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@rfdez
Last active February 24, 2023 10:00
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Ubuntu local server recommendations
// Control parameters for cron jobs by /etc/cron.daily/apt-compat //
// Enable the update/upgrade script (0=disable)
APT::Periodic::Enable "1";
// Do "apt-get update" automatically every n-days (0=disable)
APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
// Do "apt-get upgrade --download-only" every n-days (0=disable)
APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "1";
// Run the "unattended-upgrade" security upgrade script
// every n-days (0=disabled)
// Requires the package "unattended-upgrades" and will write
// a log in /var/log/unattended-upgrades
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";
// Do "apt-get autoclean" every n-days (0=disable)
APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval "1";
// Send report mail to root
// 0: no report (or null string)
// 1: progress report (actually any string)
// 2: + command outputs (remove -qq, remove 2>/dev/null, add -d)
// 3: + trace on
APT::Periodic::Verbose "2";
# Fail2Ban main configuration file
#
# Comments: use '#' for comment lines and ';' (following a space) for inline comments
#
# Changes: in most of the cases you should not modify this
# file, but provide customizations in fail2ban.local file, e.g.:
#
# [DEFAULT]
# loglevel = DEBUG
#
[DEFAULT]
# Option: background.
# Notes.: start fail2ban as a daemon. Output is redirect to logfile..
# Values: [true | false] Default: false.
#.
background = true
# Option: loglevel
# Notes.: Set the log level output.
# CRITICAL
# ERROR
# WARNING
# NOTICE
# INFO
# DEBUG
# Values: [ LEVEL ] Default: INFO
#
loglevel = INFO
# Option: logtarget
# Notes.: Set the log target. This could be a file, SYSLOG, STDERR or STDOUT.
# Only one log target can be specified.
# If you change logtarget from the default value and you are
# using logrotate -- also adjust or disable rotation in the
# corresponding configuration file
# (e.g. /etc/logrotate.d/fail2ban on Debian systems)
# Values: [ STDOUT | STDERR | SYSLOG | SYSOUT | FILE ] Default: STDERR
#
logtarget = /var/log/fail2ban.log
# Option: syslogsocket
# Notes: Set the syslog socket file. Only used when logtarget is SYSLOG
# auto uses platform.system() to determine predefined paths
# Values: [ auto | FILE ] Default: auto
syslogsocket = auto
# Option: socket
# Notes.: Set the socket file. This is used to communicate with the daemon. Do
# not remove this file when Fail2ban runs. It will not be possible to
# communicate with the server afterwards.
# Values: [ FILE ] Default: /var/run/fail2ban/fail2ban.sock
#
socket = /var/run/fail2ban/fail2ban.sock
# Option: pidfile
# Notes.: Set the PID file. This is used to store the process ID of the
# fail2ban server.
# Values: [ FILE ] Default: /var/run/fail2ban/fail2ban.pid
#
pidfile = /var/run/fail2ban/fail2ban.pid
# Option: allowipv6
# Notes.: Allows IPv6 interface:
# Default: auto
# Values: [ auto yes (on, true, 1) no (off, false, 0) ] Default: auto
#allowipv6 = auto
# Options: dbfile
# Notes.: Set the file for the fail2ban persistent data to be stored.
# A value of ":memory:" means database is only stored in memory
# and data is lost when fail2ban is stopped.
# A value of "None" disables the database.
# Values: [ None :memory: FILE ] Default: /var/lib/fail2ban/fail2ban.sqlite3
dbfile = /var/lib/fail2ban/fail2ban.sqlite3
# Options: dbpurgeage
# Notes.: Sets age at which bans should be purged from the database
# Values: [ SECONDS ] Default: 86400 (24hours)
dbpurgeage = 1d
# Options: dbmaxmatches
# Notes.: Number of matches stored in database per ticket (resolvable via
# tags <ipmatches>/<ipjailmatches> in actions)
# Values: [ INT ] Default: 10
dbmaxmatches = 10
[Definition]
[Thread]
# Options: stacksize
# Notes.: Specifies the stack size (in KiB) to be used for subsequently created threads,
# and must be 0 or a positive integer value of at least 32.
# Values: [ SIZE ] Default: 0 (use platform or configured default)
#stacksize = 0
#
# WARNING: heavily refactored in 0.9.0 release. Please review and
# customize settings for your setup.
#
# Changes: in most of the cases you should not modify this
# file, but provide customizations in jail.local file,
# or separate .conf files under jail.d/ directory, e.g.:
#
# HOW TO ACTIVATE JAILS:
#
# YOU SHOULD NOT MODIFY THIS FILE.
#
# It will probably be overwritten or improved in a distribution update.
#
# Provide customizations in a jail.local file or a jail.d/customisation.local.
# For example to change the default bantime for all jails and to enable the
# ssh-iptables jail the following (uncommented) would appear in the .local file.
# See man 5 jail.conf for details.
#
# [DEFAULT]
# bantime = 1d
#
# [sshd]
# enabled = true
#
# See jail.conf(5) man page for more information
# Comments: use '#' for comment lines and ';' (following a space) for inline comments
[INCLUDES]
#before = paths-distro.conf
before = paths-debian.conf
# The DEFAULT allows a global definition of the options. They can be overridden
# in each jail afterwards.
[DEFAULT]
