rgharris/Microsoft 70-480 Exam Study Guide.md

## Microsoft 70-480 Exam Study Guide.md

      
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              Microsoft 70-480 Exam Study Guide.md
            
          
    Microsoft 70-480 Exam Study Guide

Programming in HTML5 with JavaScript and CSS3

Table of Contents

Intro
CSS

Standard Selectors
Pseudo Classes
Pseudo Elements
Precedence
Specificity
Link Pseudo Class Selectors
jQuery Selectors
Positioning
Fonts
Properties
Animations
Flexbox
Grid Display
Regions
Exclusions
2D Tranforms
3D Transforms

HTML

Basic Layout
Semantic Elements
Form Validation
App Cache
SVG
Video
Audio
colgroup

JavaScript

AJAX
Serialization and Forms
RegEx and Validation
Async with jQuery
Web Workers
Web Messaging
Web Sockets
Web Storage
Prototype Inheritance
Functions
Arrays
Geo-location API
DOM Manipulation
Canvas
Drag and Drop

Intro

This study guide is what I created prior to taking the Microsoft 70-480 test. There is a lot of shorthand and the code samples are not complete. I studied and read a couple of books prior to making this study guide. This guide does not include a lot of basic CSS, HTML, or JavaScript concepts. If you haven't learned about a topic in this study guide or the Microsoft 70-480 Skills Measured section I would recommend trying one of the books or resources below.
Books I read

JavaScript: The Good Parts by Douglas Crockford
Training Guide Programming in HTML5 with JavaScript and CSS3 by Glenn Johnson

Resources I used

Mozilla Developer Network
CSS Tricks

CSS

Standard Selectors

button //element
#someId
.someClass
* //universal selector, avoid
table td //descendent
div > p //child
div + h1 //subsequent adjacent sibling
div ~ h1 //subsequent sibling
a[href] //attribute
a[href='http://localhost'] //equals
a[href*='localhost'] //contains
a[href^='https'] //starts with
a[href$='.png'] //ends with
a[data-bind~='css'] //contains - space separated

Pseudo Classes

:link
:visited
:active
:hover
:focus
:checked
:lang(language) 
:not(selector)
:first-child
:last-child
:nth-child(an+b) 
:nth-last-child(an+b)
:only-child
:only-of-type
:first-of-type
:last-of-type
:target //ID at end of URL - e.g. 'http://a.com/index.html#test'

//examples
p:lang(en) {}
div p:nth-child(3n+2) {}

Pseudo Elements

::first-line
::first-letter
::before //can set content
::after //can set content

//examples
#myParagraph::after {
	color: #FFF;
	content: 'test content';
}
#myParagraph::first-letter {
	font-weight: bold;
}

Precedence


browser - lowest precedence
user
author
author !important
user !important - highest precedence

Specificity

a is most significant, followed by b, then c

a = # of id selectors
b = # of class, attribute, and pseudo class selectors
c = # of element selectors

Link Pseudo Class Selectors

Order is important

a:link and/or a:visited
a:hover
a:active - when clicked

jQuery Selectors

:contains('blah') //matches elements containing the specified text
:header //h1, h2, etc.

//example
$("p:contains('blah')")

Positioning


fixed - positioned relative to view-port, taken out of flow
absolute - positioned relative to nearest positioned (non-static) ancestor, taken out of flow
relative - normal flow, then offset by top and left
static - default, normal flow

Fonts

@font-face {
	font-family: "Some Name";
	src: local("Arial"),
	     url("YourCustomFont.ttf");
	font-weight: bold;
}
p {
	font-family: "Some Name", Serif;
}

Properties

The initial and inherit values have been left off intentionally. The first value listed is the default.
/* determines how far background extends */
background-clip: border-box | padding-box | content-box; 
background-repeat: repeat | repeat-x | repeat-y | no-repeat;
border: 1px solid black;
border-radius: <top-left> <top-right> <bottom-right> <bottom-left>; //or just one
border-style: none | solid | dotted | dashed | double | groove | ridge | inset | outset;
box-sizing: content-box | padding-box | border-box;
clip-path: url(blah.svg#test1) | polygon() | rect() | circle() | ellipse();
columns: <min-column-width> <max-number-of-columns>; //column-count and column-width
font-weight: normal | bold | bolder | lighter | 100 | 200 | ... | 900 ;
font-style: normal | italic | oblique;
letter-spacing: normal | <length>;
opacity: <decimal in range 0 to 1>;
overflow: visible | hidden | scroll | auto; /* auto adds scroll bars if needed */
padding: <all> | <top&bottom> <left&right> | <top> <right> <bottom> <left>;
text-align: left | right | center | justify;
text-indent: <size>; /* first text in element */
text-shadow: <x-offset> <y-offset> <blur-radius> <color>;

Axis for x, y offsets
(0, 0)
    ----------- +x
    |
    |
    |
    +
    y

Some properties such as color inherit by default. For other properties you can force inheritance by using the inherit value.
Animations

