
"title": "שבתאי – Hebrew",
"hreflang": "he",
"text": "עברית"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Javanese",
"hreflang": "jv",
"text": "Jawa"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satirini",
"title": "Satirini – Kabiye",
"hreflang": "kbp",
"text": "Kabɩyɛ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_(%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B9)",
"title": "ಶನಿ (ಗ್ರಹ) – Kannada",
"hreflang": "kn",
"text": "ಕನ್ನಡ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu",
"title": "Saturnu – Pampanga",
"hreflang": "pam",
"text": "Kapampangan"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98",
"title": "სატურნი – Georgian",
"hreflang": "ka",
"text": "ქართული"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%86",
"title": "شێن – Kashmiri",
"hreflang": "ks",
"text": "कॉशुर / کٲشُر"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturna",
"title": "Saturna – Kashubian",
"hreflang": "csb",
"text": "Kaszëbsczi"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Kazakh",
"hreflang": "kk",
"text": "Қазақша"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadorn_(planet)",
"title": "Sadorn (planet) – Cornish",
"hreflang": "kw",
"text": "Kernowek"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zohali",
"title": "Zohali – Swahili",
"hreflang": "sw",
"text": "Kiswahili"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Komi",
"hreflang": "kv",
"text": "Коми"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne",
"title": "Saturne – Kongo",
"hreflang": "kg",
"text": "Kongo"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satin_(plan%C3%A8t)",
"title": "Satin (planèt) – Haitian Creole",
"hreflang": "ht",
"text": "Kreyòl ayisyen"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satirn_(plan%C3%A8t)",
"title": "Satirn (planèt) – Guianan Creole",
"hreflang": "gcr",
"text": "Kriyòl gwiyannen"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keywan",
"title": "Keywan – Kurdish",
"hreflang": "ku",
"text": "Kurdî"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Kyrgyz",
"hreflang": "ky",
"text": "Кыргызча"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Ladin",
"hreflang": "lld",
"text": "Ladin"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2",
"title": "ດາວເສົາ – Lao",
"hreflang": "lo",
"text": "ລາວ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturnus (planeta) – Latin",
"hreflang": "la",
"text": "Latina"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturns_(plan%C4%93ta)",
"title": "Saturns (planēta) – Latvian",
"hreflang": "lv",
"text": "Latviešu"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Plan%C3%A9it)",
"title": "Saturn (Planéit) – Luxembourgish",
"hreflang": "lb",
"text": "Lëtzebuergesch"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Lezghian",
"hreflang": "lez",
"text": "Лезги"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnas",
"title": "Saturnas – Lithuanian",
"hreflang": "lt",
"text": "Lietuvių"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BBrno_(astronomia)",
"title": "Satûrno (astronomia) – Ligurian",
"hreflang": "lij",
"text": "Ligure"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeet)",
"title": "Saturnus (planeet) – Limburgish",
"hreflang": "li",
"text": "Limburgs"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satun%C3%A9",
"title": "Satuné – Lingala",
"hreflang": "ln",
"text": "Lingála"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno",
"title": "Saturno – Lingua Franca Nova",
"hreflang": "lfn",
"text": "Lingua Franca Nova"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Livvi-Karelian",
"hreflang": "olo",
"text": "Livvinkarjala"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/saturn",
"title": "saturn – Lojban",
"hreflang": "jbo",
"text": "La .lojban."
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(pianeta)",
"title": "Saturno (pianeta) – Lombard",
"hreflang": "lmo",
"text": "Lombard"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szaturnusz",
"title": "Szaturnusz – Hungarian",
"hreflang": "hu",
"text": "Magyar"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)",
"title": "Сатурн (планета) – Macedonian",
"hreflang": "mk",
"text": "Македонски"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satorina",
"title": "Satorina – Malagasy",
"hreflang": "mg",
"text": "Malagasy"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF",
"title": "ശനി – Malayalam",
"hreflang": "ml",
"text": "മലയാളം"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(pjaneta)",
"title": "Saturnu (pjaneta) – Maltese",
"hreflang": "mt",
"text": "Malti"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9",
"title": "शनी ग्रह – Marathi",
"hreflang": "mr",
"text": "मराठी"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90)",
"title": "მარსქული (პლანეტა) – Mingrelian",
"hreflang": "xmf",
"text": "მარგალური"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84",
"title": "زحل – Egyptian Arabic",
"hreflang": "arz",
"text": "مصرى"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84",
"title": "زحل – Mazanderani",
"hreflang": "mzn",
"text": "مازِرونی"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuhal",
"title": "Zuhal – Malay",
"hreflang": "ms",
"text": "Bahasa Melayu"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4",
"title": "ꯊꯥꯡꯆ ꯊꯄꯤ – Manipuri",
"hreflang": "mni",
"text": "ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Minangkabau",
"hreflang": "min",
"text": "Minangkabau"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AB-s%C4%ADng",
"title": "Tū-sĭng – Min Dong Chinese",
"hreflang": "cdo",
"text": "閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno",
"title": "Saturno – Mirandese",
"hreflang": "mwl",
"text": "Mirandés"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)",
"title": "Сатурн (шары тяште) – Moksha",
"hreflang": "mdf",
"text": "Мокшень"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80",
"title": "Санчир – Mongolian",
"hreflang": "mn",
"text": "Монгол"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA",
"title": "စနေဂြိုဟ် – Burmese",
"hreflang": "my",
"text": "မြန်မာဘာသာ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitzimic%C4%ABtlalli",
"title": "Tzitzimicītlalli – Nāhuatl",
"hreflang": "nah",
"text": "Nāhuatl"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Fijian",
"hreflang": "fj",
"text": "Na Vosa Vakaviti"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeet)",
"title": "Saturnus (planeet) – Dutch",
"hreflang": "nl",
"text": "Nederlands"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeet)",
"title": "Saturnus (planeet) – Low Saxon",
"hreflang": "nds-NL",
"text": "Nedersaksies"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8B%E1%90%A7%E1%90%83%E1%90%A7%E1%94%A6%E1%94%A6%E1%91%AD%E1%93%87%E1%91%96%E1%95%81",
"title": "ᐋᐧᐃᐧᔦᔦᑭᓇᑖᕁ – Cree",
"hreflang": "cr",
"text": "Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9",
"title": "शनिग्रह – Nepali",
"hreflang": "ne",
"text": "नेपाली"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81",
"title": "संनगु – Newari",
"hreflang": "new",
"text": "नेपाल भाषा"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F",
"title": "土星 – Japanese",
"hreflang": "ja",
"text": "日本語"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno",
"title": "Saturno – Neapolitan",
"hreflang": "nap",
"text": "Napulitano"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%98%DF%8C%DF%B2%DF%AC%DF%95%DF%8C%DF%AE",
"title": "ߞߌ߬ߘߌ߲߬ߕߌ߮ – N’Ko",
"hreflang": "nqo",
"text": "ߒߞߏ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Chechen",
"hreflang": "ce",
"text": "Нохчийн"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Northern Frisian",
"hreflang": "frr",
"text": "Nordfriisk"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Norwegian Bokmål",
"hreflang": "nb",
"text": "Norsk bokmål"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeten_Saturn",
"title": "Planeten Saturn – Norwegian Nynorsk",
"hreflang": "nn",
"text": "Norsk nynorsk"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne_(planete)",
"title": "Saturne (planete) – Novial",
"hreflang": "nov",
"text": "Novial"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturne (planeta) – Occitan",
"hreflang": "oc",
"text": "Occitan"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF",
"title": "ଶନି – Odia",
"hreflang": "or",
"text": "ଓଡ଼ିଆ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafqubeellaa",
"title": "Lafqubeellaa – Oromo",
"hreflang": "om",
"text": "Oromoo"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Uzbek",
"hreflang": "uz",
"text": "Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF)",
"title": "ਸ਼ਨੀ (ਗ੍ਰਹਿ) – Punjabi",
"hreflang": "pa",
"text": "ਪੰਜਾਬੀ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84",
"title": "زحل – Western Punjabi",
"hreflang": "pnb",
"text": "پنجابی"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84",
"title": "زحل – Pashto",
"hreflang": "ps",
"text": "پښتو"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoern",
"title": "Satoern – Jamaican Creole English",
"hreflang": "jam",
"text": "Patois"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%8D",
"title": "ភពសៅរ៍ – Khmer",
"hreflang": "km",
"text": "ភាសាខ្មែរ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(pianeta)",
"title": "Saturn (pianeta) – Piedmontese",
"hreflang": "pms",
"text": "Piemontèis"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)",
"title": "Saturn (Planet) – Low German",
"hreflang": "nds",
"text": "Plattdüütsch"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Polish",
"hreflang": "pl",
"text": "Polski"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturno (planeta) – Portuguese",
"hreflang": "pt",
"text": "Português"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturn (planeta) – Kara-Kalpak",
"hreflang": "kaa",
"text": "Qaraqalpaqsha"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zual",
"title": "Zual – Crimean Tatar",
"hreflang": "crh",
"text": "Qırımtatarca"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Colognian",
"hreflang": "ksh",
"text": "Ripoarisch"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Romanian",
"hreflang": "ro",
"text": "Română"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shani",
"title": "Shani – Vlax Romani",
"hreflang": "rmy",
"text": "Romani čhib"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)",
"title": "Saturn (planet) – Romansh",
"hreflang": "rm",
"text": "Rumantsch"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawcha",
"title": "Hawcha – Quechua",
"hreflang": "qu",
"text": "Runa Simi"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Rusyn",
"hreflang": "rue",
"text": "Русиньскый"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Russian",
"hreflang": "ru",
"text": "Русский"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Yakut",
"hreflang": "sah",
"text": "Саха тыла"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83",
"title": "शनिः – Sanskrit",
"hreflang": "sa",
"text": "संस्कृतम्"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E",
"title": "ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ – Santali",
"hreflang": "sat",
"text": "ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(praneta)",
"title": "Saturnu (praneta) – Sardinian",
"hreflang": "sc",
"text": "Sardu"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Scots",
"hreflang": "sco",
"text": "Scots"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Saterland Frisian",
"hreflang": "stq",
"text": "Seeltersk"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturni",
"title": "Saturni – Albanian",
"hreflang": "sq",
"text": "Shqip"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(pianeta)",
"title": "Saturnu (pianeta) – Sicilian",
"hreflang": "scn",
"text": "Sicilianu"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%80",
"title": "සෙනසුරු ග්‍රහලොව – Sinhala",
"hreflang": "si",
"text": "සිංහල"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Simple English",
"hreflang": "en-simple",
"text": "Simple English"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84",
"title": "زحل – Sindhi",
"hreflang": "sd",
"text": "سنڌي"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Slovak",
"hreflang": "sk",
"text": "Slovenčina"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Slovenian",
"hreflang": "sl",
"text": "Slovenščina"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A",
"title": "Кронъ – Church Slavic",
"hreflang": "cu",
"text": "Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Silesian",
"hreflang": "szl",
"text": "Ślůnski"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raage",
"title": "Raage – Somali",
"hreflang": "so",
"text": "Soomaaliga"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86",
"title": "کەیوان – Central Kurdish",
"hreflang": "ckb",
"text": "کوردی"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Serbian",
"hreflang": "sr",
"text": "Српски / srpski"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Serbo-Croatian",
"hreflang": "sh",
"text": "Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Sundanese",
"hreflang": "su",
"text": "Sunda"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Finnish",
"hreflang": "fi",
"text": "Suomi"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus",
"title": "Saturnus – Swedish",
"hreflang": "sv",
"text": "Svenska"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturno (planeta) – Tagalog",
"hreflang": "tl",
"text": "Tagalog"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)",
"title": "சனி (கோள்) – Tamil",
"hreflang": "ta",
"text": "தமிழ்"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Tachelhit",
"hreflang": "shi",
"text": "Taclḥit"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)",
"title": "Сатурн (планета) – Tatar",
"hreflang": "tt",
"text": "Татарча / tatarça"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%82",
"title": "శని గ్రహం – Telugu",
"hreflang": "te",
"text": "తెలుగు"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(planeta)",
"title": "Saturnu (planeta) – Tetum",
"hreflang": "tet",
"text": "Tetun"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C",
"title": "ดาวเสาร์ – Thai",
"hreflang": "th",
"text": "ไทย"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB",
"title": "Зуҳал – Tajik",
"hreflang": "tg",
"text": "Тоҷикӣ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8C%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%82",
"title": "ᏌᏓᏂ – Cherokee",
"hreflang": "chr",
"text": "ᏣᎳᎩ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BCrn",
"title": "Satürn – Turkish",
"hreflang": "tr",
"text": "Türkçe"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Turkmen",
"hreflang": "tk",
"text": "Türkmençe"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satun",
"title": "Satun – Tyap",
"hreflang": "kcg",
"text": "Tyap"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD",
"title": "Сатурн – Tuvinian",
"hreflang": "tyv",
"text": "Тыва дыл"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)",
"title": "Сатурн (планета) – Ukrainian",
"hreflang": "uk",
"text": "Українська"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84",
"title": "زحل – Urdu",
"hreflang": "ur",
"text": "اردو"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%86",
"title": "ساتۇرن – Uyghur",
"hreflang": "ug",
"text": "ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndaundeiqnamh",
"title": "Ndaundeiqnamh – Zhuang",
"hreflang": "za",
"text": "Vahcuengh"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(astronomia)",
"title": "Saturno (astronomia) – Venetian",
"hreflang": "vec",
"text": "Vèneto"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Veps",
"hreflang": "vep",
"text": "Vepsän kel’"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao_Th%E1%BB%95",
"title": "Sao Thổ – Vietnamese",
"hreflang": "vi",
"text": "Tiếng Việt"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Volapük",
"hreflang": "vo",
"text": "Volapük"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Võro",
"hreflang": "vro",
"text": "Võro"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BBne_(planete)",
"title": "Satûne (planete) – Walloon",
"hreflang": "wa",
"text": "Walon"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%AE%E6%98%9F",
"title": "鎮星 – Literary Chinese",
"hreflang": "lzh",
"text": "文言"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planete)",
"title": "Saturnus (planete) – West Flemish",
"hreflang": "vls",
"text": "West-Vlams"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno",
"title": "Saturno – Waray",
"hreflang": "war",
"text": "Winaray"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F",
"title": "土星 – Wu Chinese",
"hreflang": "wuu",
"text": "吴语"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F",
"title": "סאטורן – Yiddish",
"hreflang": "yi",
"text": "ייִדיש"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1t%C3%BArn%C3%B9",
"title": "Sátúrnù – Yoruba",
"hreflang": "yo",
"text": "Yorùbá"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F",
"title": "土星 – Cantonese",
"hreflang": "yue",
"text": "粵語"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "Saturn – Zazaki",
"hreflang": "diq",
"text": "Zazaki"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planete)",
"title": "Saturnus (planete) – Zeelandic",
"hreflang": "zea",
"text": "Zeêuws"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satorns",
"title": "Satorns – Samogitian",
"hreflang": "sgs",
"text": "Žemaitėška"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F",
"title": "土星 – Chinese",
"hreflang": "zh",
"text": "中文"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193#sitelinks-wikipedia",
"title": "Edit interlanguage links",
"text": "Edit links"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturn",
"title": "View the content page [c]",
"text": "Article"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Talk:Saturn",
"title": "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]",
"rel": "discussion",
"text": "Talk"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturn",
"text": "Read"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit",
"title": "This page is protected.\nYou can view its source [e]",
"text": "View source"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=history",
"title": "Past revisions of this page [h]",
"text": "View history"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturn",
"text": "Read"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit",
"text": "View source"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=history",
"text": "View history"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Saturn",
"title": "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]",
"text": "What links here"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Saturn",
"title": "Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]",
"rel": "nofollow",
"text": "Related changes"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard",
"title": "Upload files [u]",
"text": "Upload file"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Special:SpecialPages",
"title": "A list of all special pages [q]",
"text": "Special pages"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/w/index.php?title=Saturn&oldid=1174143867",
"title": "Permanent link to this revision of this page",
"text": "Permanent link"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=info",
"title": "More information about this page",
"text": "Page information"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSaturn",
"text": "Get shortened URL"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Saturn&id=1174143867&wpFormIdentifier=titleform",
"title": "Information on how to cite this page",
"text": "Cite this page"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193",
"title": "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]",
"text": "Wikidata item"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Saturn&action=show-download-screen",
"title": "Download this page as a PDF file",
"text": "Download as PDF"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/w/index.php?title=Saturn&printable=yes",
"title": "Printable version of this page [p]",
"text": "Printable version"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Saturn",
"hreflang": "en",
"text": "Wikimedia Commons"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Solar_System/Saturn",
"hreflang": "en",
"text": "Wikibooks"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Saturn",
"hreflang": "en",
"text": "Wikiquote"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Astronomy/Saturn",
"hreflang": "en",
"text": "Wikisource"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Gases/Gaseous_objects/Saturn",
"hreflang": "en",
"text": "Wikiversity"
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
"url": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png",
"alt": "Featured article"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles",
"title": "This is a featured article. Click here for more information."
