Pragya Sapkota pragyaasapkota

## virtualizationVs.containerization.csv

          
            Virtualization
             Containerization

            
              Virtual Machines are larger.
               Containers are smaller in size.

            
              A single machine can have multiple OS - so they appear as multiple machines.
               The application is developed in the same OS under the environment - so the same machine works for multiple different environments.

            
              The start-up time is higher than containers.
               The start-up time is comparatively less.

            
              Virtual machines are slower than containers since they have many resources.
               Containers are faster.

            
              The cost of implementation is very high.
               The cost of implementation is lower than the VMs.

            
              It works best for IT enterprise businesses.
               It works best for software developers and related businesses.

## Message Broker Vs. Enterprise Service Bus (ESB).csv

          
            Message Broker
             Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)

            
              Comparatively less complex
               More Complex.

            
              Integration is easy.
               Integration is challenging.

            
              Maintenance is cost-effective.
               Maintenance is expensive.

            
              Updating is easy for inter-service communication.
               Updating can be mind-wrecking.

            
              Troubleshoot is easy.
               Difficult to troubleshoot when problems occur in production environments.

            
              More suitable for the microservices architectures.
               ESB is falling out of favor.

## Message Brokers Vs. Event Streaming.csv

          
            Factors
             Message Brokers
             Event Streaming

            
              Messaging Patterns
               Two – Message Queues and Publisher-Subscribe distribution patterns
               Only Publisher-Subscriber distribution patterns

            
              Scalability
               Less Scalable
               More scalable

            
              Message Delivery
               Guaranteed
               Not Guaranteed

            
              Fault Tolerance
               More suited with message queues and pub/sub
               Message Resending procedure

            
              Message Routing
               Better than event streaming
               Limited

            
              Queuing Capabilities
               Better than event streaming
               Limited

## TCP-UDP.csv

          
            TCP
             UDP

            
              This is connection-oriented.
               This is connectionless.

            
              This is reliable.
               This is unreliable.

            
              The data delivery is guaranteed.
               The data delivery is not guaranteed.

            
              TCP is comparatively slower than UDP.
               UDP is comparatively faster than TCP.

            
              Broadcasting is not supported.
               There is broadcasting support.

            
              Lost packets can be retransmitted.
               Lost packets cannot be retransmitted.

            
              It has sequence delivery.
               It has no sequence delivery.

            
              It has acknowledgment.
               It has no acknowledgment.

            
              It has handshaking.
               There is no handshaking signal.

## osi-tcp.csv

          
            TCP/IP
             OSI

            
              4 layered architecture
               7 layered architecture

            
              Designed for internet only
               Designed for general network

            
              Supports TCP only
               Supports both TCP and UDP

            
              Limited to protocols only
               Both functions and protocols in the layers

            
              Very hard to change the protocol in future
               Easily replaceable protocols (mostly hidden)

## domain.csv

          
            Domain
             IP Address

            
              google.com
               142.250.217.78

            
              gmail.com
               142.251.33.69

            
              duckduckgo.com
               40.89.244.232

            
              facebook.com
               157.240.3.35

            
              youtube.com
               216.58.206.238

            
              ebay.com
               66.211.175.229

            
              yahoo search
               98.136.144.138

## geohash.csv

          
            Geohash
             Cell Height
             Cell Width

            
              1
               5000 km
               5000 km

            
              2
               1250 km
               1250 km

            
              3
               156 km
               156 km

            
              4
               19.5 km
               39.1 km

            
              5
               4.89 km
               4.89 km

            
              6
               0.61 km
               1.22 km

            
              7
               153 m
               153 m

            
              8
               19.1 m
               38.2 m

            
              9
               4.77 m
               4.77 m

## Difference.csv

          
            Factors
             IPv4
             IPv6

            
              Deployment Date
               1981
               1998

            
              Address Length
               32-bit (4 bytes)
               128-bit (16 bytes)

