Setup NixOS (Virtualized + Haskell + Gnome3 + XMonad)

## micro-configuration.nix
# Micro graphical configuration that gets you started with a gnome3 (+ optionally xmonad) desktop
# * Note that gnome3 installs a *lot* of stuff from the internet
# * After modifying copying this configuration, run:
#   $ nixos-rebuild switch # sometimes it helps to try again
#                          # if this step fails for some reason
#   $ reboot

{ config, pkgs, ... }:

{
  imports =
    [ # Include the results of the hardware scan.
      ./hardware-configuration.nix
    ];

  # Boot settings.
  boot = {
    initrd = {
      # Disable journaling check on boot because virtualbox doesn't need it
      checkJournalingFS = false;
    };
    # Use the GRUB 2 boot loader.
    loader.grub = {
      enable = true;
      version = 2;
      # Define on which hard drive you want to install Grub.
      device = "/dev/sda";
    };
  };

  # Enable networking.
  networking = {
    hostName = "mycomputer"; # Define your hostname.
    hostId = # (use whatever was generated)
    # wireless.enable = true;  # not needed with virtualbox
  };

  # List services that you want to enable.
  services = {
    # Enable the OpenSSH daemon.
    openssh.enable = true;

    # Enable the X11 windowing system.
    xserver = {
      enable = true;
      layout = "us";

      # Gnome desktop
      # * Slightly more familiar than KDE for people who are used to working with Ubuntu
      # * Gnome3 works out of the box with xmonad
      desktopManager = {
        gnome3.enable = true;
        default = "gnome3";
      };

      # Enable XMonad Desktop Environment. (Optional)
      # windowManager = {
      #   xmonad.enable = true;
      #   xmonad.enableContribAndExtras = true;
      # };
    };
  };
}

## mini-configuration.nix
# Minimal graphical configuration that gets you started with a gnome3 (+ optionally xmonad) desktop
# * Note that gnome3 installs a *lot* of stuff from the internet
# * After modifying copying this configuration, run:
#   $ nixos-rebuild switch # sometimes it helps to try again
#                          # if this step fails for some reason
#   $ reboot

{ config, pkgs, ... }:

{
  imports =
    [ # Include the results of the hardware scan.
      ./hardware-configuration.nix
    ];

  # Boot settings.
  boot = {
    initrd = {
      # Disable journaling check on boot because virtualbox doesn't need it
      checkJournalingFS = false;
      # Make it pretty
      kernelModules = [ "fbcon" ];
    };
    # Use the GRUB 2 boot loader.
    loader.grub = {
      enable = true;
      version = 2;
      # Define on which hard drive you want to install Grub.
      device = "/dev/sda";
    };
  };

  # Enable networking.
  networking = {
    hostName = "mycomputer"; # Define your hostname.
    hostId = # (use whatever was generated)
    # wireless.enable = true;  # not needed with virtualbox
  };

  # List services that you want to enable.
  services = {
    # Enable the OpenSSH daemon.
    openssh.enable = true;

    # Enable the X11 windowing system.
    xserver = {
      enable = true;
      layout = "us";

      # Gnome desktop
      # * Slightly more familiar than KDE for people who are used to working with Ubuntu
      # * Gnome3 works out of the box with xmonad
      desktopManager = {
        gnome3.enable = true;
        default = "gnome3";
      };

      # Enable XMonad Desktop Environment. (Optional)
      # windowManager = {
      #   xmonad.enable = true;
      #   xmonad.enableContribAndExtras = true;
      # };
    };
  };

  # User account.
  # * Set a password using
  #   $ useradd -m me ; passwd me
  users.extraUsers.username = {
    createHome = true;
    home = "/home/me";
    description = "Name Surname";
    extraGroups = [ ];
    isSystemUser = false;
    useDefaultShell = true;
  };
}

## NixSetup.md

      
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              NixSetup.md
            
          
    Setup NixOS (Virtualized + Haskell + Gnome3 + XMonad)
Before you get started
This is pretty out of date now... you may want to look elsewhere
Newer guides than mine (mine is a bit dated and has a lot of rough edges):

NixOS on MacBook Pro

Have you looked at these?