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
"url": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png",
"alt": "Page semi-protected"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi",
"title": "This article is semi-protected."
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
"url": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png",
"alt": "Listen to this article"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/File:Saturn.ogg",
"title": "Listen to this article"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)",
"title": "Saturn (mythology)",
"text": "Saturn (mythology)"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturn_(disambiguation)",
"title": "Saturn (disambiguation)",
"text": "Saturn (disambiguation)"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Planet#History",
"title": "Planet",
"text": "Planet § History"
},
{
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"url": "/wiki/File:Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Equinox",
"title": "Equinox",
"text": "equinox"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens",
"title": "Cassini–Huygens",
"text": "Cassini"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Titan_(moon)",
"title": "Titan (moon)",
"text": "Titan"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Help:IPA/English",
"title": "Help:IPA/English",
"text": "/ˈsætərn/"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/En-us-Saturn.ogg/En-us-Saturn.ogg.mp3",
"rel": "nofollow"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/File:En-us-Saturn.ogg",
"title": "File:En-us-Saturn.ogg",
"text": "ⓘ"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-walter2003-1",
"text": "[1]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)",
"title": "Saturn (mythology)",
"text": "Saturn"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_adjectivals_and_demonyms_of_astronomical_bodies",
"title": "List of adjectivals and demonyms of astronomical bodies",
"text": "Adjectives"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Help:IPA/English",
"title": "Help:IPA/English",
"text": "/səˈtɜːrniən/"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-2",
"text": "[2]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-3",
"text": "[3]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-4",
"text": "[4]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Help:IPA/English",
"title": "Help:IPA/English",
"text": "/ˈkroʊniən/"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-5",
"text": "[5]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Planet_symbols",
"title": "Planet symbols",
"text": "Symbol"
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
"url": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/24px-Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png",
"alt": "♄"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/File:Saturn_symbol_(bold).svg",
"title": "♄"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Osculating_orbit",
"title": "Osculating orbit",
"text": "Orbital characteristics"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-fact-6",
"text": "[6]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)",
"title": "Epoch (astronomy)",
"text": "Epoch"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/J2000.0",
"title": "J2000.0",
"text": "J2000.0"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion",
"title": "Perihelion and aphelion",
"text": "Aphelion"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion",
"title": "Perihelion and aphelion",
"text": "Perihelion"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes",
"title": "Semi-major and semi-minor axes",
"text": "Semi-major axis"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity",
"title": "Orbital eccentricity",
"text": "Eccentricity"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Orbital_period",
"title": "Orbital period",
"text": "Orbital period (sidereal)"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)",
"title": "Julian year (astronomy)",
"text": "yr"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Solar_day",
"title": "Solar day",
"text": "solar days"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-JPL-7",
"text": "[7]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Orbital_period",
"title": "Orbital period",
"text": "Orbital period (synodic)"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Orbital_speed",
"title": "Orbital speed",
"text": "orbital speed"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Mean_anomaly",
"title": "Mean anomaly",
"text": "Mean anomaly"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-VSOP87-8",
"text": "[8]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Orbital_inclination",
"title": "Orbital inclination",
"text": "Inclination"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ecliptic",
"title": "Ecliptic",
"text": "ecliptic"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-VSOP87-8",
"text": "[8]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Sun",
"title": "Sun",
"text": "Sun"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Equator",
"title": "Equator",
"text": "equator"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-VSOP87-8",
"text": "[8]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Invariable_plane",
"title": "Invariable plane",
"text": "invariable plane"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Souami_Souchay_2012-9",
"text": "[9]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node",
"title": "Longitude of the ascending node",
"text": "Longitude of ascending node"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Apsis",
"title": "Apsis",
"text": "Time of perihelion"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-horizons-perihelion-10",
"text": "[10]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis",
"title": "Argument of periapsis",
"text": "Argument of perihelion"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-VSOP87-8",
"text": "[8]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Natural_satellite",
"title": "Natural satellite",
"text": "satellites"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn",
"title": "Moons of Saturn",
"text": "146"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moonlet",
"title": "Moonlet",
"text": "moonlets"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-JPLmoons-11",
"text": "[11]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-UBC-20230511-12",
"text": "[12]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-fact-6",
"text": "[6]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-1bar-13",
"text": "[a]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Equator",
"title": "Equator",
"text": "Equatorial"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-1bar-13",
"text": "[a]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Geographical_pole",
"title": "Geographical pole",
"text": "Polar"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-1bar-13",
"text": "[a]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Flattening",
"title": "Flattening",
"text": "Flattening"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Equator",
"title": "Equator",
"text": "equatorial"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-14",
"text": "[13]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Spheroid#Surface_area",
"title": "Spheroid",
"text": "Surface area"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-nasafact-15",
"text": "[14]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-1bar-13",
"text": "[a]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Volume",
"title": "Volume",
"text": "Volume"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-1bar-13",
"text": "[a]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Mass",
"title": "Mass",
"text": "Mass"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Density",
"title": "Density",
"text": "density"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Gram",
"title": "Gram",
"text": "g"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Cubic_centimetre",
"title": "Cubic centimetre",
"text": "cm3"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Density",
"title": "Density",
"text": "lb/cu in"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-1bar_b-16",
"text": "[b]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Surface_gravity",
"title": "Surface gravity",
"text": "Surface gravity"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Metre_per_second_squared",
"title": "Metre per second squared",
"text": "m/s2"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Foot_per_second_squared",
"title": "Foot per second squared",
"text": "ft/s2"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-1bar-13",
"text": "[a]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/G-force",
"title": "G-force",
"text": "g"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moment_of_inertia_factor",
"title": "Moment of inertia factor",
"text": "Moment of inertia factor"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Fortney2018-17",
"text": "[15]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Escape_velocity",
"title": "Escape velocity",
"text": "Escape velocity"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-1bar-13",
"text": "[a]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Synodic_rotation_period",
"title": "Synodic rotation period",
"text": "Synodic rotation period"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-CSeligman-18",
"text": "[16]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-JPL-7",
"text": "[7]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Sidereal_rotation_period",
"title": "Sidereal rotation period",
"text": "Sidereal rotation period"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-NASA-20190118-19",
"text": "[17]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-APJ-20190117-20",
"text": "[18]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-1bar-13",
"text": "[a]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Axial_tilt",
"title": "Axial tilt",
"text": "Axial tilt"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Right_ascension",
"title": "Right ascension",
"text": "right ascension"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Declination",
"title": "Declination",
"text": "declination"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Albedo",
"title": "Albedo",
"text": "Albedo"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Bond_albedo",
"title": "Bond albedo",
"text": "Bond"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Hanel_et_al-21",
"text": "[19]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Geometric_albedo",
"title": "Geometric albedo",
"text": "geometric"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Mallama_et_al-22",
"text": "[20]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Temperature",
"title": "Temperature",
"text": "temp."
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Bar_(unit)",
"title": "Bar (unit)",
"text": "bar"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Bar_(unit)",
"title": "Bar (unit)",
"text": "bar"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-min_max-23",
"text": "[21]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-24",
"text": "[22]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-min_max-23",
"text": "[21]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Apparent_magnitude",
"title": "Apparent magnitude",
"text": "Apparent magnitude"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-25",
"text": "[23]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-25",
"text": "[23]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Solar_System_bodies_(H)",
"title": "Absolute magnitude",
"text": "Absolute magnitude (H)"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-IMCCE-26",
"text": "[24]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Angular_diameter",
"title": "Angular diameter",
"text": "Angular diameter"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-fact-6",
"text": "[6]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure",
"title": "Atmospheric pressure",
"text": "pressure"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-27",
"text": "[25]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Scale_height",
"title": "Scale height",
"text": "Scale height"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Atmospheric_chemistry#Atmospheric_composition",
"title": "Atmospheric chemistry",
"text": "Composition by volume"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hydrogen",
"title": "Hydrogen",
"text": "hydrogen"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Helium",
"title": "Helium",
"text": "helium"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Methane",
"title": "Methane",
"text": "methane"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ammonia",
"title": "Ammonia",
"text": "ammonia"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hydrogen_deuteride",
"title": "Hydrogen deuteride",
"text": "hydrogen deuteride"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ethane",
"title": "Ethane",
"text": "ethane"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Volatile_(astrogeology)",
"title": "Volatile (astrogeology)",
"text": "volatiles"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ammonia",
"title": "Ammonia",
"text": "ammonia"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ice",
"title": "Ice",
"text": "water ice"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ammonium_hydrosulfide",
"title": "Ammonium hydrosulfide",
"text": "ammonium hydrosulfide"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Planet",
"title": "Planet",
"text": "planet"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Sun",
"title": "Sun",
"text": "Sun"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Solar_System",
"title": "Solar System",
"text": "Solar System"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Jupiter",
"title": "Jupiter",
"text": "Jupiter"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Gas_giant",
"title": "Gas giant",
"text": "gas giant"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Earth",
"title": "Earth",
"text": "Earth"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Radius_ref-28",
"text": "[26]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Radius_ref_2-29",
"text": "[27]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Mass_ref-30",
"text": "[28]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Mass_ref_2-31",
"text": "[29]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Mass_ref_3-32",
"text": "[30]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen",
"title": "Metallic hydrogen",
"text": "metallic hydrogen"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen",
"title": "Liquid hydrogen",
"text": "liquid hydrogen"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Liquid_helium",
"title": "Liquid helium",
"text": "liquid helium"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ammonia",
"title": "Ammonia",
"text": "ammonia"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Electrical_current",
"title": "Electrical current",
"text": "electrical current"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Magnetic_field",
"title": "Magnetic field",
"text": "magnetic field"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Magnetic_moment",
"title": "Magnetic moment",
"text": "magnetic moment"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-mag-33",
"text": "[31]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Atmosphere",
"title": "Atmosphere",
"text": "atmosphere"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Wind_speed",
"title": "Wind speed",
"text": "Wind speeds"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn",
"title": "Rings of Saturn",
"text": "ring system"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Cosmic_dust",
"title": "Cosmic dust",
"text": "dust"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn",
"title": "Moons of Saturn",
"text": "146 moons"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-MPEC-2023-J49-34",
"text": "[32]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moonlet",
"title": "Moonlet",
"text": "moonlets"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Titan_(moon)",
"title": "Titan (moon)",
"text": "Titan"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Mercury_(planet)",
"title": "Mercury (planet)",
"text": "Mercury"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Titan_ref-35",
"text": "[33]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)",
"title": "Saturn (mythology)",
"text": "god of wealth and agriculture"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Astronomical_symbol",
"title": "Astronomical symbol",
"text": "astronomical symbol"
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
"url": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png",
"alt": "♄"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/File:Saturn_symbol_(fixed_width).svg",
"title": "♄"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri",
"title": "Oxyrhynchus Papyri",
"text": "Oxyrhynchus Papyri"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Kappa",
"title": "Kappa",
"text": "kappa"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rho",
"title": "Rho",
"text": "rho"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation#Forms",
"title": "Scribal abbreviation",
"text": "horizontal stroke"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Cronus",
"title": "Cronus",
"text": "Cronus"
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
"url": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Saturn_symbol_%28late_classical_and_medieval_mss%29.png/41px-Saturn_symbol_%28late_classical_and_medieval_mss%29.png"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/File:Saturn_symbol_(late_classical_and_medieval_mss).png"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-jones-1999-36",
"text": "[34]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Eta",
"title": "Eta",
"text": "eta"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturday",
"title": "Saturday",
"text": "Saturday"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-days-37",
"text": "[35]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Gas_giant",
"title": "Gas giant",
"text": "gas giant"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-melosh2011-38",
"text": "[36]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Oblate_spheroid",
"title": "Oblate spheroid",
"text": "oblate spheroid"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Flattening",
"title": "Flattening",
"text": "flattened"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Geographical_pole",
"title": "Geographical pole",
"text": "poles"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Equatorial_bulge",
"title": "Equatorial bulge",
"text": "bulges"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Equator",
"title": "Equator",
"text": "equator"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-fact-6",
"text": "[6]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Uranus",
"title": "Uranus",
"text": "Uranus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Neptune",
"title": "Neptune",
"text": "Neptune"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Escape_velocity",
"title": "Escape velocity",
"text": "escape velocity"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Gregersen2010-39",
"text": "[37]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-preserve-40",
"text": "[38]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Planetary_core",
"title": "Planetary core",
"text": "core"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Relative_density",
"title": "Relative density",
"text": "specific density"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Earth_mass",
"title": "Earth mass",
"text": "Earth's mass"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Jupiter_fact-41",
"text": "[39]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-fact-6",
"text": "[6]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-ssr152_1_423-42",
"text": "[40]"
},
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Gas",
"title": "Gas",
"text": "gas"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Phase_(matter)",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ideal_solution",
"title": "Ideal solution",
"text": "non-ideal liquid"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-ssr152_1_423-42",
"text": "[40]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Volatile_(astrogeology)",
"title": "Volatile (astrogeology)",
"text": "volatiles"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-guillot_et_al2009-43",
"text": "[41]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Jupiter",
"title": "Jupiter",
"text": "Jupiter"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hydrogen",
"title": "Hydrogen",
"text": "hydrogen"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-44",
"text": "[42]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Gravitational_moment",
"title": "Gravitational moment",
"text": "gravitational moment"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-science305_5689_1414-45",
"text": "[43]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-apj609_2_1170-46",
"text": "[44]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-47",
"text": "[45]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-48",
"text": "[46]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen",
"title": "Metallic hydrogen",
"text": "metallic hydrogen"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Molecular_hydrogen",
"title": "Molecular hydrogen",
"text": "molecular hydrogen"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-faure_mensing2007-49",
"text": "[47]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-NMM_Saturn-50",
"text": "[48]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-51",
"text": "[49]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Thermal_energy",
"title": "Thermal energy",
"text": "thermal energy"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Kelvin%E2%80%93Helmholtz_mechanism",
"title": "Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism",
"text": "Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Gravitational_compression",
"title": "Gravitational compression",
"text": "gravitational compression"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Friction",
"title": "Friction",
"text": "friction"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-de_pater_lissauer2010-52",
"text": "[50]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-nasa_saturn-53",
"text": "[51]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-guillot_et_al2009-43",
"text": "[41]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Diamond",
"title": "Diamond",
"text": "diamonds"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-SC-20131009-54",
"text": "[52]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ice_giant",
"title": "Ice giant",
"text": "ice giants"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-WP-20170825-55",
"text": "[53]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-56",
"text": "[54]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-guillot_et_al2009-43",
"text": "[41]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Metallicity",
"title": "Metallicity",
"text": "metallicity"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Formation_of_the_Solar_System",
"title": "Formation of the Solar System",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-science286-57",
"text": "[55]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Acetylene",
"title": "Acetylene",
"text": "acetylene"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ethane",
"title": "Ethane",
"text": "ethane"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Propane",
"title": "Propane",
"text": "propane"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Phosphine",
"title": "Phosphine",
"text": "phosphine"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Methane",
"title": "Methane",
"text": "methane"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-baas15_831-58",
"text": "[56]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-cain2009_24029-59",
"text": "[57]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-pfsaa2008-60",