#
# MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS
#
# "bantime.increment" allows to use database for searching of previously banned ip's to increase a
# default ban time using special formula, default it is banTime * 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32...
#bantime.increment = true
# "bantime.rndtime" is the max number of seconds using for mixing with random time
# to prevent "clever" botnets calculate exact time IP can be unbanned again:
#bantime.rndtime =
# "bantime.maxtime" is the max number of seconds using the ban time can reach (doesn't grow further)
#bantime.maxtime =
# "bantime.factor" is a coefficient to calculate exponent growing of the formula or common multiplier,
# default value of factor is 1 and with default value of formula, the ban time
# grows by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ...
#bantime.factor = 1
# "bantime.formula" used by default to calculate next value of ban time, default value below,
# the same ban time growing will be reached by multipliers 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32...
#bantime.formula = ban.Time * (1<<(ban.Count if ban.Count<20 else 20)) * banFactor
#
# more aggressive example of formula has the same values only for factor "2.0 / 2.885385" :
#bantime.formula = ban.Time * math.exp(float(ban.Count+1)*banFactor)/math.exp(1*banFactor)
# "bantime.multipliers" used to calculate next value of ban time instead of formula, corresponding
# previously ban count and given "bantime.factor" (for multipliers default is 1);
# following example grows ban time by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ... and if last ban count greater as multipliers count,
# always used last multiplier (64 in example), for factor '1' and original ban time 600 - 10.6 hours
#bantime.multipliers = 1 2 4 8 16 32 64
# following example can be used for small initial ban time (bantime=60) - it grows more aggressive at begin,
# for bantime=60 the multipliers are minutes and equal: 1 min, 5 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 5 hour, 12 hour, 1 day, 2 day
#bantime.multipliers = 1 5 30 60 300 720 1440 2880
# "bantime.overalljails" (if true) specifies the search of IP in the database will be executed
# cross over all jails, if false (default), only current jail of the ban IP will be searched
#bantime.overalljails = false
# --------------------
# "ignoreself" specifies whether the local resp. own IP addresses should be ignored
# (default is true). Fail2ban will not ban a host which matches such addresses.
#ignoreself = true
# "ignoreip" can be a list of IP addresses, CIDR masks or DNS hosts. Fail2ban
# will not ban a host which matches an address in this list. Several addresses
# can be defined using space (and/or comma) separator.
#ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 ::1
# External command that will take an tagged arguments to ignore, e.g. <ip>,
# and return true if the IP is to be ignored. False otherwise.
#
# ignorecommand = /path/to/command <ip>
ignorecommand =
# "bantime" is the number of seconds that a host is banned.
bantime = 1d
# A host is banned if it has generated "maxretry" during the last "findtime"
# seconds.
findtime = 10m
# "maxretry" is the number of failures before a host get banned.
maxretry = 3
# "maxmatches" is the number of matches stored in ticket (resolvable via tag <matches> in actions).
maxmatches = %(maxretry)s
# "backend" specifies the backend used to get files modification.
# Available options are "pyinotify", "gamin", "polling", "systemd" and "auto".
# This option can be overridden in each jail as well.
#
# pyinotify: requires pyinotify (a file alteration monitor) to be installed.
# If pyinotify is not installed, Fail2ban will use auto.
# gamin: requires Gamin (a file alteration monitor) to be installed.
# If Gamin is not installed, Fail2ban will use auto.
# polling: uses a polling algorithm which does not require external libraries.
# systemd: uses systemd python library to access the systemd journal.
# Specifying "logpath" is not valid for this backend.
# See "journalmatch" in the jails associated filter config
# auto: will try to use the following backends, in order:
# pyinotify, gamin, polling.
#
# Note: if systemd backend is chosen as the default but you enable a jail
# for which logs are present only in its own log files, specify some other
# backend for that jail (e.g. polling) and provide empty value for
# journalmatch. See https://github.com/fail2ban/fail2ban/issues/959#issuecomment-74901200
backend = auto
# "usedns" specifies if jails should trust hostnames in logs,
# warn when DNS lookups are performed, or ignore all hostnames in logs
#
# yes: if a hostname is encountered, a DNS lookup will be performed.
# warn: if a hostname is encountered, a DNS lookup will be performed,
# but it will be logged as a warning.
# no: if a hostname is encountered, will not be used for banning,
# but it will be logged as info.
# raw: use raw value (no hostname), allow use it for no-host filters/actions (example user)
usedns = warn
