Get the node type of the current node using EntityFieldQuery (EFQ) API.

drupal_get_node_type.php

<?php

// Get the node id from the current page's URL.
$nid = arg(1);

// Create a new EFQ object.
$query = new EntityFieldQuery();

// Select the node entity with the target node id.
$query->entityCondition('entity_type', 'node');
$query->entityCondition('entity_id', $nid );
$result = $query->execute();

// Get the node type.
// If you will inspect the content of $result['node'][$nid], 
// it will contain 3 information only: its node type, node id, and revision id,
// which are much leaner than node_load().
$node_type = $result['node'][$nid]->type;