"text": "[58]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ammonium_hydrosulfide",
"title": "Ammonium hydrosulfide",
"text": "ammonium hydrosulfide"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-martinez20050905-61",
"text": "[59]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ultraviolet_radiation",
"title": "Ultraviolet radiation",
"text": "Ultraviolet radiation"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Photolysis",
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"text": "photolysis"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"title": "Hydrocarbon",
"text": "hydrocarbon"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Eddies",
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"text": "eddies"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "diffusion"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-pfsaa2008-60",
"text": "[58]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "[60]"
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Voyager_Space_Probe",
"title": "Voyager Space Probe",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-emp105_2_143-63",
"text": "[61]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Bar_(unit)",
"title": "Bar (unit)",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-dougherty_esposito2009-64",
"text": "[62]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "Hubble Space Telescope"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Great_White_Spot",
"title": "Great White Spot",
"text": "Great White Spot"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Summer_solstice",
"title": "Summer solstice",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "[63]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-66",
"text": "[64]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Very_Large_Array",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-67",
"text": "[65]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Voyager_Summary_1-68",
"text": "[66]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
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"url": "/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "[68]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "[68]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturn%27s_hexagon",
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},
{
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "[76]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "jet stream"
},
{
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "[78]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "[79]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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"text": "[81]"
},
{
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"text": "[81]"
},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"text": "trojan asteroids"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Lagrangian_point",
"title": "Lagrangian point",
"text": "Lagrangian points"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Mars",
"title": "Mars",
"text": "Mars"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Orbital_resonance",
"title": "Orbital resonance",
"text": "Orbital resonance"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Secular_resonance",
"title": "Secular resonance",
"text": "secular resonance"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-99",
"text": "[97]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn",
"title": "Moons of Saturn",
"text": "Moons of Saturn"
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
"url": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg/400px-Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/File:Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Natural_satellite",
"title": "Natural satellite",
"text": "moons"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-UBC-20230511-12",
"text": "[12]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-JPLmoons-11",
"text": "[11]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Ashton2021-100",
"text": "[98]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moonlet",
"title": "Moonlet",
"text": "moonlets"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-101",
"text": "[99]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Titan_(moon)",
"title": "Titan (moon)",
"text": "Titan"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-brunier2005-102",
"text": "[100]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rhea_(moon)",
"title": "Rhea (moon)",
"text": "Rhea"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Rhea",
"title": "Rings of Rhea",
"text": "ring system of its own"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Jones2008-103",
"text": "[101]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Atmosphere",
"title": "Atmosphere",
"text": "atmosphere"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-atkinson20101126-104",
"text": "[102]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-105",
"text": "[103]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-ryan20101126-106",
"text": "[104]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Saturn_moons-107",
"text": "[105]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Titans",
"title": "Titans",
"text": "Titans"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Solar_System",
"title": "Solar System",
"text": "Solar System"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Titan",
"title": "Atmosphere of Titan",
"text": "atmosphere"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-108",
"text": "[106]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-109",
"text": "[107]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Organic_chemistry",
"title": "Organic chemistry",
"text": "organic chemistry"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Lakes_of_Titan",
"title": "Lakes of Titan",
"text": "hydrocarbon lakes"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-110",
"text": "[108]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-111",
"text": "[109]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Instituto_de_Astrof%C3%ADsica_de_Andaluc%C3%ADa",
"title": "Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía",
"text": "IAA-CSIC"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon",
"title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon",
"text": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Upper_atmosphere",
"title": "Upper atmosphere",
"text": "upper atmosphere"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/PAH_world_hypothesis",
"title": "PAH world hypothesis",
"text": "possible precursor for life"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-IAA-20130606-112",
"text": "[110]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Nitrogen",
"title": "Nitrogen",
"text": "nitrogen"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Oort_cloud",
"title": "Oort cloud",
"text": "Oort cloud"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Comet",
"title": "Comet",
"text": "comets"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-NASA-201450623-113",
"text": "[111]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Enceladus",
"title": "Enceladus",
"text": "Enceladus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-NS-20080326-114",
"text": "[112]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Planetary_habitability",
"title": "Planetary habitability",
"text": "habitat"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Microorganism",
"title": "Microorganism",
"text": "microbial life"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-115",
"text": "[113]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-madrigal20090624-116",
"text": "[114]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-spotts20050928-117",
"text": "[115]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-118",
"text": "[116]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ice",
"title": "Ice",
"text": "ice"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-119",
"text": "[117]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-120",
"text": "[118]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-121",
"text": "[119]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Methanogenesis",
"title": "Methanogenesis",
"text": "methanogenesis"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-nasa20170413-122",
"text": "[120]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn#A_Ring",
"title": "Rings of Saturn",
"text": "A Ring"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-NASA-20140414a-123",
"text": "[121]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn",
"title": "Rings of Saturn",
"text": "Rings of Saturn"
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
"url": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg/220px-Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/File:Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_(2007-01-19).jpg"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn",
"title": "Rings of Saturn",
"text": "rings of Saturn"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens",
"title": "Cassini–Huygens",
"text": "Cassini"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-NMM_Saturn-50",
"text": "[48]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Planetary_ring",
"title": "Planetary ring",
"text": "planetary rings"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-NMM_Saturn-50",
"text": "[48]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Tholin",
"title": "Tholin",
"text": "tholin"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Carbon",
"title": "Carbon",
"text": "carbon"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-124",
"text": "[122]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-125",
"text": "[123]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Gas_giant",
"title": "Gas giant",
"text": "gas giants"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Chrysalis_(moon)",
"title": "Chrysalis (moon)",
"text": "Chrysalis"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-126",
"text": "[124]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Nebula",
"title": "Nebula",
"text": "nebular"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Spahn-127",
"text": "[125]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-128",
"text": "[126]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-129",
"text": "[127]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-130",
"text": "[128]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-131",
"text": "[129]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)",
"title": "Phoebe (moon)",
"text": "Phoebe"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Retrograde_motion",
"title": "Retrograde motion",
"text": "retrograde"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-132",
"text": "[130]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Pandora_(moon)",
"title": "Pandora (moon)",
"text": "Pandora"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Prometheus_(moon)",
"title": "Prometheus (moon)",
"text": "Prometheus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Shepherd_moon",
"title": "Shepherd moon",
"text": "shepherd moons"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-russell2004-133",
"text": "[131]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Pan_(moon)",
"title": "Pan (moon)",
"text": "Pan"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Atlas_(moon)",
"title": "Atlas (moon)",
"text": "Atlas"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-134",
"text": "[132]"
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
"url": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg/2200px-Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg",
"alt": ""
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/File:Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg",
"title": "Natural-color mosaic of Cassini narrow-angle camera images of the unilluminated side of Saturn's D, C, B, A and F rings (left to right) taken on May 9, 2007 (distances are to the planet's center)."
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/File:Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg",
"title": "File:Saturn's rings dark side mosaic.jpg"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Naked_eye",
"title": "Naked eye",
"text": "naked eye"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Space_probe",
"title": "Space probe",
"text": "space probes"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Planetary_flyby",
"title": "Planetary flyby",
"text": "flyby"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Geocentric_orbit",
"title": "Geocentric orbit",
"text": "Earth-orbiting"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Space_telescope",
"title": "Space telescope",
"text": "observatories"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope",
"title": "Hubble Space Telescope",
"text": "Hubble Space Telescope"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Cassini_retirement",
"title": "Cassini retirement",
"text": "its 2017 retirement"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens",
"title": "Cassini–Huygens",
"text": "Cassini"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)",
"title": "Saturn (mythology)",
"text": "Saturn (mythology)"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Planets_in_astrology#Saturn",
"title": "Planets in astrology",
"text": "Planets in astrology § Saturn"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-NMM_Saturn_2-135",
"text": "[133]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Babylonian_astronomy",
"title": "Babylonian astronomy",
"text": "Babylonian astronomers"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-ptrsl276_1257_43-136",
"text": "[134]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Phaenon",
"title": "Phaenon",
"text": "Phainon"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-137",
"text": "[135]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)",
"title": "Saturn (mythology)",
"text": "Saturn"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-138",
"text": "[136]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Roman_mythology",
"title": "Roman mythology",
"text": "ancient Roman mythology"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Saturn_in_ancient_mythologies-139",
"text": "[137]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Greek_mythology",
"title": "Greek mythology",
"text": "Greek god"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Cronus",
"title": "Cronus",
"text": "Cronus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Greek_language",
"title": "Greek language",
"text": "Greek"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-140",
"text": "[138]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ptolemy",
"title": "Ptolemy",
"text": "Ptolemy"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Opposition_(astronomy)",
"title": "Opposition (astronomy)",
"text": "opposition"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-ps04_1893_862-141",
"text": "[139]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Jyotisha",
"title": "Jyotisha",
"text": "Hindu astrology"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Navagraha",
"title": "Navagraha",
"text": "Navagrahas"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Shani",
"title": "Shani",
"text": "Shani"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-Saturn_in_ancient_mythologies-139",
"text": "[137]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-ps04_1893_862-141",
"text": "[139]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Chinese_astrology",
"title": "Chinese astrology",
"text": "Chinese"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Five_elements_(Chinese_philosophy)",
"title": "Five elements (Chinese philosophy)",
"text": "Five Elements"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-142",
"text": "[140]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-143",
"text": "[141]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-144",
"text": "[142]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hebrew_language",
"title": "Hebrew language",
"text": "Hebrew"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-145",
"text": "[143]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Cassiel",
"title": "Cassiel",
"text": "Cassiel"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Agiel",
"title": "Agiel",
"text": "'Agȋȇl"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hebrew_language",
"title": "Hebrew language",
"text": "Hebrew"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew",
"title": "Romanization of Hebrew",
"text": "romanized"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-TheMagus-146",
"text": "[144]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Demon",
"title": "Demon",
"text": "demon"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Zazel_(spirit)",
"title": "Zazel (spirit)",
"text": "Zȃzȇl"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hebrew_language",
"title": "Hebrew language",
"text": "Hebrew"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew",
"title": "Romanization of Hebrew",
"text": "romanized"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-TheMagus-146",
"text": "[144]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-CrystalLinks-147",
"text": "[145]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-TC-20170308-148",
"text": "[146]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Angel",
"title": "Angel",
"text": "great angel"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Solomon#Angels_and_magic",
"title": "Solomon",
"text": "Solomonic magic"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Evocation",
"title": "Evocation",
"text": "love conjurations"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-FE-2014-149",
"text": "[147]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-HP-1998-150",
"text": "[148]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language",
"title": "Ottoman Turkish language",
"text": "Ottoman Turkish"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Urdu",
"title": "Urdu",
"text": "Urdu"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Malay_language",
"title": "Malay language",
"text": "Malay"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Arabic_language",
"title": "Arabic language",
"text": "Arabic language"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Arabic_language",
"title": "Arabic language",
"text": "Arabic"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic",
"title": "Romanization of Arabic",
"text": "romanized"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-CrystalLinks-147",
"text": "[145]"
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
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{
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},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Galileo_Galilei",
"title": "Galileo Galilei",
"text": "Galileo Galilei"
},
{
"path": "IMG@/src",
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},
{
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"url": "/wiki/File:Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Robert_Hooke",
"title": "Robert Hooke",
"text": "Robert Hooke"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Telescope",
"title": "Telescope",
"text": "telescope"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-binoculars-151",
"text": "[149]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens",
"title": "Christiaan Huygens",
"text": "Christiaan Huygens"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Galileo",
"title": "Galileo",
"text": "Galileo"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-chan2000-152",
"text": "[150]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-cain2008_15390-153",
"text": "[151]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-cain2008_15418-154",
"text": "[152]"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "#cite_note-cain2008_46237-155",
"text": "[153]"
},
{
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},
{
"path": "AREA@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Uranus"
},
{
"path": "AREA@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus"
},
{
"path": "AREA@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Neptune"
},
{
"path": "AREA@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Sun",
"title": "Sun",
"text": "Sun"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Mercury_(planet)",
"title": "Mercury (planet)",
"text": "Mercury"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Venus",
"title": "Venus",
"text": "Venus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Earth",
"title": "Earth",
"text": "Earth"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Mars",
"title": "Mars",
"text": "Mars"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Jupiter",
"title": "Jupiter",
"text": "Jupiter"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Uranus",
"title": "Uranus",
"text": "Uranus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Neptune",
"title": "Neptune",
"text": "Neptune"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Planet",
"title": "Planet",
"text": "Planets"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Dwarf_planet",
"title": "Dwarf planet",
"text": "dwarfs"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Terrestrial_planet",
"title": "Terrestrial planet",
"text": "Terrestrials"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Mercury_(planet)",
"title": "Mercury (planet)",
"text": "Mercury"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Venus",
"title": "Venus",
"text": "Venus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Earth",
"title": "Earth",
"text": "Earth"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Mars",
"title": "Mars",
"text": "Mars"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Giant_planet",
"title": "Giant planet",
"text": "Giants"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Gas_giant",
"title": "Gas giant",
"text": "Gas"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Jupiter",
"title": "Jupiter",
"text": "Jupiter"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ice_giant",
"title": "Ice giant",
"text": "Ice"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Uranus",
"title": "Uranus",
"text": "Uranus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Neptune",
"title": "Neptune",
"text": "Neptune"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Dwarf_planet",
"title": "Dwarf planet",
"text": "Dwarfs"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)",
"title": "Ceres (dwarf planet)",
"text": "Ceres"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/90482_Orcus",
"title": "90482 Orcus",
"text": "Orcus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Pluto",
"title": "Pluto",
"text": "Pluto"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Haumea",
"title": "Haumea",
"text": "Haumea"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/50000_Quaoar",
"title": "50000 Quaoar",
"text": "Quaoar"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Makemake",
"title": "Makemake",
"text": "Makemake"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/225088_Gonggong",
"title": "225088 Gonggong",
"text": "Gonggong"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)",
"title": "Eris (dwarf planet)",
"text": "Eris"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/90377_Sedna",
"title": "90377 Sedna",
"text": "Sedna"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Natural_satellite",
"title": "Natural satellite",
"text": "Moons"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moon",
"title": "Moon",
"text": "Moon"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Claimed_moons_of_Earth",
"title": "Claimed moons of Earth",
"text": "other near-Earth objects"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Mars",
"title": "Moons of Mars",
"text": "Mars"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Phobos_(moon)",
"title": "Phobos (moon)",
"text": "Phobos"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Deimos_(moon)",
"title": "Deimos (moon)",
"text": "Deimos"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter",
"title": "Moons of Jupiter",