            
              Address Space
               4.29×10^9
               3.4×10^38

            
              Address Representation
               Dot-decimal
               Alphanumeric Hexadecimal

            
              Required Bytes
               576
               1280

            
              Header
               20-60 bytes
               40 bytes fixed

            
              IPSec
               Optional – depends on application
               Inbuilt IPSec

            
              Connection Integrity
               Unachievable
               Achievable

            
              Configuration
               DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and Manual
               Auto and renumbering
	Virtualization	Containerization
	Virtual Machines are larger.	Containers are smaller in size.
	A single machine can have multiple OS - so they appear as multiple machines.	The application is developed in the same OS under the environment - so the same machine works for multiple different environments.
	The start-up time is higher than containers.	The start-up time is comparatively less.
	Virtual machines are slower than containers since they have many resources.	Containers are faster.
	The cost of implementation is very high.	The cost of implementation is lower than the VMs.
	It works best for IT enterprise businesses.	It works best for software developers and related businesses.
	Message Broker	Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)
	Comparatively less complex	More Complex.
	Integration is easy.	Integration is challenging.
	Maintenance is cost-effective.	Maintenance is expensive.
	Updating is easy for inter-service communication.	Updating can be mind-wrecking.
	Troubleshoot is easy.	Difficult to troubleshoot when problems occur in production environments.
	More suitable for the microservices architectures.	ESB is falling out of favor.
Factors	Message Brokers	Event Streaming
Messaging Patterns	Two – Message Queues and Publisher-Subscribe distribution patterns	Only Publisher-Subscriber distribution patterns
Scalability	Less Scalable	More scalable
Message Delivery	Guaranteed	Not Guaranteed
Fault Tolerance	More suited with message queues and pub/sub	Message Resending procedure
Message Routing	Better than event streaming	Limited
Queuing Capabilities	Better than event streaming	Limited
	TCP	UDP
	This is connection-oriented.	This is connectionless.
	This is reliable.	This is unreliable.
	The data delivery is guaranteed.	The data delivery is not guaranteed.
	TCP is comparatively slower than UDP.	UDP is comparatively faster than TCP.
	Broadcasting is not supported.	There is broadcasting support.
	Lost packets can be retransmitted.	Lost packets cannot be retransmitted.
	It has sequence delivery.	It has no sequence delivery.
	It has acknowledgment.	It has no acknowledgment.
	It has handshaking.	There is no handshaking signal.
	TCP/IP	OSI
	4 layered architecture	7 layered architecture
	Designed for internet only	Designed for general network
	Supports TCP only	Supports both TCP and UDP
	Limited to protocols only	Both functions and protocols in the layers
	Very hard to change the protocol in future	Easily replaceable protocols (mostly hidden)
	Domain	IP Address
	google.com	142.250.217.78
	gmail.com	142.251.33.69
	duckduckgo.com	40.89.244.232
	facebook.com	157.240.3.35
	youtube.com	216.58.206.238
	ebay.com	66.211.175.229
	yahoo search	98.136.144.138
Geohash	Cell Height	Cell Width
1	5000 km	5000 km
2	1250 km	1250 km
3	156 km	156 km
4	19.5 km	39.1 km
5	4.89 km	4.89 km
6	0.61 km	1.22 km
7	153 m	153 m
8	19.1 m	38.2 m
9	4.77 m	4.77 m
Factors	IPv4	IPv6
Deployment Date	1981	1998
Address Length	32-bit (4 bytes)	128-bit (16 bytes)
Address Space	4.29×10^9	3.4×10^38
Address Representation	Dot-decimal	Alphanumeric Hexadecimal
Required Bytes	576	1280
Header	20-60 bytes	40 bytes fixed
IPSec	Optional – depends on application	Inbuilt IPSec
Connection Integrity	Unachievable	Achievable
Configuration	DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and Manual	Auto and renumbering