# "logencoding" specifies the encoding of the log files handled by the jail
# This is used to decode the lines from the log file.
# Typical examples: "ascii", "utf-8"
#
# auto: will use the system locale setting
logencoding = auto
# "enabled" enables the jails.
# By default all jails are disabled, and it should stay this way.
# Enable only relevant to your setup jails in your .local or jail.d/*.conf
#
# true: jail will be enabled and log files will get monitored for changes
# false: jail is not enabled
enabled = false
# "mode" defines the mode of the filter (see corresponding filter implementation for more info).
mode = normal
# "filter" defines the filter to use by the jail.
# By default jails have names matching their filter name
#
filter = %(__name__)s[mode=%(mode)s]
#
# ACTIONS
#
# Some options used for actions
# Destination email address used solely for the interpolations in
# jail.{conf,local,d/*} configuration files.
destemail = root@localhost
# Sender email address used solely for some actions
sender = root@<fq-hostname>
# E-mail action. Since 0.8.1 Fail2Ban uses sendmail MTA for the
# mailing. Change mta configuration parameter to mail if you want to
# revert to conventional 'mail'.
mta = sendmail
# Default protocol
protocol = tcp
# Specify chain where jumps would need to be added in ban-actions expecting parameter chain
chain = <known/chain>
# Ports to be banned
# Usually should be overridden in a particular jail
port = 0:65535
# Format of user-agent https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.5.3
fail2ban_agent = Fail2Ban/%(fail2ban_version)s
#
# Action shortcuts. To be used to define action parameter
# Default banning action (e.g. iptables, iptables-new,
# iptables-multiport, shorewall, etc) It is used to define
# action_* variables. Can be overridden globally or per
# section within jail.local file
banaction = iptables-multiport
banaction_allports = iptables-allports
# The simplest action to take: ban only
action_ = %(banaction)s[port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
# ban & send an e-mail with whois report to the destemail.
action_mw = %(action_)s
%(mta)s-whois[sender="%(sender)s", dest="%(destemail)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
# ban & send an e-mail with whois report and relevant log lines
# to the destemail.
action_mwl = %(action_)s
%(mta)s-whois-lines[sender="%(sender)s", dest="%(destemail)s", logpath="%(logpath)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
# See the IMPORTANT note in action.d/xarf-login-attack for when to use this action
#
# ban & send a xarf e-mail to abuse contact of IP address and include relevant log lines
# to the destemail.
action_xarf = %(action_)s
xarf-login-attack[service=%(__name__)s, sender="%(sender)s", logpath="%(logpath)s", port="%(port)s"]
# ban & send a notification to one or more of the 50+ services supported by Apprise.
# See https://github.com/caronc/apprise/wiki for details on what is supported.
#
# You may optionally over-ride the default configuration line (containing the Apprise URLs)
# by using 'apprise[config="/alternate/path/to/apprise.cfg"]' otherwise
# /etc/fail2ban/apprise.conf is sourced for your supported notification configuration.
# action = %(action_)s
# apprise
# ban IP on CloudFlare & send an e-mail with whois report and relevant log lines
# to the destemail.
action_cf_mwl = cloudflare[cfuser="%(cfemail)s", cftoken="%(cfapikey)s"]
%(mta)s-whois-lines[sender="%(sender)s", dest="%(destemail)s", logpath="%(logpath)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
# Report block via blocklist.de fail2ban reporting service API
#
# See the IMPORTANT note in action.d/blocklist_de.conf for when to use this action.
# Specify expected parameters in file action.d/blocklist_de.local or if the interpolation
# `action_blocklist_de` used for the action, set value of `blocklist_de_apikey`
# in your `jail.local` globally (section [DEFAULT]) or per specific jail section (resp. in
# corresponding jail.d/my-jail.local file).
#
action_blocklist_de = blocklist_de[email="%(sender)s", service="%(__name__)s", apikey="%(blocklist_de_apikey)s", agent="%(fail2ban_agent)s"]
# Report ban via abuseipdb.com.
#
# See action.d/abuseipdb.conf for usage example and details.
#
action_abuseipdb = abuseipdb
# Choose default action. To change, just override value of 'action' with the
# interpolation to the chosen action shortcut (e.g. action_mw, action_mwl, etc) in jail.local
# globally (section [DEFAULT]) or per specific section
action = %(action_)s
#
# JAILS
#
#
# SSH servers
#
[sshd]
# To use more aggressive sshd modes set filter parameter "mode" in jail.local:
# normal (default), ddos, extra or aggressive (combines all).
# See "tests/files/logs/sshd" or "filter.d/sshd.conf" for usage example and details.
#mode = normal
port = ssh
logpath = %(sshd_log)s
backend = %(sshd_backend)s
[dropbear]
port = ssh
logpath = %(dropbear_log)s
backend = %(dropbear_backend)s
[selinux-ssh]
port = ssh
logpath = %(auditd_log)s
#
# HTTP servers
#
[apache-auth]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
[apache-badbots]
# Ban hosts which agent identifies spammer robots crawling the web
# for email addresses. The mail outputs are buffered.
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_access_log)s