"text": "Jupiter"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)",
"title": "Ganymede (moon)",
"text": "Ganymede"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Callisto_(moon)",
"title": "Callisto (moon)",
"text": "Callisto"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Io_(moon)",
"title": "Io (moon)",
"text": "Io"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Europa_(moon)",
"title": "Europa (moon)",
"text": "Europa"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter#List",
"title": "Moons of Jupiter",
"text": "all 95"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn",
"title": "Moons of Saturn",
"text": "Saturn"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Titan_(moon)",
"title": "Titan (moon)",
"text": "Titan"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rhea_(moon)",
"title": "Rhea (moon)",
"text": "Rhea"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)",
"title": "Iapetus (moon)",
"text": "Iapetus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Dione_(moon)",
"title": "Dione (moon)",
"text": "Dione"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Tethys_(moon)",
"title": "Tethys (moon)",
"text": "Tethys"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Enceladus",
"title": "Enceladus",
"text": "Enceladus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Mimas_(moon)",
"title": "Mimas (moon)",
"text": "Mimas"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hyperion_(moon)",
"title": "Hyperion (moon)",
"text": "Hyperion"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)",
"title": "Phoebe (moon)",
"text": "Phoebe"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn#List",
"title": "Moons of Saturn",
"text": "all 146"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus",
"title": "Moons of Uranus",
"text": "Uranus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Titania_(moon)",
"title": "Titania (moon)",
"text": "Titania"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Oberon_(moon)",
"title": "Oberon (moon)",
"text": "Oberon"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Umbriel_(moon)",
"title": "Umbriel (moon)",
"text": "Umbriel"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ariel_(moon)",
"title": "Ariel (moon)",
"text": "Ariel"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Miranda_(moon)",
"title": "Miranda (moon)",
"text": "Miranda"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus#List",
"title": "Moons of Uranus",
"text": "all 27"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune",
"title": "Moons of Neptune",
"text": "Neptune"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Triton_(moon)",
"title": "Triton (moon)",
"text": "Triton"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Proteus_(moon)",
"title": "Proteus (moon)",
"text": "Proteus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Nereid_(moon)",
"title": "Nereid (moon)",
"text": "Nereid"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune#List",
"title": "Moons of Neptune",
"text": "all 14"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/90482_Orcus",
"title": "90482 Orcus",
"text": "Orcus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Vanth_(moon)",
"title": "Vanth (moon)",
"text": "Vanth"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto",
"title": "Moons of Pluto",
"text": "Pluto"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Charon_(moon)",
"title": "Charon (moon)",
"text": "Charon"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Nix_(moon)",
"title": "Nix (moon)",
"text": "Nix"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hydra_(moon)",
"title": "Hydra (moon)",
"text": "Hydra"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)",
"title": "Kerberos (moon)",
"text": "Kerberos"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Styx_(moon)",
"title": "Styx (moon)",
"text": "Styx"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea",
"title": "Moons of Haumea",
"text": "Haumea"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)",
"title": "Hiʻiaka (moon)",
"text": "Hiʻiaka"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Namaka_(moon)",
"title": "Namaka (moon)",
"text": "Namaka"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/50000_Quaoar",
"title": "50000 Quaoar",
"text": "Quaoar"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Weywot",
"title": "Weywot",
"text": "Weywot"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Makemake",
"title": "Makemake",
"text": "Makemake"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1",
"title": "S/2015 (136472) 1",
"text": "S/2015 (136472) 1"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/225088_Gonggong",
"title": "225088 Gonggong",
"text": "Gonggong"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)",
"title": "Xiangliu (moon)",
"text": "Xiangliu"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)",
"title": "Eris (dwarf planet)",
"text": "Eris"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)",
"title": "Dysnomia (moon)",
"text": "Dysnomia"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ring_system",
"title": "Ring system",
"text": "Rings"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter",
"title": "Rings of Jupiter",
"text": "Jovian"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn",
"title": "Rings of Saturn",
"text": "Saturnian"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Rhea",
"title": "Rings of Rhea",
"text": "Rhean"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Chariklo",
"title": "Rings of Chariklo",
"text": "Charikloan"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/2060_Chiron#Rings",
"title": "2060 Chiron",
"text": "Chironean"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus",
"title": "Rings of Uranus",
"text": "Uranian"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune",
"title": "Rings of Neptune",
"text": "Neptunian"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Haumea#Ring",
"title": "Haumea",
"text": "Haumean"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/50000_Quaoar#Rings",
"title": "50000 Quaoar",
"text": "Quaoarian"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body",
"title": "Small Solar System body",
"text": "Small Solar System Bodies"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Comet",
"title": "Comet",
"text": "Comets"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Damocloid",
"title": "Damocloid",
"text": "Damocloids"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Meteoroid",
"title": "Meteoroid",
"text": "Meteoroids"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Minor_planet",
"title": "Minor planet",
"text": "Minor planets"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Meanings_of_minor-planet_names",
"title": "Meanings of minor-planet names",
"text": "names and meanings"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Minor-planet_moon",
"title": "Minor-planet moon",
"text": "moons"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Planetesimal",
"title": "Planetesimal",
"text": "Planetesimal"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_Mercury-crossing_minor_planets",
"title": "List of Mercury-crossing minor planets",
"text": "Mercury"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_Venus-crossing_minor_planets",
"title": "List of Venus-crossing minor planets",
"text": "Venus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_Earth-crossing_minor_planets",
"title": "List of Earth-crossing minor planets",
"text": "Earth"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_Mars-crossing_minor_planets",
"title": "List of Mars-crossing minor planets",
"text": "Mars"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_Jupiter-crossing_minor_planets",
"title": "List of Jupiter-crossing minor planets",
"text": "Jupiter"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_Saturn-crossing_minor_planets",
"title": "List of Saturn-crossing minor planets",
"text": "Saturn"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_Uranus-crossing_minor_planets",
"title": "List of Uranus-crossing minor planets",
"text": "Uranus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_Neptune-crossing_minor_planets",
"title": "List of Neptune-crossing minor planets",
"text": "Neptune"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Trojan_(celestial_body)",
"title": "Trojan (celestial body)",
"text": "Trojans"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/2013_ND15",
"title": "2013 ND15",
"text": "Venus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Earth_trojan",
"title": "Earth trojan",
"text": "Earth"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Mars_trojan",
"title": "Mars trojan",
"text": "Mars"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Jupiter_trojan",
"title": "Jupiter trojan",
"text": "Jupiter"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_Jupiter_trojans_(Trojan_camp)",
"title": "List of Jupiter trojans (Trojan camp)",
"text": "Trojan camp"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_Jupiter_trojans_(Greek_camp)",
"title": "List of Jupiter trojans (Greek camp)",
"text": "Greek camp"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Co-orbital_configuration#Trojan_moons",
"title": "Co-orbital configuration",
"text": "Saturn Moons"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Uranus_trojan",
"title": "Uranus trojan",
"text": "Uranus"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Neptune_trojan",
"title": "Neptune trojan",
"text": "Neptune"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Near-Earth_object",
"title": "Near-Earth object",
"text": "Near-Earth objects"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Asteroid_belt",
"title": "Asteroid belt",
"text": "Asteroid belt"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Asteroid",
"title": "Asteroid",
"text": "Asteroids"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)",
"title": "Ceres (dwarf planet)",
"text": "Ceres"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/4_Vesta",
"title": "4 Vesta",
"text": "Vesta"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/2_Pallas",
"title": "2 Pallas",
"text": "Pallas"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/10_Hygiea",
"title": "10 Hygiea",
"text": "Hygiea"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Active_asteroid",
"title": "Active asteroid",
"text": "active"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_minor_planets:_1%E2%80%931000",
"title": "List of minor planets: 1–1000",
"text": "first 1000"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Asteroid_family",
"title": "Asteroid family",
"text": "families"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_asteroid",
"title": "Potentially hazardous asteroid",
"text": "PHA"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_exceptional_asteroids",
"title": "List of exceptional asteroids",
"text": "exceptional"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Kirkwood_gap",
"title": "Kirkwood gap",
"text": "Kirkwood gap"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Cis-Neptunian_object",
"title": "Cis-Neptunian object",
"text": "Cis-Neptunian objects"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Centaur_(small_Solar_System_body)",
"title": "Centaur (small Solar System body)",
"text": "Centaurs"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Neptune_trojan",
"title": "Neptune trojan",
"text": "Neptune trojans"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object",
"title": "Trans-Neptunian object",
"text": "Trans-Neptunian objects"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Kuiper_belt",
"title": "Kuiper belt",
"text": "Kuiper belt"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object",
"title": "Classical Kuiper belt object",
"text": "Cubewanos"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Plutino",
"title": "Plutino",
"text": "Plutinos"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Detached_object",
"title": "Detached object",
"text": "Detached objects"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Sednoid",
"title": "Sednoid",
"text": "Sednoids"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Scattered_disc",
"title": "Scattered disc",
"text": "Scattered disc"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Oort_cloud",
"title": "Oort cloud",
"text": "Oort cloud"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Hills_cloud",
"title": "Hills cloud",
"text": "Hills cloud"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/List_of_hypothetical_Solar_System_objects",
"title": "List of hypothetical Solar System objects",
"text": "Hypothetical objects"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Five-planet_Nice_model",
"title": "Five-planet Nice model",
"text": "Fifth giant"
},
{
"path": "A@/href",
"url": "/wiki/Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)",
"title": "Nemesis (hypothetical star)",
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<li id="toc-Hexagonal_cloud_patterns"
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span>Hexagonal cloud patterns</div>
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<li id="toc-Magnetosphere"
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnetosphere">
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span>Magnetosphere</div>
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<li id="toc-Orbit_and_rotation"
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbit_and_rotation">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>Orbit and rotation</div>
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>Natural satellites</div>
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>Planetary rings</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>History of observation and exploration</div>
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-telescopic_observation">
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span>Pre-telescopic observation</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span>Telescopic pre-spaceflight observations</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span>Spaceflight missions</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span><i>Pioneer 11</i> flyby</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span><i>Voyager</i> flybys</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span><i>Cassini–Huygens</i> spacecraft</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.4</span>Possible future missions</div>
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observation">
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>Observation</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span>See also</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span>Notes</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span>References</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span>Further reading</div>
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span>External links</div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saturn</span></h1>
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<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">227 languages</span>
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)" title="Saturn (Planet) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%85%E1%8D%88%E1%8B%B5" title="ማህፈድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="शनि – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A6tern_(tungol)" title="Sætern (tungol) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(plan%C3%A8ta)" title="Saturno (planèta) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B9" title="শনি গ্ৰহ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(planeta)" title="Saturnu (planeta) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="शनि ग्रह – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BAyno" title="Satúyno – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)" title="Saturn (planet) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زوحل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9" title="শনি গ্রহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-chhe%E2%81%BF" title="Thó͘-chheⁿ – Min Nan Chinese" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Basa Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="शनि ग्रह – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)" title="Saturn (Planet) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="སྤེན་པ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadorn_(planedenn)" title="Sadorn (planedenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3)" title="Бимба (гараг) – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planeta)" title="Saturn (planeta) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planeta)" title="Saturn (planeta) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirema_(chindeya)" title="Chirema (chindeya) – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanya_la_Mlisko" title="Chanya la Mlisko – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu" title="Saturnu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadwrn_(planed)" title="Sadwrn (planed) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ساتورن – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)" title="Saturn (Planet) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9etin" title="Séetin – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)" title="Saturn (planet) – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="शनिग्रह – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94" title="སྤེན་པ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)" title="Κρόνος (πλανήτης) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BBren" title="Satûren – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planedo)" title="Saturno (planedo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(praneta)" title="Saturnu (praneta) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84)" title="کیوان (زحل) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanigrah" title="Sanigrah – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Saturne (planète) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satarn_(pl%C3%A1in%C3%A9ad)" title="Satarn (pláinéad) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarn_(planaid)" title="Sarn (planaid) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satarn" title="Satarn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Gan Chinese" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A4%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زؤحل – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF_(%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B9)" title="શનિ (ગ્રહ) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA-s%C3%AAn" title="Thú-sên – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Сатурн һариг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B1" title="토성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makulu" title="Makulu – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B6_(%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF)" title="Սատուրն (մոլորակ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_(%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="शनि (ग्रह) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%C3%A6)" title="Сатурн (планетæ) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISaturn_(i-astronomy)" title="ISaturn (i-astronomy) – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNomaxhama" title="UNomaxhama – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BArnus_(reikistjarna)" title="Satúrnus (reikistjarna) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(astronomia)" title="Saturno (astronomia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99" title="שבתאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satirini" title="Satirini – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_(%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B9)" title="ಶನಿ (ಗ್ರಹ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu" title="Saturnu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სატურნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%86" title="شێن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturna" title="Saturna – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadorn_(planet)" title="Sadorn (planet) – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zohali" title="Zohali – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne" title="Saturne – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satin_(plan%C3%A8t)" title="Satin (planèt) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satirn_(plan%C3%A8t)" title="Satirn (planèt) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keywan" title="Keywan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2" title="ດາວເສົາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeta)" title="Saturnus (planeta) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturns_(plan%C4%93ta)" title="Saturns (planēta) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Plan%C3%A9it)" title="Saturn (Planéit) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnas" title="Saturnas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BBrno_(astronomia)" title="Satûrno (astronomia) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeet)" title="Saturnus (planeet) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satun%C3%A9" title="Satuné – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/saturn" title="saturn – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(pianeta)" title="Saturno (pianeta) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szaturnusz" title="Szaturnusz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satorina" title="Satorina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ശനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(pjaneta)" title="Saturnu (pjaneta) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="शनी ग्रह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90)" title="მარსქული (პლანეტა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuhal" title="Zuhal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯊꯥꯡꯆ ꯊꯄꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AB-s%C4%ADng" title="Tū-sĭng – Min Dong Chinese" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="Сатурн (шары тяште) – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Санчир – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA" title="စနေဂြိုဟ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitzimic%C4%ABtlalli" title="Tzitzimicītlalli – Nāhuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeet)" title="Saturnus (planeet) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeet)" title="Saturnus (planeet) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8B%E1%90%A7%E1%90%83%E1%90%A7%E1%94%A6%E1%94%A6%E1%91%AD%E1%93%87%E1%91%96%E1%95%81" title="ᐋᐧᐃᐧᔦᔦᑭᓇᑖᕁ – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="शनिग्रह – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81" title="संनगु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%98%DF%8C%DF%B2%DF%AC%DF%95%DF%8C%DF%AE" title="ߞߌ߬ߘߌ߲߬ߕߌ߮ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeten_Saturn" title="Planeten Saturn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne_(planete)" title="Saturne (planete) – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne_(planeta)" title="Saturne (planeta) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF" title="ଶନି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafqubeellaa" title="Lafqubeellaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF)" title="ਸ਼ਨੀ (ਗ੍ਰਹਿ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoern" title="Satoern – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%8D" title="ភពសៅរ៍ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(pianeta)" title="Saturn (pianeta) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)" title="Saturn (Planet) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planeta)" title="Saturn (planeta) – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zual" title="Zual – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shani" title="Shani – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)" title="Saturn (planet) – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawcha" title="Hawcha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="शनिः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(praneta)" title="Saturnu (praneta) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturni" title="Saturni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(pianeta)" title="Saturnu (pianeta) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%80" title="සෙනසුරු ග්‍රහලොව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Кронъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raage" title="Raage – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کەیوان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)" title="சனி (கோள்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%82" title="శని గ్రహం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(planeta)" title="Saturnu (planeta) – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ดาวเสาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Зуҳал – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8C%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%82" title="ᏌᏓᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BCrn" title="Satürn – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satun" title="Satun – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ساتۇرن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndaundeiqnamh" title="Ndaundeiqnamh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(astronomia)" title="Saturno (astronomia) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao_Th%E1%BB%95" title="Sao Thổ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BBne_(planete)" title="Satûne (planete) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%AE%E6%98%9F" title="鎮星 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planete)" title="Saturnus (planete) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="סאטורן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1t%C3%BArn%C3%B9" title="Sátúrnù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planete)" title="Saturnus (planete) – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satorns" title="Satorns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sixth planet from the Sun</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the planet. For the deity, see <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Saturn (mythology)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Saturn (disambiguation)">Saturn (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sixth planet" redirects here. For other systems of numbering planets, see <a href="/wiki/Planet#History" title="Planet">Planet §&#160;History</a>.