edit the 'path' variable to the place where your tv show directories are, then edit command line options accordingly.

random_episode.py

from random import choice
from os import listdir, chdir, system
from os.path import isdir
from glob import glob
#from subprocess import Popen
from readline import parse_and_bind
from pprint import pprint
from sys import argv

'''
NOTE:	This code supports 2-level directory structure.
		Episodes can be either in some sort of 'seasons' dir
		or they can all be in the root dir.
'''

# enter your media library path
path = '/home/parthparikh/parth/seasons/'

# command line options
names = {'f':'Friends/', 'h':'HIMYM/', 't':'The Big Bang Theory/', 's':'Seinfeld/'}
lock = False

try:
	if argv[1] in names:
		path += names[argv[1]]
		lock = True
except:
	pass

if not lock:
	print('Enter \' q \' or \' ↵ \' to exit!')

while(not lock):
	try:
		chdir(path)
		parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
		title = input('Enter name of show: ')
		if isdir(path+title+'/'):
			path += title + '/'
			break
		elif title == 'q':
			exit(0)
		else:
			print('Available options: ')
			pprint(glob('*'))
	except:
		break

seasons = choice(listdir(path))
if seasons[-1] != '/':
	seasons += '/'
path += seasons
try:
	if path[:-1].split('.')[-1] in ['mkv', 'mp4', 'm4v', 'avi']:
		system("vlc '"+path[:-1]+"'")
	else:
		episodes = glob(path+'*.mkv')+glob(path+'*.mp4')+glob(path+'*.m4v')+glob(path+'*.avi')
		episode = choice(episodes)
		print(episode)
		# Put your vlc-media-player path ( different for mac, windows and linux )
		# Popen(["/usr/bin/vlc","%s" % episode])
		system("vlc '"+episode+"'")
	lock = True
except:
	if lock:
		print('Error! Terminating! Check your vlc path or directory path!')

Change your .bashrc file to something like:
alias tv='python3.5 /file_path/random_episode.py'
Then use tv <command_line_show_shortcut>

Years later, I realized that this can be done in 1 line of bash script:

cd ~/shows/ && cd "$(ls | sort -R | tail -1)" && cd "$(ls | sort -R | tail -1)" && vlc "$(ls ./*.mp4 ./*.mkv | sort -R | tail -1)"