bantime = 48h
maxretry = 1
[apache-noscript]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
[apache-overflows]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 2
[apache-nohome]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 2
[apache-botsearch]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 2
[apache-fakegooglebot]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_access_log)s
maxretry = 1
ignorecommand = %(fail2ban_confpath)s/filter.d/ignorecommands/apache-fakegooglebot <ip>
[apache-modsecurity]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 2
[apache-shellshock]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 1
[openhab-auth]
filter = openhab
banaction = %(banaction_allports)s
logpath = /opt/openhab/logs/request.log
# To use more aggressive http-auth modes set filter parameter "mode" in jail.local:
# normal (default), aggressive (combines all), auth or fallback
# See "tests/files/logs/nginx-http-auth" or "filter.d/nginx-http-auth.conf" for usage example and details.
[nginx-http-auth]
# mode = normal
port = http,https
logpath = %(nginx_error_log)s
# To use 'nginx-limit-req' jail you should have `ngx_http_limit_req_module`
# and define `limit_req` and `limit_req_zone` as described in nginx documentation
# http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_limit_req_module.html
# or for example see in 'config/filter.d/nginx-limit-req.conf'
[nginx-limit-req]
port = http,https
logpath = %(nginx_error_log)s
[nginx-botsearch]
port = http,https
logpath = %(nginx_error_log)s
[nginx-bad-request]
port = http,https
logpath = %(nginx_access_log)s
# Ban attackers that try to use PHP's URL-fopen() functionality
# through GET/POST variables. - Experimental, with more than a year
# of usage in production environments.
[php-url-fopen]
port = http,https
logpath = %(nginx_access_log)s
%(apache_access_log)s
[suhosin]
port = http,https
logpath = %(suhosin_log)s
[lighttpd-auth]
# Same as above for Apache's mod_auth
# It catches wrong authentifications
port = http,https
logpath = %(lighttpd_error_log)s
#
# Webmail and groupware servers
#
[roundcube-auth]
port = http,https
logpath = %(roundcube_errors_log)s
# Use following line in your jail.local if roundcube logs to journal.
#backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[openwebmail]
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/openwebmail.log
[horde]
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/horde/horde.log
[groupoffice]
port = http,https
logpath = /home/groupoffice/log/info.log
[sogo-auth]
# Monitor SOGo groupware server
# without proxy this would be:
# port = 20000
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/sogo/sogo.log
[tine20]
logpath = /var/log/tine20/tine20.log
port = http,https
#
# Web Applications
#
#
[drupal-auth]
port = http,https
logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[guacamole]
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/tomcat*/catalina.out
#logpath = /var/log/guacamole.log
[monit]
#Ban clients brute-forcing the monit gui login
port = 2812
logpath = /var/log/monit
/var/log/monit.log
[webmin-auth]
port = 10000
logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[froxlor-auth]
port = http,https
logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
#
# HTTP Proxy servers
#
#
[squid]
port = 80,443,3128,8080
logpath = /var/log/squid/access.log
[3proxy]
port = 3128
logpath = /var/log/3proxy.log
#
# FTP servers
#
[proftpd]
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
logpath = %(proftpd_log)s
backend = %(proftpd_backend)s
[pure-ftpd]
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
logpath = %(pureftpd_log)s
backend = %(pureftpd_backend)s
[gssftpd]
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[wuftpd]
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
logpath = %(wuftpd_log)s
backend = %(wuftpd_backend)s
[vsftpd]
# or overwrite it in jails.local to be
# logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s
# if you want to rely on PAM failed login attempts
# vsftpd's failregex should match both of those formats
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
logpath = %(vsftpd_log)s
#
# Mail servers
#
# ASSP SMTP Proxy Jail
[assp]
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = /root/path/to/assp/logs/maillog.txt
[courier-smtp]
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[postfix]
# To use another modes set filter parameter "mode" in jail.local:
mode = more
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(postfix_log)s
backend = %(postfix_backend)s
[postfix-rbl]
filter = postfix[mode=rbl]
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(postfix_log)s
backend = %(postfix_backend)s
maxretry = 1
[sendmail-auth]
port = submission,465,smtp
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[sendmail-reject]
# To use more aggressive modes set filter parameter "mode" in jail.local:
# normal (default), extra or aggressive
# See "tests/files/logs/sendmail-reject" or "filter.d/sendmail-reject.conf" for usage example and details.
#mode = normal
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[qmail-rbl]