</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Saturn</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg/300px-Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg/450px-Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg/600px-Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4613" data-file-height="2233" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pictured in natural color approaching <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinox</a>, photographed by <i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i> in July 2008; the dot in the bottom left corner is <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;s&#39; in &#39;sigh&#39;">s</span><span title="/æ/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;bad&#39;">æ</span><span title="&#39;t&#39; in &#39;tie&#39;">t</span><span title="/ər/: &#39;er&#39; in &#39;letter&#39;">ər</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span></span>/</a></span>&#32;<span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{&quot;_&quot;:&quot;mw.Phonos.PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/90\/En-us-Saturn.ogg\/En-us-Saturn.ogg.mp3&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:[&quot;nofollow&quot;],&quot;framed&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;volumeUp&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;ipa&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;wikibase&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;En-us-Saturn.ogg&quot;},&quot;classes&quot;:[&quot;ext-phonos&quot;,&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;noexcerpt&quot;,&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel&quot;]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/En-us-Saturn.ogg/En-us-Saturn.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Saturn.ogg" title="File:En-us-Saturn.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-walter2003_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter2003-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Named after</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Saturn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectivals_and_demonyms_of_astronomical_bodies" title="List of adjectivals and demonyms of astronomical bodies">Adjectives</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Saturnian <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="&#39;s&#39; in &#39;sigh&#39;">s</span><span title="/ə/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;about&#39;">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;t&#39; in &#39;tie&#39;">t</span><span title="/ɜːr/: &#39;ur&#39; in &#39;fur&#39;">ɜːr</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span><span title="/i/: &#39;y&#39; in &#39;happy&#39;">i</span><span title="/ə/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;about&#39;">ə</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> Cronian<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> / Kronian<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;k&#39; in &#39;kind&#39;">k</span><span title="&#39;r&#39; in &#39;rye&#39;">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: &#39;o&#39; in &#39;code&#39;">oʊ</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span><span title="/i/: &#39;y&#39; in &#39;happy&#39;">i</span><span title="/ə/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;about&#39;">ə</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Planet_symbols" title="Planet symbols">Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_symbol_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="♄"><img alt="♄" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/24px-Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/36px-Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/48px-Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a><sup id="cite_ref-fact_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a> <a href="/wiki/J2000.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000.0">J2000.0</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Aphelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,514.50&#160;million&#160;km (10.1238&#160;AU)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Perihelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,352.55&#160;million&#160;km (9.0412&#160;AU)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semi-major axis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,433.53&#160;million&#160;km (9.5826&#160;AU)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998565000000000000♠"></span>0.0565</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period (sidereal)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001294475000000000♠"></span>29.4475&#160;<a href="/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)" title="Julian year (astronomy)">yr</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008929292480000000♠"></span>10,755.70&#160;d</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004242250000000000♠"></span>24,225</span> Saturnian <a href="/wiki/Solar_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar day">solar days</a><sup id="cite_ref-JPL_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period (synodic)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">378.09 days</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Average <a href="/wiki/Orbital_speed" title="Orbital speed">orbital speed</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9.68&#160;km/s (6.01&#160;mi/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_anomaly" title="Mean anomaly">Mean anomaly</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000553304279467243♠"></span>317.020°</span><sup id="cite_ref-VSOP87_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998433714319120591♠"></span>2.485°</span> to <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a><sup id="cite_ref-VSOP87_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998961676417848877♠"></span>5.51°</span> to <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a><sup id="cite_ref-VSOP87_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998162315620435473♠"></span>0.93°</span> to <a href="/wiki/Invariable_plane" title="Invariable plane">invariable plane</a><sup id="cite_ref-Souami_Souchay_2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Souami_Souchay_2012-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">Longitude&#160;of ascending&#160;node</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000198382849427935♠"></span>113.665°</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Time&#160;of perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2032-Nov-29<sup id="cite_ref-horizons-perihelion_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horizons-perihelion-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument&#160;of perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000592350785492860♠"></span>339.392°</span><sup id="cite_ref-VSOP87_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Known <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">satellites</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">146</a> with formal designations; innumerable additional <a href="/wiki/Moonlet" title="Moonlet">moonlets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JPLmoons_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPLmoons-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UBC-20230511_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UBC-20230511-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa"><span class="anchor" id="Infobox_Physical_characteristics"></span>Physical characteristics<sup id="cite_ref-fact_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mean radius</div></th><td class="infobox-data">58,232&#160;km (36,184&#160;mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-13">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup>
<br /><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000914020000000000♠"></span>9.1402&#160;Earths</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equatorial</a> radius</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>60,268&#160;km (37,449&#160;mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-13">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000944900000000000♠"></span>9.449</span> Earths</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_pole" title="Geographical pole">Polar</a> radius</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>54,364&#160;km (33,780&#160;mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-13">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000855200000000000♠"></span>8.552&#160;Earths</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Flattening" title="Flattening">Flattening</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998979600000000000♠"></span>0.097<span style="margin-left:.25em;">96</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Circumference</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span style="white-space: nowrap">365<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">882.4</span></span>&#160;km <small><a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equatorial</a> (<span style="white-space: nowrap">227<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">348.8</span></span>&#160;mi)</small><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Spheroid#Surface_area" title="Spheroid">Surface area</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>4.27<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>10</sup>&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (1.65<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>10</sup>&#160;sq&#160;mi)<sup id="cite_ref-nasafact_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasafact-15">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1bar_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-13">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001837030000000000♠"></span>83.703&#160;Earths</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">Volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>8.2713<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>14</sup>&#160;km<sup>3</sup> (1.9844<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>14</sup>&#160;cu&#160;mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-13">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002763590000000000♠"></span>763.59&#160;Earths</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7026568340000000000♠"></span>5.6834<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>26</sup>&#160;kg</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001951590000000000♠"></span>95.159&#160;Earths</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mean <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.687&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cubic_centimetre" title="Cubic centimetre">cm<sup>3</sup></a> (0.0248&#160;<a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">lb/cu&#160;in</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_b_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar_b-16">&#91;b&#93;</a></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">(less than water)</span> <br />
<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999124600000000000♠"></span>0.1246</span> Earths</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Surface_gravity" title="Surface gravity">Surface gravity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>10.44&#160;<a href="/wiki/Metre_per_second_squared" title="Metre per second squared">m/s<sup>2</sup></a> (34.3&#160;<a href="/wiki/Foot_per_second_squared" title="Foot per second squared">ft/s<sup>2</sup></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-13">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li>1.065 <i><a href="/wiki/G-force" title="G-force">g</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Moment_of_inertia_factor" title="Moment of inertia factor">Moment of inertia factor</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999220000000000000♠"></span>0.22</span><sup id="cite_ref-Fortney2018_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortney2018-17">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">Escape velocity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">35.5&#160;km/s (22.1&#160;mi/s)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-13">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Synodic_rotation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Synodic rotation period">Synodic rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 h 32 m 36 s; <br />10.5433 hours,<sup id="cite_ref-CSeligman_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSeligman-18">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> 10 h 39 m; <br />10.7 hours<sup id="cite_ref-JPL_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_rotation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidereal rotation period">Sidereal rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap">10<sup>h</sup> 33<sup>m</sup> 38<sup>s</sup></span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+<span class="nowrap"> 1<sup>m</sup> 52<sup>s</sup></span></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">&#8722;<span class="nowrap"> 1<sup>m</sup> 19<sup>s</sup></span></sub></span>&#8201;</span><sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20190118_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20190118-19">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APJ-20190117_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APJ-20190117-20">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Equatorial rotation&#160;velocity</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9.87&#160;km/s (6.13&#160;mi/s; 35,500&#160;km/h)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-13">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">Axial tilt</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">26.73° <span style="font-size:85%;">(to orbit)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">North&#160;pole <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">right ascension</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data">40.589°; <span class="nowrap">2<sup>h</sup> 42<sup>m</sup> 21<sup>s</sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">North&#160;pole <a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">declination</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">83.537°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>0.342 (<a href="/wiki/Bond_albedo" title="Bond albedo">Bond</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Hanel_et_al_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanel_et_al-21">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li>0.499 (<a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_et_al_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_et_al-22">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; background-color:#f9f9f9; margin:0; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr>
<th style="width:33%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">Surface <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temp.</a></th>
<th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">min</th>
<th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">mean</th>
<th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">max</th>
</tr><tr>
<th style="padding-left:1.0em">1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bar</a></th>
<td style="text-align:center"></td>
<td style="text-align:center">134 K</td>
<td style="text-align:center"></td>
</tr><tr>
<th style="padding-left:1.0em">0.1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bar</a></th>
<td style="text-align:center">88 K<sup id="cite_ref-min_max_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-min_max-23">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup></td>
<td style="text-align:center">97 K<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup></td>
<td style="text-align:center">151 K<sup id="cite_ref-min_max_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-min_max-23">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−0.55<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-25">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup> to +1.17<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-25">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Solar_System_bodies_(H)" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude&#160;<i>(H)</i></a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−9.7<sup id="cite_ref-IMCCE_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMCCE-26">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Angular_diameter" title="Angular diameter">Angular diameter</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">14.5″ to 20.1″ (excludes rings)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa">Atmosphere<sup id="cite_ref-fact_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Surface <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">pressure</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">140&#160;kPa<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Scale_height" title="Scale height">Scale height</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">59.5&#160;km (37.0&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_chemistry#Atmospheric_composition" title="Atmospheric chemistry">Composition by volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999963000000000000♠"></span>96.3%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>2.4%</span> <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998325000000000000♠"></span>3.25%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>2.4%</span> <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997450000000000000♠"></span>0.45%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.2%</span> <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996125000000000000♠"></span>0.0125%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.0075%</span> <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996109999999999999♠"></span>0.0110%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.0058%</span> <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_deuteride" title="Hydrogen deuteride">hydrogen deuteride</a></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994700000000000000♠"></span>0.0007%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.00015%</span> <a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a></li>
<li>Icy <a href="/wiki/Volatile_(astrogeology)" title="Volatile (astrogeology)">volatiles</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">water ice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_hydrosulfide" title="Ammonium hydrosulfide">ammonium hydrosulfide</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
</div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Saturn</b> is the sixth <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> and the second-largest in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Gas_giant" title="Gas giant">gas giant</a> with an average radius of about nine-and-a-half times that of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Radius_ref_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radius_ref-28">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Radius_ref_2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radius_ref_2-29">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup> It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth, but is over 95 times more massive.<sup id="cite_ref-Mass_ref_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mass_ref-30">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mass_ref_2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mass_ref_2-31">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mass_ref_3_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mass_ref_3-32">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Saturn's interior is thought to be composed of a rocky core, surrounded by a deep layer of <a href="/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen" title="Metallic hydrogen">metallic hydrogen</a>, an intermediate layer of <a href="/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen" title="Liquid hydrogen">liquid hydrogen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquid_helium" title="Liquid helium">liquid helium</a>, and finally, a gaseous outer layer. Saturn has a pale yellow hue due to <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> crystals in its upper atmosphere. An <a href="/wiki/Electrical_current" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical current">electrical current</a> within the metallic hydrogen layer is thought to give rise to Saturn's planetary <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic field</a>, which is weaker than Earth's, but which has a <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_moment" title="Magnetic moment">magnetic moment</a> 580 times that of Earth due to Saturn's larger size. Saturn's magnetic field strength is around one-twentieth of Jupiter's.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-33">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> The outer <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> is generally bland and lacking in contrast, although long-lived features can appear. <a href="/wiki/Wind_speed" title="Wind speed">Wind speeds</a> on Saturn can reach 1,800 kilometres per hour (1,100 miles per hour).
