HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and is how documents (web pages) are structured so that they appear a certain way in a web browser. When your web browser (Firefox / Chrome / Safari / etc...) receives an HTML document, it renders the markup into the "page" that you see.
Besides the Wikipedia article linked above, here are other resources for learning about HTML:
- Introduction to HTML -- This looks like a great starter resource that shows you how basic markup is rendered in the browser. It even has a live preview so that you can try things out and see how they appear.
- Introduction to HTML5 -- This comes from the Mozilla Developer Network (MDN) and is more in-depth about the spec and compatibility of each of the tags. A good jumping off point might be this page th