filter = qmail
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = /service/qmail/log/main/current
# dovecot defaults to logging to the mail syslog facility
# but can be set by syslog_facility in the dovecot configuration.
[dovecot]
port = pop3,pop3s,imap,imaps,submission,465,sieve
logpath = %(dovecot_log)s
backend = %(dovecot_backend)s
[sieve]
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(dovecot_log)s
backend = %(dovecot_backend)s
[solid-pop3d]
port = pop3,pop3s
logpath = %(solidpop3d_log)s
[exim]
# see filter.d/exim.conf for further modes supported from filter:
#mode = normal
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(exim_main_log)s
[exim-spam]
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(exim_main_log)s
[kerio]
port = imap,smtp,imaps,465
logpath = /opt/kerio/mailserver/store/logs/security.log
#
# Mail servers authenticators: might be used for smtp,ftp,imap servers, so
# all relevant ports get banned
#
[courier-auth]
port = smtp,465,submission,imap,imaps,pop3,pop3s
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[postfix-sasl]
filter = postfix[mode=auth]
port = smtp,465,submission,imap,imaps,pop3,pop3s
# You might consider monitoring /var/log/mail.warn instead if you are
# running postfix since it would provide the same log lines at the
# "warn" level but overall at the smaller filesize.
logpath = %(postfix_log)s
backend = %(postfix_backend)s
[perdition]
port = imap,imaps,pop3,pop3s
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[squirrelmail]
port = smtp,465,submission,imap,imap2,imaps,pop3,pop3s,http,https,socks
logpath = /var/lib/squirrelmail/prefs/squirrelmail_access_log
[cyrus-imap]
port = imap,imaps
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[uwimap-auth]
port = imap,imaps
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
#
#
# DNS servers
#
# !!! WARNING !!!
# Since UDP is connection-less protocol, spoofing of IP and imitation
# of illegal actions is way too simple. Thus enabling of this filter
# might provide an easy way for implementing a DoS against a chosen
# victim. See
# http://nion.modprobe.de/blog/archives/690-fail2ban-+-dns-fail.html
# Please DO NOT USE this jail unless you know what you are doing.
#
# IMPORTANT: see filter.d/named-refused for instructions to enable logging
# This jail blocks UDP traffic for DNS requests.
# [named-refused-udp]
#
# filter = named-refused
# port = domain,953
# protocol = udp
# logpath = /var/log/named/security.log
# IMPORTANT: see filter.d/named-refused for instructions to enable logging
# This jail blocks TCP traffic for DNS requests.
[named-refused]
port = domain,953
logpath = /var/log/named/security.log
[nsd]
port = 53
action_ = %(default/action_)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, protocol="tcp"]
%(default/action_)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, protocol="udp"]
logpath = /var/log/nsd.log
#
# Miscellaneous
#
[asterisk]
port = 5060,5061
action_ = %(default/action_)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, protocol="tcp"]
%(default/action_)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, protocol="udp"]
logpath = /var/log/asterisk/messages
maxretry = 10
[freeswitch]
port = 5060,5061
action_ = %(default/action_)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, protocol="tcp"]
%(default/action_)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, protocol="udp"]
logpath = /var/log/freeswitch.log
maxretry = 10
# enable adminlog; it will log to a file inside znc's directory by default.
[znc-adminlog]
port = 6667
logpath = /var/lib/znc/moddata/adminlog/znc.log
# To log wrong MySQL access attempts add to /etc/my.cnf in [mysqld] or
# equivalent section:
# log-warnings = 2
#
# for syslog (daemon facility)
# [mysqld_safe]
# syslog
#
# for own logfile
# [mysqld]
# log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
[mysqld-auth]
port = 3306
logpath = %(mysql_log)s
backend = %(mysql_backend)s
[mssql-auth]
# Default configuration for Microsoft SQL Server for Linux
# See the 'mssql-conf' manpage how to change logpath or port
logpath = /var/opt/mssql/log/errorlog
port = 1433
filter = mssql-auth
# Log wrong MongoDB auth (for details see filter 'filter.d/mongodb-auth.conf')
[mongodb-auth]
# change port when running with "--shardsvr" or "--configsvr" runtime operation
port = 27017
logpath = /var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log
# Jail for more extended banning of persistent abusers
# !!! WARNINGS !!!
# 1. Make sure that your loglevel specified in fail2ban.conf/.local
# is not at DEBUG level -- which might then cause fail2ban to fall into
# an infinite loop constantly feeding itself with non-informative lines
# 2. Increase dbpurgeage defined in fail2ban.conf to e.g. 648000 (7.5 days)
# to maintain entries for failed logins for sufficient amount of time
[recidive]
logpath = /var/log/fail2ban.log
banaction = %(banaction_allports)s
bantime = 1w
findtime = 1d
# Generic filter for PAM. Has to be used with action which bans all
# ports such as iptables-allports, shorewall
[pam-generic]
# pam-generic filter can be customized to monitor specific subset of 'tty's
banaction = %(banaction_allports)s
logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[xinetd-fail]
banaction = iptables-multiport-log
logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
maxretry = 2
# stunnel - need to set port for this
[stunnel]
logpath = /var/log/stunnel4/stunnel.log
[ejabberd-auth]
port = 5222
logpath = /var/log/ejabberd/ejabberd.log
[counter-strike]
logpath = /opt/cstrike/logs/L[0-9]*.log
tcpport = 27030,27031,27032,27033,27034,27035,27036,27037,27038,27039
udpport = 1200,27000,27001,27002,27003,27004,27005,27006,27007,27008,27009,27010,27011,27012,27013,27014,27015
action_ = %(default/action_)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(tcpport)s", protocol="tcp"]
%(default/action_)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(udpport)s", protocol="udp"]
[softethervpn]
port = 500,4500
protocol = udp
logpath = /usr/local/vpnserver/security_log/*/sec.log
[gitlab]
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/gitlab/gitlab-rails/application.log
[grafana]
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/grafana/grafana.log
[bitwarden]
port = http,https
logpath = /home/*/bwdata/logs/identity/Identity/log.txt
[centreon]
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/centreon/login.log
# consider low maxretry and a long bantime
# nobody except your own Nagios server should ever probe nrpe
[nagios]
logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s ; nrpe.cfg may define a different log_facility
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
maxretry = 1
[oracleims]
# see "oracleims" filter file for configuration requirement for Oracle IMS v6 and above
logpath = /opt/sun/comms/messaging64/log/mail.log_current
banaction = %(banaction_allports)s
[directadmin]
logpath = /var/log/directadmin/login.log
port = 2222
[portsentry]
logpath = /var/lib/portsentry/portsentry.history
maxretry = 1
[pass2allow-ftp]
# this pass2allow example allows FTP traffic after successful HTTP authentication
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
# knocking_url variable must be overridden to some secret value in jail.local
knocking_url = /knocking/
filter = apache-pass[knocking_url="%(knocking_url)s"]
# access log of the website with HTTP auth
logpath = %(apache_access_log)s
blocktype = RETURN
returntype = DROP
action = %(action_)s[blocktype=%(blocktype)s, returntype=%(returntype)s,
actionstart_on_demand=false, actionrepair_on_unban=true]
bantime = 1h
maxretry = 1
findtime = 1
[murmur]
# AKA mumble-server
port = 64738
action_ = %(default/action_)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, protocol="tcp"]
%(default/action_)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, protocol="udp"]
logpath = /var/log/mumble-server/mumble-server.log
[screensharingd]
# For Mac OS Screen Sharing Service (VNC)
logpath = /var/log/system.log
logencoding = utf-8
[haproxy-http-auth]
# HAProxy by default doesn't log to file you'll need to set it up to forward
# logs to a syslog server which would then write them to disk.
# See "haproxy-http-auth" filter for a brief cautionary note when setting
# maxretry and findtime.
logpath = /var/log/haproxy.log
[slapd]
port = ldap,ldaps
logpath = /var/log/slapd.log
[domino-smtp]
port = smtp,ssmtp
logpath = /home/domino01/data/IBM_TECHNICAL_SUPPORT/console.log
[phpmyadmin-syslog]
port = http,https
logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s
backend = %(syslog_backend)s
[zoneminder]
# Zoneminder HTTP/HTTPS web interface auth
# Logs auth failures to apache2 error log
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
[traefik-auth]
# to use 'traefik-auth' filter you have to configure your Traefik instance,
# see `filter.d/traefik-auth.conf` for details and service example.
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/traefik/access.log
[scanlogd]
logpath = %(syslog_local0)s
banaction = %(banaction_allports)s
[monitorix]
port = 8080
logpath = /var/log/monitorix-httpd
[ssh-iptables]
enabled = true
filter = sshd
action = iptables[name=SSH, port=ssh, protocol=tcp]
sendmail-whois[name=SSH, dest=root, sender=fail2ban@example.com]
logpath = /var/log/secure
maxretry = 5
########################################################
# This was written and is maintained by:
# Kirk Bauer <kirk@kaybee.org>
#
# Please send all comments, suggestions, bug reports,
# etc, to kirk@kaybee.org.
#
########################################################
# NOTE:
# All these options are the defaults if you run logwatch with no
# command-line arguments. You can override all of these on the
# command-line.
# You can put comments anywhere you want to. They are effective for the
# rest of the line.
# this is in the format of <name> = <value>. Whitespace at the beginning
# and end of the lines is removed. Whitespace before and after the = sign
# is removed. Everything is case *insensitive*.
# Yes = True = On = 1
# No = False = Off = 0
# You can override the default temp directory (/tmp) here
TmpDir = /var/cache/logwatch
# Output/Format Options
# By default Logwatch will print to stdout in text with no encoding.
# To make email Default set Output = mail to save to file set Output = file
Output = stdout