GitHub ❤ ~/
Awesome dotfiles
Real World NixOS Dotfiles
Please let me know what else should go here...

Summary
These guidelines show how to install NixOS in VirtualBox with a bunch of stuff I find useful. Feel free to comment / fork / whatever.
DISCLAIMER: This is a rough guide that should only be used by people who are willing to check each step of the process themselves - if you mess up you can destroy your current setup, so be careful.
Why run NixOS inside VirtualBox?

It's quick & simple and less likely to break your system.
I tried to install NixOS directly on my MacBook Pro (2015), but couldn't manage to get the wifi firmware to work.
If you're running OSX you can hopefully take advantage of the native power management for longer battery life, native firmware for everything etc. Stuff just works more.
Virtualization seems like it could be pretty fast (I did notice that things felt a little bit laggy for me though, I'm still experimenting)
These steps are setup to make it easy to switch to a native installation once you're ready.
It may be easier to install unfree wifi firmware in virtualbox...

Intent behind this configuration

It's my own config, intended to get me up and running quickly (i.e. it's opinionated and probably a bit hacky). Features:


Window manager: xmonad (a highly customizable, tiling window manager)
Haskell dev tools


Do the minimal installation possible, it's easy to make additions, change things after you have a working installation.
Uses native partitions - should in theory make it easy to switch to a native installation when you're ready.
I used a variation of the steps provided by Install Linux on a MacBook Air and Installing NixOS in a VirtualBox guest.

Setup
When I set up my MacBook I made sure to turn off encryption, avoid logical volume stuff etc for the primary disk so that I wouldn't have to deal with any annoying issues when resizing my partitions.
I use two proper partitions (one for my / root directory containing operating system files + packages etc, one for my /home directory containing data + projects etc) on my laptop instead of relying on virtual disks. This should in theory make it easy to browse around your computer (nothing is hidden behind a .vdi file) or to install NixOS natively in future if you prefer to move away from VirtualBox.
Free some space (OSX specific instructions)
Open Disk Utility, click on “Macintosh HD”, add new partition, choose size (e.g., half), choose format as free space, apply. I'm not sure if this is going to work well, but it might be possible to mount the partition for home /home that is given to NixOS in OSX and share the space that way (instead of the usual shared folders).
Download NixOS ISO
Download the Minimal 64 bit ISO
Virtual Machine
Install Homebrew + Cask + VirtualBox (OSX specific instructions)
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
brew tap caskroom/cask
brew install brew-cask
brew cask install virtualbox
Create the VM
The following steps may require sudo. I haven't figured out how to create the .vmdk file without sudo yet.
nixos_livecd=path/to/downloaded/iso

# create vm
VBoxManage createvm \
  --name nixos \
  --ostype Linux_64 \
  --register

# create a virtual disk for the boot loader
# (since you obviously don't want to replace your native boot loader)
# Recommend between 200MB-300MB according to https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning#How_big_should_my_partitions_be.3F
VBoxManage createhd \
  --filename "$HOME/VirtualBox VMs/nixos/boot.vdi" \
  --size 300

# create virtual disk/cd controller
VBoxManage storagectl nixos \
  --name IDE \
  --add ide \
  --controller PIIX4 \
  --portcount 42 \
  --hostiocache on \
  --bootable on

# attach boot disk image to VM
VBoxManage storageattach nixos \
  --storagectl IDE \
  --type hdd \
  --port 0 \
  --device 0 \
  --medium "$HOME/VirtualBox VMs/nixos/boot.vdi"

# attach livecd
VBoxManage storageattach nixos \
  --storagectl IDE \
  --type dvddrive \
  --port 1 \
  --device 0 \
  --medium $nixos_livecd

# attach the disk that is going to contain swap, / and /home partitions
VBoxManage createhd \
  --filename "$HOME/VirtualBox VMs/nixos/nixos.vmdk" \
  --format VMDK
  # TODO: I'm not sure about the details here... you probably need more flags