</p><p>The planet has a prominent <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">ring system</a>, which is composed mainly of ice particles, with a smaller amount of rocky debris and <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">dust</a>. At least <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">146 moons</a><sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2023-J49_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2023-J49-34">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup> are known to orbit the planet, of which 63 are officially named; this does not include the hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Moonlet" title="Moonlet">moonlets</a> in its rings. <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>, Saturn's largest moon and the second largest in the Solar System, is larger (while less massive) than the planet <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> and is the only moon in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-Titan_ref_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Titan_ref-35">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" />
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Name_and_symbol">Name and symbol</span></h2>
<p>Saturn is named after the Roman <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">god of wealth and agriculture</a> and father of Jupiter. Its <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical symbol">astronomical symbol</a> <span class="nowrap">(<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="♄"><img alt="♄" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/32px-Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span>)</span> has been traced back to the Greek <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri" title="Oxyrhynchus Papyri">Oxyrhynchus Papyri</a>, where it can be seen to be a Greek <a href="/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa">kappa</a>-<a href="/wiki/Rho" title="Rho">rho</a> ligature with a <a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation#Forms" title="Scribal abbreviation">horizontal stroke</a>, as an abbreviation for <i>Κρονος</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a>), the Greek name for the planet (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_symbol_(late_classical_and_medieval_mss).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Saturn_symbol_%28late_classical_and_medieval_mss%29.png/41px-Saturn_symbol_%28late_classical_and_medieval_mss%29.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Saturn_symbol_%28late_classical_and_medieval_mss%29.png/62px-Saturn_symbol_%28late_classical_and_medieval_mss%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Saturn_symbol_%28late_classical_and_medieval_mss%29.png/82px-Saturn_symbol_%28late_classical_and_medieval_mss%29.png 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="91" /></a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-jones-1999_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-1999-36">&#91;34&#93;</a></sup>
It later came to look like a lower-case Greek <a href="/wiki/Eta" title="Eta">eta</a>, with the cross added at the top in the 16th century to Christianize this pagan symbol.
</p><p>The Romans named the seventh day of the week <a href="/wiki/Saturday" title="Saturday">Saturday</a>, <i>Sāturni diēs</i> ("Saturn's Day"), for the planet Saturn.<sup id="cite_ref-days_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-days-37">&#91;35&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</span></h2>
<p>Saturn is a <a href="/wiki/Gas_giant" title="Gas giant">gas giant</a> composed predominantly of hydrogen and helium. It lacks a definite surface, though it is likely to have a solid core.<sup id="cite_ref-melosh2011_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-melosh2011-38">&#91;36&#93;</a></sup> Saturn's rotation causes it to have the shape of an <a href="/wiki/Oblate_spheroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblate spheroid">oblate spheroid</a>; that is, it is <a href="/wiki/Flattening" title="Flattening">flattened</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_pole" title="Geographical pole">poles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_bulge" title="Equatorial bulge">bulges</a> at its <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>. Its equatorial radius is more than 10% larger than its polar radius: 60,268&#160;km versus 54,364&#160;km.<sup id="cite_ref-fact_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> Jupiter, <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>, the other giant planets in the Solar System, are also oblate but to a lesser extent. The combination of the bulge and rotation rate means that the effective surface gravity along the equator, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000896000000000000♠"></span>8.96&#160;m/s<sup>2</sup></span>, is 74% of what it is at the poles and is lower than the surface gravity of Earth. However, the equatorial <a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">escape velocity</a> of nearly <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004360000000000000♠"></span>36&#160;km/s</span> is much higher than that of Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-Gregersen2010_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregersen2010-39">&#91;37&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Saturn is the only planet of the Solar System that is less dense than water—about 30% less.<sup id="cite_ref-preserve_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preserve-40">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup> Although Saturn's <a href="/wiki/Planetary_core" title="Planetary core">core</a> is considerably denser than water, the average <a href="/wiki/Relative_density" title="Relative density">specific density</a> of the planet is <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002690000000000000♠"></span>0.69&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup></span> due to the atmosphere. Jupiter has 318 times <a href="/wiki/Earth_mass" title="Earth mass">Earth's mass</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Jupiter_fact_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jupiter_fact-41">&#91;39&#93;</a></sup> and Saturn is 95 times Earth's mass.<sup id="cite_ref-fact_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> Together, Jupiter and Saturn hold 92% of the total planetary mass in the Solar System.<sup id="cite_ref-ssr152_1_423_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssr152_1_423-42">&#91;40&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Internal_structure">Internal structure</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Saturn_diagram.svg/330px-Saturn_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Saturn_diagram.svg/495px-Saturn_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Saturn_diagram.svg/660px-Saturn_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of Saturn, to scale</figcaption></figure><p>Despite consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium, most of Saturn's mass is not in the <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> <a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" title="Phase (matter)">phase</a>, because hydrogen becomes a <a href="/wiki/Ideal_solution" title="Ideal solution">non-ideal liquid</a> when the density is above <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠"></span>0.01&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup></span>, which is reached at a radius containing 99.9% of Saturn's mass. The temperature, pressure, and density inside Saturn all rise steadily toward the core, which causes hydrogen to be a metal in the deeper layers.<sup id="cite_ref-ssr152_1_423_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssr152_1_423-42">&#91;40&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Standard planetary models suggest that the interior of Saturn is similar to that of Jupiter, having a small rocky core surrounded by hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of various <a href="/wiki/Volatile_(astrogeology)" title="Volatile (astrogeology)">volatiles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guillot_et_al2009_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guillot_et_al2009-43">&#91;41&#93;</a></sup> Analysis of the distortion shows that Saturn is substantially more centrally condensed than <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> and therefore contains a significantly larger amount of material denser than <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> near its centre. Saturn's central regions contain about 50% hydrogen by mass, while Jupiter's contain approximately 67% hydrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">&#91;42&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>This core is similar in composition to Earth, but is more dense. The examination of Saturn's <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_moment" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitational moment">gravitational moment</a>, in combination with physical models of the interior, has allowed constraints to be placed on the mass of Saturn's core. In 2004, scientists estimated that the core must be 9–22 times the mass of Earth,<sup id="cite_ref-science305_5689_1414_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science305_5689_1414-45">&#91;43&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-apj609_2_1170_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apj609_2_1170-46">&#91;44&#93;</a></sup> which corresponds to a diameter of about 25,000&#160;km.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">&#91;45&#93;</a></sup> However, measurements of Saturn's rings suggest a much more diffuse core with a mass equal to about 17 Earths and a radius equal to around 60% of Saturn's entire radius.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">&#91;46&#93;</a></sup> This is surrounded by a thicker liquid <a href="/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen" title="Metallic hydrogen">metallic hydrogen</a> layer, followed by a liquid layer of helium-saturated <a href="/wiki/Molecular_hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular hydrogen">molecular hydrogen</a> that gradually transitions to a gas with increasing altitude. The outermost layer spans 1,000&#160;km and consists of gas.<sup id="cite_ref-faure_mensing2007_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faure_mensing2007-49">&#91;47&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NMM_Saturn_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NMM_Saturn-50">&#91;48&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">&#91;49&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Saturn has a hot interior, reaching 11,700&#160;°C at its core, and radiates 2.5 times more energy into space than it receives from the Sun. Jupiter's <a href="/wiki/Thermal_energy" title="Thermal energy">thermal energy</a> is generated by the <a href="/wiki/Kelvin%E2%80%93Helmholtz_mechanism" title="Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism">Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism</a> of slow <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_compression" title="Gravitational compression">gravitational compression</a>, but such a process alone may not be sufficient to explain heat production for Saturn, because it is less massive. An alternative or additional mechanism may be the generation of heat through the "raining out" of droplets of helium deep in Saturn's interior. As the droplets descend through the lower-density hydrogen, the process releases heat by <a href="/wiki/Friction" title="Friction">friction</a> and leaves Saturn's outer layers depleted of helium.<sup id="cite_ref-de_pater_lissauer2010_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_pater_lissauer2010-52">&#91;50&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nasa_saturn_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa_saturn-53">&#91;51&#93;</a></sup> These descending droplets may have accumulated into a helium shell surrounding the core.<sup id="cite_ref-guillot_et_al2009_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guillot_et_al2009-43">&#91;41&#93;</a></sup> Rainfalls of <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamonds</a> have been suggested to occur within Saturn, as well as in Jupiter<sup id="cite_ref-SC-20131009_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SC-20131009-54">&#91;52&#93;</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ice_giant" title="Ice giant">ice giants</a> Uranus and Neptune.<sup id="cite_ref-WP-20170825_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-20170825-55">&#91;53&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Atmosphere">Atmosphere</span></h3>
<p>The outer atmosphere of Saturn contains 96.3% molecular hydrogen and 3.25% helium by volume.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">&#91;54&#93;</a></sup> The proportion of helium is significantly deficient compared to the abundance of this element in the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-guillot_et_al2009_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guillot_et_al2009-43">&#91;41&#93;</a></sup> The quantity of elements heavier than helium (<a href="/wiki/Metallicity" title="Metallicity">metallicity</a>) is not known precisely, but the proportions are assumed to match the primordial abundances from the <a href="/wiki/Formation_of_the_Solar_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of the Solar System">formation of the Solar System</a>. The total mass of these heavier elements is estimated to be 19–31 times the mass of Earth, with a significant fraction located in Saturn's core region.<sup id="cite_ref-science286_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science286-57">&#91;55&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Trace amounts of ammonia, <a href="/wiki/Acetylene" title="Acetylene">acetylene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">propane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphine" title="Phosphine">phosphine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> have been detected in Saturn's atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-baas15_831_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baas15_831-58">&#91;56&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cain2009_24029_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cain2009_24029-59">&#91;57&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pfsaa2008_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pfsaa2008-60">&#91;58&#93;</a></sup> The upper clouds are composed of ammonia crystals, while the lower level clouds appear to consist of either <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_hydrosulfide" title="Ammonium hydrosulfide">ammonium hydrosulfide</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">NH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>SH</span>) or water.<sup id="cite_ref-martinez20050905_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martinez20050905-61">&#91;59&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet radiation">Ultraviolet radiation</a> from the Sun causes methane <a href="/wiki/Photolysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Photolysis">photolysis</a> in the upper atmosphere, leading to a series of <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> chemical reactions with the resulting products being carried downward by <a href="/wiki/Eddies" class="mw-redirect" title="Eddies">eddies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion">diffusion</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Photochemical_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Photochemical cycle">photochemical cycle</a> is modulated by Saturn's annual seasonal cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-pfsaa2008_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pfsaa2008-60">&#91;58&#93;</a></sup> <i>Cassini</i> observed a series of cloud features found in northern latitudes, nicknamed the "String of Pearls". These features are cloud clearings that reside in deeper cloud layers.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">&#91;60&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Cloud_layers">Cloud layers</span></h4>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_Storm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Saturn_Storm.jpg/220px-Saturn_Storm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Saturn_Storm.jpg/330px-Saturn_Storm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Saturn_Storm.jpg/440px-Saturn_Storm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="1015" /></a><figcaption>A global storm girdles the planet in 2011. The storm passes around the planet, such that the storm's head (bright area) passes its tail.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Saturn's atmosphere exhibits a banded pattern similar to Jupiter's, but Saturn's bands are much fainter and are much wider near the equator. The nomenclature used to describe these bands is the same as on Jupiter. Saturn's finer cloud patterns were not observed until the flybys of the <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Space_Probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Voyager Space Probe">Voyager</a></i> spacecraft during the 1980s. Since then, Earth-based <a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescopy</a> has improved to the point where regular observations can be made.<sup id="cite_ref-emp105_2_143_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emp105_2_143-63">&#91;61&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The composition of the clouds varies with depth and increasing pressure. In the upper cloud layers, with temperatures in the range of 100–160&#160;K and pressures extending between 0.5–2 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bar</a>, the clouds consist of ammonia ice. Water <a href="/wiki/Ice_cloud" title="Ice cloud">ice clouds</a> begin at a level where the pressure is about 2.5 bar and extend down to 9.5 bar, where temperatures range from 185 to 270&#160;K. Intermixed in this layer is a band of ammonium hydrosulfide ice, lying in the pressure range 3–6 bar with temperatures of 190–235&#160;K. Finally, the lower layers, where pressures are between 10 and 20 bar and temperatures are 270–330&#160;K, contains a region of water droplets with ammonia in aqueous solution.<sup id="cite_ref-dougherty_esposito2009_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dougherty_esposito2009-64">&#91;62&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Saturn's usually bland atmosphere occasionally exhibits long-lived ovals and other features common on Jupiter. In 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> imaged an enormous white cloud near Saturn's equator that was not present during the <i>Voyager</i> encounters, and in 1994 another smaller storm was observed. The 1990 storm was an example of a <a href="/wiki/Great_White_Spot" title="Great White Spot">Great White Spot</a>, a short-lived phenomenon that occurs once every Saturnian year, roughly every 30 Earth years, around the time of the northern hemisphere's <a href="/wiki/Summer_solstice" title="Summer solstice">summer solstice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-icarus176_1_155_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icarus176_1_155-65">&#91;63&#93;</a></sup> Previous Great White Spots were observed in 1876, 1903, 1933 and 1960, with the 1933 storm being the best observed.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">&#91;64&#93;</a></sup> The latest giant storm was observed in 2010. In 2015, researchers used <a href="/wiki/Very_Large_Array" title="Very Large Array">Very Large Array</a> telescope to study Saturnian atmosphere, and reported that they found "long-lasting signatures of all mid-latitude giant storms, a mixture of equatorial storms up to hundreds of years old, and potentially an unreported older storm at 70°N".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">&#91;65&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The winds on Saturn are the second fastest among the Solar System's planets, after Neptune's. <i>Voyager</i> data indicate peak easterly winds of 500&#160;m/s (1,800&#160;km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_Summary_1_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voyager_Summary_1-68">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup> In images from the <i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i> spacecraft during 2007, Saturn's northern hemisphere displayed a bright blue hue, similar to Uranus. The color was most likely caused by <a href="/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering" title="Rayleigh scattering">Rayleigh scattering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">&#91;67&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thermography" title="Thermography">Thermography</a> has shown that Saturn's south pole has a warm <a href="/wiki/Polar_vortex" title="Polar vortex">polar vortex</a>, the only known example of such a phenomenon in the Solar System.<sup id="cite_ref-MCP_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCP-70">&#91;68&#93;</a></sup> Whereas temperatures on Saturn are normally −185&#160;°C, temperatures on the vortex often reach as high as −122&#160;°C, suspected to be the warmest spot on Saturn.<sup id="cite_ref-MCP_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCP-70">&#91;68&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Hexagonal_cloud_patterns">Hexagonal cloud patterns</span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saturn%27s_hexagon" title="Saturn&#39;s hexagon">Saturn's hexagon</a></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096954695/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:197px;max-width:197px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:195px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotatingsaturnhexagon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Rotatingsaturnhexagon.gif/195px-Rotatingsaturnhexagon.gif" decoding="async" width="195" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Rotatingsaturnhexagon.gif/293px-Rotatingsaturnhexagon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Rotatingsaturnhexagon.gif 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:191px;max-width:191px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:195px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Looking_saturn_in_the_eye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Looking_saturn_in_the_eye.jpg/189px-Looking_saturn_in_the_eye.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Looking_saturn_in_the_eye.jpg/284px-Looking_saturn_in_the_eye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Looking_saturn_in_the_eye.jpg/378px-Looking_saturn_in_the_eye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Saturn's north and south pole in <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a></div></div></div></div>
