Getting all images referenced in pod specs:
kubectl get pods -A -o json |
jq -r '[.items[].spec | (.initContainers // empty | .[].image), .containers[].image] | unique | sort | .[]'
Getting all images cached on nodes:
kubectl get nodes -A -o json | jq -r '[.items[].status.images[].names[-1]] | unique | sort | .[]'