# To make Html the default formatting Format = html
Format = text
# To make Base64 [aka uuencode] Encode = base64
# Encode = none is the same as Encode = 8bit.
# You can also specify 'Encode = 7bit', but only if all text is ASCII only.
Encode = none
# Input Encoding
# Logwatch assumes that the input is in UTF-8 encoding. Defining CharEncoding
# will use iconv to convert text to the UTF-8 encoding. Set CharEncoding
# to an empty string to use the default current locale. If set to a valid
# encoding, the input characters are converted to UTF-8, discarding any
# illegal characters. Valid encodings are as used by the iconv program,
# and `iconv -l` lists valid character set encodings.
# Setting CharEncoding to UTF-8 simply discards illegal UTF-8 characters.
#CharEncoding = ""
# Default person to mail reports to. Can be a local account or a
# complete email address. Variable Output should be set to mail, or
# --output mail should be passed on command line to enable mail feature.
MailTo = root
# WHen using option --multiemail, it is possible to specify a different
# email recipient per host processed. For example, to send the report
# for hostname host1 to user@example.com, use:
#Mailto_host1 = user@example.com
# Multiple recipients can be specified by separating them with a space.
# Default person to mail reports from. Can be a local account or a
# complete email address.
MailFrom = Logwatch
# if set, the results will be saved in <filename> instead of mailed
# or displayed. Be sure to set Output = file also.
#Filename = /tmp/logwatch
# Use archives? If set to 'Yes', the archives of logfiles
# (i.e. /var/log/messages.1 or /var/log/messages.1.gz) will
# be searched in addition to the /var/log/messages file.
# This usually will not do much if your range is set to just
# 'Yesterday' or 'Today'... it is probably best used with Range = All
# By default this is now set to Yes. To turn off Archives uncomment this.
Archives = Yes
# The default time range for the report...
# The current choices are All, Today, Yesterday
Range = yesterday
# The default detail level for the report.
# This can either be Low, Med, High or a number.
# Low = 0
# Med = 5
# High = 10
Detail = High
# The 'Service' option expects either the name of a filter
# (in /usr/share/logwatch/scripts/services/*) or 'All'.
# The default service(s) to report on. This should be left as All for
# most people.
Service = All
# You can also disable certain services (when specifying all)
Service = "-zz-network" # Prevents execution of zz-network service, which
# prints useful network configuration info.
Service = "-zz-sys" # Prevents execution of zz-sys service, which
# prints useful system configuration info.
Service = "-eximstats" # Prevents execution of eximstats service, which
# is a wrapper for the eximstats program.
# If you only cared about FTP messages, you could use these 2 lines
# instead of the above:
#Service = ftpd-messages # Processes ftpd messages in /var/log/messages
#Service = ftpd-xferlog # Processes ftpd messages in /var/log/xferlog
# Maybe you only wanted reports on PAM messages, then you would use:
#Service = pam_pwdb # PAM_pwdb messages - usually quite a bit
#Service = pam # General PAM messages... usually not many
# You can also choose to use the 'LogFile' option. This will cause
# logwatch to only analyze that one logfile.. for example:
#LogFile = messages
# will process /var/log/messages. This will run all the filters that
# process that logfile. This option is probably not too useful to
# most people. Setting 'Service' to 'All' above analyzes all LogFiles
# anyways...
#
# By default we assume that all Unix systems have sendmail or a sendmail-like MTA.
# The mailer code prints a header with To: From: and Subject:.
# At this point you can change the mailer to anything that can handle this output
# stream.
# TODO test variables in the mailer string to see if the To/From/Subject can be set
# From here with out breaking anything. This would allow mail/mailx/nail etc..... -mgt
mailer = "/usr/sbin/sendmail -t"
#
# With this option set to a comma separated list of hostnames, only log entries
# for these particular hosts will be processed. This can allow a log host to
# process only its own logs, or Logwatch can be run once per a set of hosts
# included in the logfiles.
# Example: HostLimit = hosta,hostb,myhost
#
# The default is to report on all log entries, regardless of its source host.
# Note that some logfiles do not include host information and will not be
# influenced by this setting.
#
#HostLimit = myhost
# Default Log Directory
# All log-files are assumed to be given relative to the LogDir directory.
# Multiple LogDir statements are possible. Additional configuration variables
# to set particular directories follow, so LogDir need not be set.
LogDir = /var/log
#
# By default /var/adm is searched after LogDir.
#AppendVarAdmToLogDirs = 1
#
# By default /var/log is to be searched after LogDir and /var/adm/ .
#AppendVarLogToLogDirs = 1
#
# The current working directory can be searched after the above. Not set by
# default.
#AppendCWDToLogDirs = 0
# vi: shiftwidth=3 tabstop=3 et