<p><span class="anchor" id="North_pole_hexagonal_cloud_pattern"></span><span class="anchor" id="South_pole_vortex"></span>A persisting <a href="/wiki/Hexagon" title="Hexagon">hexagonal</a> wave pattern around the north polar vortex in the atmosphere at about 78°N was first noted in the <i>Voyager</i> images.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">&#91;69&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">&#91;70&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20140806_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20140806-73">&#91;71&#93;</a></sup> The sides of the hexagon are each about 14,500&#160;km (9,000&#160;mi) long, which is longer than the diameter of the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-Hexagon_ref_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hexagon_ref-74">&#91;72&#93;</a></sup> The entire structure rotates with a period of <span class="nowrap">10<sup>h</sup> 39<sup>m</sup> 24<sup>s</sup></span> (the same period as that of the planet's radio emissions) which is assumed to be equal to the period of rotation of Saturn's interior.<sup id="cite_ref-science247_4947_1206_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science247_4947_1206-75">&#91;73&#93;</a></sup> The hexagonal feature does not shift in longitude like the other clouds in the visible atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-pss57_14_1671_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pss57_14_1671-76">&#91;74&#93;</a></sup> The pattern's origin is a matter of much speculation. Most scientists think it is a <a href="/wiki/Standing_wave" title="Standing wave">standing wave</a> pattern in the atmosphere. Polygonal shapes have been replicated in the laboratory through differential rotation of fluids.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">&#91;75&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-labmodel_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labmodel-78">&#91;76&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">HST</a> imaging of the south polar region indicates the presence of a <a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">jet stream</a>, but no strong polar vortex nor any hexagonal standing wave.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">&#91;77&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> reported in November 2006 that <i>Cassini</i> had observed a "<a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a>-like" storm locked to the south pole that had a clearly defined <a href="/wiki/Eyewall" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyewall">eyewall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">&#91;78&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">&#91;79&#93;</a></sup> Eyewall clouds had not previously been seen on any planet other than Earth. For example, images from the <i><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Galileo (spacecraft)">Galileo</a></i> spacecraft did not show an eyewall in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Red_Spot" title="Great Red Spot">Great Red Spot</a> of Jupiter.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The south pole storm may have been present for billions of years.<sup id="cite_ref-spole_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spole-83">&#91;81&#93;</a></sup> This vortex is comparable to the size of Earth, and it has winds of 550&#160;km/h.<sup id="cite_ref-spole_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spole-83">&#91;81&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magnetosphere">Magnetosphere</span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere_of_Saturn" title="Magnetosphere of Saturn">Magnetosphere of Saturn</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubble_sees_a_flickering_light_display_on_Saturn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hubble_sees_a_flickering_light_display_on_Saturn.jpg/220px-Hubble_sees_a_flickering_light_display_on_Saturn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hubble_sees_a_flickering_light_display_on_Saturn.jpg/330px-Hubble_sees_a_flickering_light_display_on_Saturn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hubble_sees_a_flickering_light_display_on_Saturn.jpg/440px-Hubble_sees_a_flickering_light_display_on_Saturn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3519" data-file-height="2222" /></a><figcaption>Auroral lights at Saturn's north pole</figcaption></figure>
<p>Saturn has an intrinsic <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic field</a> that has a simple, symmetric shape—a magnetic <a href="/wiki/Dipole" title="Dipole">dipole</a>. Its strength at the equator—0.2&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gauss_(unit)" title="Gauss (unit)">gauss</a> (<a href="/wiki/Microtesla" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtesla">µT</a>)—is approximately one twentieth of that of the field around Jupiter and slightly weaker than Earth's magnetic field.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-33">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> As a result, Saturn's <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">magnetosphere</a> is much smaller than Jupiter's.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_2_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag_2-84">&#91;82&#93;</a></sup> When <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> entered the magnetosphere, the <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a> pressure was high and the magnetosphere extended only 19 Saturn radii, or 1.1&#160;million km (712,000&#160;mi),<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">&#91;83&#93;</a></sup> although it enlarged within several hours, and remained so for about three days.<sup id="cite_ref-atkinson2010_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atkinson2010-86">&#91;84&#93;</a></sup> Most probably, the magnetic field is generated similarly to that of Jupiter—by currents in the liquid metallic-hydrogen layer called a metallic-hydrogen dynamo.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_2_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag_2-84">&#91;82&#93;</a></sup> This magnetosphere is efficient at deflecting the <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a> particles from the Sun. The moon Titan orbits within the outer part of Saturn's magnetosphere and contributes plasma from the <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ionized</a> particles in Titan's outer atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-33">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> Saturn's magnetosphere, like <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field" title="Earth&#39;s magnetic field">Earth's</a>, produces <a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora">aurorae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">&#91;85&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Orbit_and_rotation">Orbit and rotation</span></h2>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif/220px-Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif/330px-Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif/440px-Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Animation of Saturn and the Solar System's <a href="/wiki/Outer_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer planet">outer planets</a> orbiting around the Sun</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturnoppositions-animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Saturnoppositions-animated.gif" decoding="async" width="175" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="112" /></a><figcaption>Simulated appearance of Saturn as seen from Earth (at opposition) during an orbit of Saturn, 2001–2029</figcaption></figure><p>The average distance between Saturn and the Sun is over 1.4&#160;billion kilometers (9&#160;<a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a>). With an average orbital speed of 9.68&#160;km/s,<sup id="cite_ref-fact_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> it takes Saturn 10,759 Earth days (or about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac" role="math">29<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>&#8260;<span class="den">2</span></span>&#160;years)<sup id="cite_ref-cain2009_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cain2009-88">&#91;86&#93;</a></sup> to finish one revolution around the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-fact_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> As a consequence, it forms a near 5:2 <a href="/wiki/Mean-motion_resonance" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean-motion resonance">mean-motion resonance</a> with Jupiter.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup> The elliptical orbit of Saturn is inclined 2.48° relative to the <a href="/wiki/Orbital_plane" title="Orbital plane">orbital plane</a> of the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-fact_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">perihelion and aphelion</a> distances are, respectively, 9.195 and 9.957&#160;AU, on average.<sup id="cite_ref-fact_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">&#91;88&#93;</a></sup> The visible features on Saturn rotate at different rates depending on latitude, and multiple rotation periods have been assigned to various regions (as in Jupiter's case).
</p><p>Astronomers use three different systems for specifying the rotation rate of Saturn. <i>System&#160;I</i> has a period of <span class="nowrap">10<sup>h</sup> 14<sup>m</sup> 00<sup>s</sup></span> (844.3°/d) and encompasses the Equatorial Zone, the South Equatorial Belt, and the North Equatorial Belt. The polar regions are considered to have rotation rates similar to <i>System&#160;I</i>. All other Saturnian latitudes, excluding the north and south polar regions, are indicated as <i>System&#160;II</i> and have been assigned a rotation period of <span class="nowrap">10<sup>h</sup> 38<sup>m</sup> 25.4<sup>s</sup></span> (810.76°/d). <i>System&#160;III</i> refers to Saturn's internal rotation rate. Based on <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">radio emissions</a> from the planet detected by <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i> and <i>Voyager 2</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup> System&#160;III has a rotation period of <span class="nowrap">10<sup>h</sup> 39<sup>m</sup> 22.4<sup>s</sup></span> (810.8°/d). System&#160;III has largely superseded System&#160;II.<sup id="cite_ref-benton2006_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benton2006-92">&#91;90&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>A precise value for the rotation period of the interior remains elusive. While approaching Saturn in 2004, <i>Cassini</i> found that the radio rotation period of Saturn had increased appreciably, to approximately <span class="nowrap">10<sup>h</sup> 45<sup>m</sup> 45<sup>s</sup></span> <span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span><span class="nowrap"> 36<sup>s</sup></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">&#91;91&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cain2008_15298_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cain2008_15298-94">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup> An estimate of Saturn's rotation (as an indicated rotation rate for Saturn as a whole) based on a compilation of various measurements from the <i>Cassini</i>, <i>Voyager</i> and <i>Pioneer</i> probes is <span class="nowrap">10<sup>h</sup> 32<sup>m</sup> 35<sup>s</sup></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson2007_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson2007-95">&#91;93&#93;</a></sup> Studies of the planet's <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn#C_Ring" title="Rings of Saturn">C Ring</a> yield a rotation period of <span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap">10<sup>h</sup> 33<sup>m</sup> 38<sup>s</sup></span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+<span class="nowrap"> 1<sup>m</sup> 52<sup>s</sup></span></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">&#8722;<span class="nowrap"> 1<sup>m</sup> 19<sup>s</sup></span></sub></span> </span>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20190118_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20190118-19">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APJ-20190117_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APJ-20190117-20">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In March 2007, it was found that the variation in radio emissions from the planet did not match Saturn's rotation rate. This variance may be caused by geyser activity on Saturn's moon <a href="/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a>. The water vapor emitted into Saturn's orbit by this activity becomes charged and creates a drag upon Saturn's magnetic field, slowing its rotation slightly relative to the rotation of the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">&#91;94&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-science316_5823_442_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science316_5823_442-97">&#91;95&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-science316_5823_380_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science316_5823_380-98">&#91;96&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>An apparent oddity for Saturn is that it does not have any known <a href="/wiki/Trojan_asteroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Trojan asteroid">trojan asteroids</a>. These are minor planets that orbit the Sun at the stable <a href="/wiki/Lagrangian_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagrangian point">Lagrangian points</a>, designated L<sub>4</sub> and L<sub>5</sub>, located at 60° angles to the planet along its orbit. Trojan asteroids have been discovered for <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune. <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">Orbital resonance</a> mechanisms, including <a href="/wiki/Secular_resonance" title="Secular resonance">secular resonance</a>, are believed to be the cause of the missing Saturnian trojans.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">&#91;97&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Natural_satellites">Natural satellites</span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">Moons of Saturn</a></div>
<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg/400px-Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg/600px-Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg/800px-Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>Artist conception of Saturn, its rings and major icy moons—from Mimas to Rhea</figcaption></figure>
<p>Saturn has 146 known <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">moons</a>, 63 of which have formal names.<sup id="cite_ref-UBC-20230511_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UBC-20230511-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JPLmoons_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPLmoons-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> It is estimated that there are other <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠"></span>100<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>30</span> outer irregular moons larger than 3&#160;km (2&#160;mi) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-Ashton2021_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashton2021-100">&#91;98&#93;</a></sup>
In addition, there is evidence of dozens to hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Moonlet" title="Moonlet">moonlets</a> with diameters of 40–500 meters in Saturn's rings,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">&#91;99&#93;</a></sup> which are not considered to be true moons. <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>, the largest moon, comprises more than 90% of the mass in orbit around Saturn, including the rings.<sup id="cite_ref-brunier2005_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brunier2005-102">&#91;100&#93;</a></sup> Saturn's second-largest moon, <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(moon)" title="Rhea (moon)">Rhea</a>, may have a tenuous <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Rhea" title="Rings of Rhea">ring system of its own</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Jones2008_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones2008-103">&#91;101&#93;</a></sup> along with a tenuous <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atkinson20101126_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atkinson20101126-104">&#91;102&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">&#91;103&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ryan20101126_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryan20101126-106">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Many of the other moons are small: 131 are less than 50&#160;km in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-Saturn_moons_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saturn_moons-107">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup> Traditionally, most of Saturn's moons have been named after <a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a> of Greek mythology. Titan is the only satellite in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> with a major <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Titan" title="Atmosphere of Titan">atmosphere</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">&#91;106&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">&#91;107&#93;</a></sup> in which a complex <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemistry</a> occurs. It is the only satellite with <a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_Titan" title="Lakes of Titan">hydrocarbon lakes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">&#91;108&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">&#91;109&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On 6 June 2013, scientists at the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Astrof%C3%ADsica_de_Andaluc%C3%ADa" title="Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía">IAA-CSIC</a> reported the detection of <a href="/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon" title="Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_atmosphere" title="Upper atmosphere">upper atmosphere</a> of Titan, a <a href="/wiki/PAH_world_hypothesis" title="PAH world hypothesis">possible precursor for life</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IAA-20130606_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAA-20130606-112">&#91;110&#93;</a></sup> On 23 June 2014, NASA claimed to have strong evidence that <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> in the atmosphere of Titan came from materials in the <a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a>, associated with <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a>, and not from the materials that formed Saturn in earlier times.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-201450623_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-201450623-113">&#91;111&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Saturn's moon <a href="/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a>, which seems similar in chemical makeup to comets,<sup id="cite_ref-NS-20080326_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NS-20080326-114">&#91;112&#93;</a></sup> has often been regarded as a potential <a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">habitat</a> for <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microbial life</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">&#91;113&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-madrigal20090624_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madrigal20090624-116">&#91;114&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spotts20050928_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spotts20050928-117">&#91;115&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">&#91;116&#93;</a></sup> Evidence of this possibility includes the satellite's salt-rich particles having an "ocean-like" composition that indicates most of Enceladus's expelled <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a> comes from the evaporation of liquid salt water.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">&#91;117&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">&#91;118&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> A 2015 flyby by <i>Cassini</i> through a plume on Enceladus found most of the ingredients to sustain life forms that live by <a href="/wiki/Methanogenesis" title="Methanogenesis">methanogenesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa20170413_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa20170413-122">&#91;120&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2014, NASA scientists reported the possible beginning of a new moon within the <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn#A_Ring" title="Rings of Saturn">A Ring</a>, which was imaged by <i>Cassini</i> on 15 April 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140414a_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140414a-123">&#91;121&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Planetary_rings">Planetary rings</span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">Rings of Saturn</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_(2007-01-19).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg/220px-Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg/330px-Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg/440px-Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4088" data-file-height="2908" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">rings of Saturn</a> (imaged here by <i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i> in 2007) are the most massive and conspicuous in the Solar System.<sup id="cite_ref-NMM_Saturn_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NMM_Saturn-50">&#91;48&#93;</a></sup></figcaption></figure>
<p>Saturn is probably best known for the system of <a href="/wiki/Planetary_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary ring">planetary rings</a> that makes it visually unique.<sup id="cite_ref-NMM_Saturn_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NMM_Saturn-50">&#91;48&#93;</a></sup> The rings extend from 6,630 to 120,700 kilometers (4,120 to 75,000&#160;mi) outward from Saturn's equator and average approximately 20 meters (66&#160;ft) in thickness. They are composed predominantly of water ice, with trace amounts of <a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">tholin</a> impurities and a peppered coating of approximately 7% amorphous <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">&#91;122&#93;</a></sup> The particles that make up the rings range in size from specks of dust up to 10&#160;m.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">&#91;123&#93;</a></sup> While the other <a href="/wiki/Gas_giant" title="Gas giant">gas giants</a> also have ring systems, Saturn's is the largest and most visible.
