New Observable idea

observable.swift

import Foundation

class Disposable {
    let dispose: () -> Void
    init(dispose: @escaping () -> Void) { self.dispose = dispose }
    deinit {
        dispose()
    }
}

class DisposeBag {
    private var disposables: [Disposable] = []
    func insert(_ disposable: Disposable) {
        disposables.append(disposable)
    }
}

extension Disposable {
    func disposed(by bag: DisposeBag) {
        bag.insert(self)
    }
}

/*! An observable value
 
 An `Observable` wraps any value. If you add an observer handler, then every time the value is set, your handler will be
 called with the new value. Adding an observer returns a closure that is used to remove the observer. Note that the handler
 is called every time the value is set, even if this does not change the value. If you only want the handler to be called
 when the value changes, see `CoalescingObservable`.
 */
class Observable<T> {

    var value: T {
        didSet {
            notifyAllObservers(oldValue: oldValue)
        }
    }
    
    fileprivate var observers: [UUID: ((_ new: T, _ old: T?) -> Void)] = [:]
    
    /*! Adds an observer handler, returning a closure that will remove the observer */
    func addObserver(options: ObservableOptions = [], didChange: @escaping ((_ new: T, _ old: T?) -> Void)) -> Disposable {
        let identifier = UUID()
        observers[identifier] = didChange
        if options.contains(.initial) {
            didChange(value, nil)
        }
        return Disposable { [weak self] in
            self?.observers[identifier] = nil
        }
    }

    init(_ value: T) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    /*! Generally used internally, but may be used to "prime" all observers with the current value. */
    func notifyAllObservers(oldValue: T?) {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value, oldValue)
        }
    }

    func notifyAllObservers() {
        notifyAllObservers(oldValue: nil)
    }
}

struct ObservableOptions: OptionSet {
    let rawValue: Int
    static let initial = ObservableOptions(rawValue: 1 << 0)
}

extension Observable: CustomStringConvertible {
    var description: String {
        return "\(value)"
    }
}

/*! An `Observable` that only fires notifications when the value changes (rather than every time it is set). */
final class CoalescingObservable<T: Equatable>: Observable<T> {
   
    override func notifyAllObservers(oldValue: T?) {
        guard oldValue != value else { return }
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value, oldValue)
        }
    }

}

/*! Helper extension for observers of `Observable`
 
 By conforming to the `Observer` protocol, it is easier to handle the common case of observing several things at one time, and
 removing all the observations together. Usually this isn't needed since DisposeBag automatically cleans everything on deinit.
 */
protocol Observer: class {
    var disposeBag: DisposeBag { get set }
}

extension Observer {
    /*! Adds a new observation, updating the object's list of observations to remove later. */
    func observe<T>(_ observable: Observable<T>, options: ObservableOptions = [], didChange: @escaping ((_ newValue: T, _ oldValue: T?) -> Void)) {
        observable.addObserver(options: options, didChange: didChange).disposed(by: disposeBag)
    }
    
    /// Removes all observations registered in observerRemovers (by calling `observe` or by adding them directly to the array).
    func removeAllObservations() {
        disposeBag = DisposeBag()
    }
}