# mysqldump -u {username} -p {database} > {filename}
mysqldump -u john -p mydb > mydb-dump.sql
# mysqldump -u {username} -p {database} {table1} {table2..N} > {filename}
mysqldump -u john -p mydb table1 table2 > mydb-dump.sql
# Stop mysql service first
sudo service mysql stop
# Start mysql in safe mode
sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
# Login to mysql
mysql -u root
# Change password
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('new-pass-word') WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
# Stop mysql server
sudo service mysql stop
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/resetting-permissions.html