Ubuntu local server recommendations

Update the system

Run sudo apt update and sudo apt full-upgrade to update the system.

Change the default password

Run passwd to change the default password.

Disable the default account

  1. Create a new user account with the command sudo adduser <username>.
  2. Give the user the sudo privilege with the command sudo adduser <username> sudo.
  3. Delete the default user account with the command sudo deluser -remove-home <default username>.

Make sudo require a password

  1. In a terminal window, run sudo visudo.
  2. Add the following line to the end of the file:
    YOUR_USERNAME_HERE ALL=(ALL) PASSWD: ALL
    

Change the hostname

  1. Run this command: sudo hostname new-server-name-here.
  2. Edit the /etc/hostname file and update hostname.
  3. Edit the /etc/hosts file and update the lines that reads your old-host-name.

SSH

Prevent root login

  1. Open the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file with a text editor.
  2. Comment the following line:
    #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
    
  3. Restart the SSH service with sudo service ssh restart.

Key-Based Authentication

⚠️ Important: Before that change is made, you must copy the SSH key from your computer to the server. For example, you can use the following command: ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub YOUR_USERNAME_HERE@YOUR_SERVICE_HERE.

  • Change this line in the SSH configuration file we saw before:
     PasswordAuthentication no
    

Change the default port

  1. Open the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file with a text editor.
  2. Insert the following line, if it already exists, replace it with the following line:
    Port 1111
    
  3. Restart the SSH service with sudo service ssh restart.

Configure Dynamic DNS client (ddclient)

This steps are based on this article.

Set up Dynamic DNS service provider (Google Domains)

  1. Sign in to Google Domains with your Google account and select the name of the domain you want to use.
  2. Go to the DNS tab, and click on the Show advanced settings button, and then click on the Manage Dynamic DNS button and create a new record.

Set up a client program on your gateway, host, or server

  1. Install ddclient with sudo apt-get install ddclient.

  2. Edit the /etc/ddclient.conf file with a text editor.

    It should look similar to this, but with your DNS credentials we obtained earlier and the domain would be depending on what you set up on the dynamic DNS section.

    ssl=yes
    protocol=googledomains
    use=web
    login=GOOGLEDNSUSERNAME
    password=GOOGLEDNSPASSWORD
    yourdomain.com # comma-separated list of domains
    
  3. Test the configuration by running sudo ddclient -daemon=0 -debug -verbose -noquiet.

💡 Tip: If you run the ddclient daemon again, it will compare its IP address with the address it cached (not with the one we changed using the GET request above); therefore will think its IP hasn’t changed. So you need to delete its cache and then run the update sequence as below.

sudo rm -f /var/cache/ddclient/ddclient.cache

Keep your system updated with automatic updates

  1. Install unattended-upgrades and apt-listchanges.
  2. Create the apt configuration file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02periodic to activate unattended-upgrades.
  3. Use 02periodic file.

Configure an intrusion prevention software

  1. Install fail2ban.
  2. Copy fail2ban.conf in /etc/fail2ban/fail2ban.local.
  3. Copy jail.conf in /etc/fail2ban/jail.local.
  4. Enable and start fail2ban with commands sudo systemctl enable fail2ban and sudo systemctl start fail2ban.

Configure a firewall

  1. Install ufw.
  2. Set logging true with sudo ufw logging on command.
  3. Create rules:
    sudo ufw default allow outgoing
    sudo ufw default deny incoming
    sudo ufw limit ssh/tcp comment 'Rate limit for openssh server'
  4. Enable with sudo ufw enable command.

Logs information

  1. Install logwatch
  2. Create logwatch temporary directory with sudo mkdir /var/cache/logwatch command.
  3. Copy file logwatch.conf into /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf.

Additional Recommendations

Recommended packages

  • apt-transport-https
  • watchdog
  • Htop
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