# bump up memory and CPU (you should probably increase this)
VBoxManage modifyvm nixos --memory 1024 --cpus 2

# enable usb port
VBoxManage modifyvm nixos --usb on
Create / format partitions
You may want to do create a logical volume with encryption instead, but I haven't tried this yet.
# Create boot partition
gdisk /dev/sda
n       # new partition
<enter> # default partition #
<enter> # default start location
<enter> # use the entire disk
ef02    # type boot

w       # write partitions
y       # confirm

# Create swap space, partition for /, partition for /home
gdisk /dev/sdb
n       # new partition
<enter> # default partition #
<enter> # default start location
+2G     # maybe 2 GB swap space?
8200    # swap space

n       # new partition
<enter> # default partition #
<enter> # default start location
+100G   # maybe 100 GB for operating system files?
8300    # linux filesystem (this will be the root / path)

n       # new partition
<enter> # default partition #
<enter> # default start location
<enter> # use all remaining space (maybe 300 GB?)
8302    # linux /home path

w       # write partitions
y       # confirm

# Check that everything looks ok
fdisk -l

# e.g.
#
#    Device           Start         End     Sectors   Size Type
# /dev/sda1            2048     1048542     1046495   299M BIOS boot
#
#    Device           Start         End     Sectors   Size Type
# /dev/sdb1              40      xxxxxx      409600   200M EFI System
# /dev/sdb2        xxxxxxxx      xxxxxx     xxxxxxx  32.6G Apple Core storage
# /dev/sdb3        xxxxxxxx      xxxxxx     xxxxxxx 619.9M Apple boot
# /dev/sdb4        xxxxxxxx      xxxxxx     xxxxxxx     2G Linux swap
# /dev/sdb5        xxxxxxxx      xxxxxx     xxxxxxx   100G Linux filesystem
# /dev/sdb6        xxxxxxxx      xxxxxx     xxxxxxx   300G Linux home

# Format the partitions
mkfs.ext2 -L boot /dev/sda1
mkswap -L swap /dev/sdb4
mkfs.ext4 -j -L nixos /dev/sdb5
mkfs.ext4 -j -L home /dev/sdb6
Mount partitions
NixOS will generate its hardware config based on what is mounted.
swapon /dev/sdb4
mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/home ; mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/home
mkdir /mnt/boot ; mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
Minimal configuration to install NixOS
I recommend doing the minimum possible to install NixOS. It's easier to modify it with a new config after your installation is finished.
# You can do this repeatedly, it will only overwrite /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix not /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
Alter /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix:
boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda"; # Carefull! this should be the virtual boot disk we created before, not your real disk!
Copy a configuration of your choice
Continue editing /etc/nixos/configuration.nix and use nixos-rebuild switch to update the system-wide configuration - try not to do anything that should be done as a user (I.e. avoid acting as root/sudo whenever possible).
Switch to a minimal (gnome/xmonad-based) graphical configuration by copying either micro-configuration.nix or mini-configuration.nix over to /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
Switch to or roll your own full-fledged configuration of your choice (see configuration.nix below)
Configurations I sometimes look at

dwm + apple trackpad (profile.nix)
xmonad
gnome3 + select variation for 2 different machines (laptop vs desktop)

Common searches
Setup

xmonad repos / xmonad gists / xmonad #nixos / xmonad issues
gnome3 repos / gnome3 gists / gnome3 #nixos / gnome3 issues
lightdm repos / lightdm gists / lightdm #nixos / lightdm issues
gdm repos / gdm gists / gdm #nixos / gdm issues
macbook repos / macbook gists / macbook #nixos / macbook issues
lxde repos / lxde gists / lxde #nixos / lxde issues

Editors

yi repos / yi gists / yi #nixos / yi issues
vim repos / vim gists / vim #nixos / vim issues
emacs repos / emacs gists / emacs #nixos / emacs issues

Browsers

chromium repos / chromium gists / chromium #nixos / chromium issues
chrome repos / chrome gists / chrome #nixos / chrome issues
firefox repos / firefox gists / firefox #nixos / firefox issues

Haskell

hoogle repos / hoogle gists / hoogle #nixos / hoogle issues

More reading

Awesome Nix
Nix Cheatsheet
Where to go from here
Install/remove software