TheBrenny

if(!String.prototype.matchAll) {
    String.prototype.matchAll = function (rx) {
        if (typeof rx === "string") rx = new RegExp(rx, "g"); // coerce a string to be a global regex
        rx = new RegExp(rx); // Clone the regex so we don't update the last index on the regex they pass us
        let cap = []; // the single capture
        let all = []; // all the captures (return this)
        while ((cap = rx.exec(this)) !== null) all.push(cap); // execute and add
        return all; // profit!
    };
}

mattdesl

// Taken From:
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/849211/shortest-distance-between-a-point-and-a-line-segment

function sqr (x) {
  return x * x;
}

function dist2 (v, w) {
  return sqr(v[0] - w[0]) + sqr(v[1] - w[1]);
}