</p><p>There are two main hypotheses regarding the origin of the rings. One hypothesis is that the rings are remnants of a destroyed moon of Saturn, for which a research team at MIT has proposed the name "<a href="/wiki/Chrysalis_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysalis (moon)">Chrysalis</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">&#91;124&#93;</a></sup> The second hypothesis is that the rings are left over from the original <a href="/wiki/Nebula" title="Nebula">nebular</a> material from which Saturn was formed. Some ice in the E ring comes from the moon Enceladus's geysers.<sup id="cite_ref-Spahn_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spahn-127">&#91;125&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">&#91;126&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">&#91;127&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">&#91;128&#93;</a></sup> The water abundance of the rings varies radially, with the outermost ring A being the most pure in ice water. This abundance variance may be explained by meteor bombardment.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Beyond the main rings, at a distance of 12&#160;million km from the planet is the sparse Phoebe ring. It is tilted at an angle of 27° to the other rings and, like <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a>, orbits in <a href="/wiki/Retrograde_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrograde motion">retrograde</a> fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">&#91;130&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Some of the moons of Saturn, including <a href="/wiki/Pandora_(moon)" title="Pandora (moon)">Pandora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(moon)" title="Prometheus (moon)">Prometheus</a>, act as <a href="/wiki/Shepherd_moon" title="Shepherd moon">shepherd moons</a> to confine the rings and prevent them from spreading out.<sup id="cite_ref-russell2004_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russell2004-133">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pan_(moon)" title="Pan (moon)">Pan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(moon)" title="Atlas (moon)">Atlas</a> cause weak, linear density waves in Saturn's rings that have yielded more reliable calculations of their masses.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">&#91;132&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:2208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Natural-color mosaic of Cassini narrow-angle camera images of the unilluminated side of Saturn&#39;s D, C, B, A and F rings (left to right) taken on May 9, 2007 (distances are to the planet&#39;s center)."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg/2200px-Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="2200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg/3300px-Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg/4400px-Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11795" data-file-height="1425" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg" title="File:Saturn&#39;s rings dark side mosaic.jpg"> </a></div>Natural-color mosaic of <i>Cassini</i> narrow-angle camera images of the unilluminated side of Saturn's D, C, B, A and F rings (left to right) taken on May 9, 2007 (distances are to the planet's center).</div></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History_of_observation_and_exploration">History of observation and exploration</span></h2>
<p>The observation and exploration of Saturn can be divided into three phases: (1) pre-modern observations with the <a href="/wiki/Naked_eye" title="Naked eye">naked eye</a>, (2) telescopic observations from Earth beginning in the 17th century, and (3) visitation by <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probes</a>, in orbit or on <a href="/wiki/Planetary_flyby" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary flyby">flyby</a>. In the 21st century, telescopic observations continue from Earth (including <a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Earth-orbiting</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">observatories</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a>) and, until <a href="/wiki/Cassini_retirement" title="Cassini retirement">its 2017 retirement</a>, from the <i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i> orbiter around Saturn.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pre-telescopic_observation">Pre-telescopic observation</span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Saturn (mythology)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology#Saturn" title="Planets in astrology">Planets in astrology §&#160;Saturn</a></div>
<p>Saturn has been known since prehistoric times,<sup id="cite_ref-NMM_Saturn_2_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NMM_Saturn_2-135">&#91;133&#93;</a></sup> and in early recorded history it was a major character in various mythologies. <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astronomy" title="Babylonian astronomy">Babylonian astronomers</a> systematically observed and recorded the movements of Saturn.<sup id="cite_ref-ptrsl276_1257_43_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ptrsl276_1257_43-136">&#91;134&#93;</a></sup> In ancient Greek, the planet was known as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Φαίνων</span></span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Phaenon" title="Phaenon">Phainon</a></b></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">&#91;135&#93;</a></sup> and in Roman times it was known as the "star of <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Saturn</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">ancient Roman mythology</a>, the planet Phainon was sacred to this agricultural god, from which the planet takes its modern name.<sup id="cite_ref-Saturn_in_ancient_mythologies_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saturn_in_ancient_mythologies-139">&#91;137&#93;</a></sup> The Romans considered the god Saturnus the equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek god</a> <a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a>; in modern <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, the planet retains the name <i>Cronus</i>—<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Κρόνος</span></span>: <i>Kronos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">&#91;138&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The Greek scientist <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> based his calculations of Saturn's orbit on observations he made while it was in <a href="/wiki/Opposition_(astronomy)" title="Opposition (astronomy)">opposition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ps04_1893_862_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ps04_1893_862-141">&#91;139&#93;</a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Hindu astrology</a>, there are nine astrological objects, known as <a href="/wiki/Navagraha" title="Navagraha">Navagrahas</a>. Saturn is known as "<a href="/wiki/Shani" title="Shani">Shani</a>" and judges everyone based on the good and bad deeds performed in life.<sup id="cite_ref-Saturn_in_ancient_mythologies_139-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saturn_in_ancient_mythologies-139">&#91;137&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ps04_1893_862_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ps04_1893_862-141">&#91;139&#93;</a></sup> Ancient <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese</a> and Japanese culture designated the planet Saturn as the "earth star" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">土星</span></span>). This was based on <a href="/wiki/Five_elements_(Chinese_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five elements (Chinese philosophy)">Five Elements</a> which were traditionally used to classify natural elements.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">&#91;140&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">&#91;142&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In ancient <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, Saturn is called <i>Shabbathai</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">&#91;143&#93;</a></sup> Its angel is <a href="/wiki/Cassiel" title="Cassiel">Cassiel</a>. Its intelligence or beneficial spirit is <a href="/wiki/Agiel" title="Agiel">'Agȋȇl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אגיאל</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>:&#160;</small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">ʿAgyal</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-TheMagus_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheMagus-146">&#91;144&#93;</a></sup> and its darker spirit (<a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demon</a>) is <a href="/wiki/Zazel_(spirit)" title="Zazel (spirit)">Zȃzȇl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">זאזל</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>:&#160;</small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Zazl</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-TheMagus_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheMagus-146">&#91;144&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CrystalLinks_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrystalLinks-147">&#91;145&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TC-20170308_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TC-20170308-148">&#91;146&#93;</a></sup> Zazel has been described as a <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">great angel</a>, invoked in <a href="/wiki/Solomon#Angels_and_magic" title="Solomon">Solomonic magic</a>, who is "effective in <a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">love conjurations</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FE-2014_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FE-2014-149">&#91;147&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HP-1998_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP-1998-150">&#91;148&#93;</a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>, the name of Zazel is 'Zuhal', derived from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">زحل</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>:&#160;</small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Zuhal</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-CrystalLinks_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrystalLinks-147">&#91;145&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Telescopic_pre-spaceflight_observations">Telescopic pre-spaceflight observations</span></h3>
<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/180px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/270px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/360px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> observed the rings of Saturn in 1610, but was unable to determine what they were</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg/220px-Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg/330px-Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg/440px-Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> noted the shadows (<var style="padding-right: 1px;">a</var> and <var style="padding-right: 1px;">b</var>) cast by both the globe and the rings on each other in this drawing of Saturn in 1666.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Saturn's rings require at least a 15-mm-diameter <a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescope</a><sup id="cite_ref-binoculars_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-binoculars-151">&#91;149&#93;</a></sup> to resolve and thus were not known to exist until <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a> saw them in 1655 and published about this in 1659. <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a>, with his primitive telescope in 1610,<sup id="cite_ref-chan2000_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chan2000-152">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cain2008_15390_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cain2008_15390-153">&#91;151&#93;</a></sup> incorrectly thought of Saturn's appearing not quite round as two moons on Saturn's sides.<sup id="cite_ref-cain2008_15418_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cain2008_15418-154">&#91;152&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cain2008_46237_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cain2008_46237-155">&#91;153&#93;</a></sup> It was not until Huygens used greater telescopic magnification that this notion was refuted, and the rings were truly seen for the first time. Huygens also discovered Saturn's <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">moon Titan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Cassini" title="Giovanni Domenico Cassini">Giovanni Domenico Cassini</a> later discovered four other moons: <a href="/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)" title="Iapetus (moon)">Iapetus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(moon)" title="Rhea (moon)">Rhea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tethys_(moon)" title="Tethys (moon)">Tethys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dione_(moon)" title="Dione (moon)">Dione</a>. In 1675, Cassini discovered the gap now known as the <a href="/wiki/Cassini_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassini Division">Cassini Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-micek2007_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-micek2007-156">&#91;154&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>No further discoveries of significance were made until 1789 when <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> discovered two further moons, <a href="/wiki/Mimas_(moon)" title="Mimas (moon)">Mimas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a>. The irregularly shaped satellite <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(moon)" title="Hyperion (moon)">Hyperion</a>, which has a <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">resonance</a> with Titan, was discovered in 1848 by a British team.<sup id="cite_ref-pa54_122_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pa54_122-157">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1899 <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Pickering" title="William Henry Pickering">William Henry Pickering</a> discovered Phoebe, a highly <a href="/wiki/Irregular_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Irregular satellite">irregular satellite</a> that does not rotate synchronously with Saturn as the larger moons do.<sup id="cite_ref-pa54_122_157-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pa54_122-157">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup> Phoebe was the first such satellite found and it took more than a year to orbit Saturn in a <a href="/wiki/Retrograde_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrograde orbit">retrograde orbit</a>. During the early 20th century, research on Titan led to the confirmation in 1944 that it had a thick atmosphere – a feature unique among the Solar System's moons.<sup id="cite_ref-apj100_378_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apj100_378-158">&#91;156&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Spaceflight_missions">Spaceflight missions</span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Saturn" title="Exploration of Saturn">Exploration of Saturn</a></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Pioneer_11_flyby"><i>Pioneer 11</i> flyby</span></h4>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P11saturnb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/P11saturnb.jpg/220px-P11saturnb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/P11saturnb.jpg/330px-P11saturnb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/P11saturnb.jpg/440px-P11saturnb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption><i>Pioneer 11</i> image of Saturn</figcaption></figure>
<p><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i> made the first flyby of Saturn in September 1979, when it passed within 20,000&#160;km of the planet's cloud tops. Images were taken of the planet and a few of its moons, although their resolution was too low to discern surface detail. The spacecraft also studied Saturn's rings, revealing the thin F-ring and the fact that dark gaps in the rings are bright when viewed at a high <a href="/wiki/Phase_angle_(astronomy)" title="Phase angle (astronomy)">phase angle</a> (towards the Sun), meaning that they contain fine light-scattering material. In addition, <i>Pioneer 11</i> measured the temperature of Titan.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">&#91;157&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Voyager_flybys"><i>Voyager</i> flybys</span></h4>
<p>In November 1980, the <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i> probe visited the Saturn system. It sent back the first high-resolution images of the planet, its rings and satellites. Surface features of various moons were seen for the first time. <i>Voyager 1</i> performed a close flyby of Titan, increasing knowledge of the atmosphere of the moon. It proved that Titan's atmosphere is impenetrable at <a href="/wiki/Visible_wavelength" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible wavelength">visible wavelengths</a>; therefore no surface details were seen. The flyby changed the spacecraft's trajectory out of the plane of the Solar System.<sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voyager-160">&#91;158&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Almost a year later, in August 1981, <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> continued the study of the Saturn system. More close-up images of Saturn's moons were acquired, as well as evidence of changes in the atmosphere and the rings. Unfortunately, during the flyby, the probe's turnable camera platform stuck for a couple of days and some planned imaging was lost. Saturn's gravity was used to direct the spacecraft's trajectory towards Uranus.<sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_160-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voyager-160">&#91;158&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The probes discovered and confirmed several new satellites orbiting near or within the planet's rings, as well as the small <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxwell Gap">Maxwell Gap</a> (a gap within the <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn#C_Ring" title="Rings of Saturn">C Ring</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Keeler_gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Keeler gap">Keeler gap</a> (a 42&#160;km-wide gap in the <a href="/wiki/A_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="A Ring">A Ring</a>).
</p>
<h4><span id="Cassini.E2.80.93Huygens_spacecraft"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Cassini–Huygens_spacecraft"><i>Cassini–Huygens</i> spacecraft</span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg/220px-Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg/330px-Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg/440px-Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption>At Enceladus's south pole geysers spray water from many locations along the <a href="/wiki/Tiger_stripes_(Enceladus)" title="Tiger stripes (Enceladus)">tiger stripes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140728_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140728-161">&#91;159&#93;</a></sup></figcaption></figure>
<p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probe</a> entered orbit around Saturn on 1 July 2004. In June 2004, it conducted a close flyby of <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a>, sending back high-resolution images and data. <i>Cassini</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;s</span> flyby of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, captured radar images of large lakes and their coastlines with numerous islands and mountains. The orbiter completed two Titan flybys before releasing the <a href="/wiki/Huygens_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Huygens probe"><i>Huygens</i> probe</a> on 25 December 2004. <i>Huygens</i> descended onto the surface of Titan on 14 January 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-nature438_7069_758_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature438_7069_758-162">&#91;
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