Method in which the platform gets all the fields for an object, and then executes a dynamic query with all of the fields. Retrieves one or more records.

getRecordWithAllFields.cls

public List<SObject> getObjects (Set<Id> recordIds) {
    Id dummyId = (new List<Id>(recordIds))[0];
    String objectName = Id.valueOf(dummyId).getSObjectType().getDescribe().getLocalName();
    Set<String> fields = Id.valueOf(dummyId).getSObjectType().getDescribe().fields.getMap().keySet();

    String query = 'SELECT ';
    for (String f : fields) {
        query += f + ', ';
    }

    query = query.removeEnd(', ');
    query += ' FROM ' + objectName + ' WHERE Id IN :recordIds';
    return Database.query(query);
}

public SObject getObject (Id recordId) {
    return getObjects(new Set<Id>{recordId})[0];
}

// example
// System.debug(getObjects(new Set<Id>{'00629000007E0MsAAK'}));