.classToAminate {
	    /* <name> <duration> <delay> <# of times> <fill mode> */
    animation: Your-Animation 5s 1s infinite backwards;
}
@keyframes Your-Animation {
      0% { opacity: 0.1; } /* can use 'from' instead of '0%' */
     50% { opacity: 0.2; }
    100% { opacity: 0.8; } /* can use 'to' instead of '100%' */
}

Flexbox

Supported by all latest browsers
.container {
    display: flex; /* or inline-flex */
    flex-direction: row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse;
    flex-wrap: nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse;
    justify-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around;
    /* for cross-axis */
    align-items: flex-start | flex-end | center | stretch | baseline;
    /* like justify-content for cross-axis, only applies when wrapping */
    align-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around;
}
.item {
    order: <integer>; /* default 0 */
    flex-grow: <number>; /* default 0 */
    flex-shrink: <number>; /* default 1 */
    flex-basis: main-size | <length>; /* size before distributing space according to flex factors */
    flex: <flex-grow> <flex-shrink> <flex-basis>;
    /* overrides container align-items setting */
    align-self: auto | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch;
}

Interactive demo that allows you to see how modifying properties affect the layout:
http://demo.agektmr.com/flexbox
Grid Display

Only supported by IE currently, use -ms- prefix for IE 10.
display: ms-grid; /* IE 10 */
display: grid; /* or inline-grid */
/* column 1 = 100px wide, 2 = 2%, 3 = remaining space */
grid-columns: 100px 2% 1fr; 
grid-rows: auto 10px auto 10px auto; /* auto means content will determine size */
.header, .footer {
    grid-column-span: 3;
}
.header {
    grid-row: 1;
}
.footer {
    grid-row: 5;
}	    
.main {
    grid-column: 3;
    grid-row: 3;
}

Regions

Only supported with iframe sources in IE, use -ms- prefix. Chrome and Firefox don't support.
<div class="text">
    Blah blah blah...
</div>
<div class="containers"></div>
<div class="containers"></div>

.text {
    flow-into: text-flow; /* text-flow is an arbitrary name */
}
.containers {
    flow-from: text-flow;
}

Exclusions

wrap-flow: auto | clear | both | end | start;

2D Transforms

Use relative position on parent, absolute on child. Set child width to 100%.
transform:
    translate(x, y) /* e.g. translate(200px, 150px) */
    rotate(angle) /* e.g. rotate(30deg) */
    scale(sx, sy); /* e.g. scale(1.5, 2.2) */

3D Transforms

Use relative position on parent, absolute on child. Set child width to 100%.
perspective: 1000px; /* enables 3d space for children */

/* child styles */
transform-style: preserve-3d;
transform: 
    perspective(500px) /* gives depth */
    rotateX(10px)
    rotatey(10px)
    rotateZ(10px)
    translateZ(10px)
    scaleZ(10);

Media Queries

<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (min-width: 700px)" href="a.css"/>
@media screen {}
@media print {}
/* all is implied, not necessary */
@media all and (max-width: 699px) and (min-width: 520px), (max-width: 200px) {}

HTML

Basic Layout

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>A Title</title>
    <link href="css/style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <script src="js/test.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <header>
	    <h1>Header</h1>
	    <nav>
		    <ul>
			    ...
		    </ul>
	    </nav>
    </header>
    <section>
	    <article>
		    <header>
			    <h1>...</h1>
			    <h2>...</h2>
		    </header>
		    <p>...</p>
	    </article>
    </section>
    <aside>...</aside>
    <footer>...</footer>
</body>
</html>

Semantic Elements


section
nav
article - self contained
aside - loosely related, could be removed
header
footer
figure

figcaption


details - just the summary is displayed unless clicked

summary


strong
em
abbr - set title attribute
address - contact info for the author of a document
blockquote, q - use cite within for the name of the
code, samp - use white-space: pre to preserve white space
pre
var
wbr - suggested breaking point
dfn
dl - description list
dt, dd - term, description- don't nest
caption - table caption - first element in table

Form Validation

Name must be specified on the element for validation to work

type - email, date, number, range, color, search, tel, url
required
min, max, step
autofocus, placeholder
pattern - must match entire value - regex

App Cache

Including in html:
<html manifest="example.appcache">...</html>

The cache is cleared if the manifest changes, including a date is a good option. Example cache manifest file:
CACHE MANIFEST
# 11/16/2014 
CACHE:
    img/logo.jpg
NETWORK:
    *
FALLBACK:
    index.aspx staticIndex.html
    images/ backup/notFoundImage.jpg

SVG

Scalable Vector Graphics. SVG example:
<svg width="500" height="300" xmlns="...">
    <path ... />
    <circle ... />
    <polygon ... />
    <rect ... />
    <text ... />
</svg>
<!-- viewBox="minX minY x y" controls what portion of the image is displayed -->
<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 10 15 15">...</svg>

Usage:
<image src="test.svg" />

Video

<video controls="controls" height="500">
    <source src="..." type="..." />
    <source src="..." type="..." />
</video>

Attributes: autoplay, controls, height, loop, muted, poster, preload, src, width
Formats

.ogv - not IE, iPhone, or Android
.webm - not iPhone
.mp4 - not Firefox or Opera

Audio

<audio id="test" controls="controls">
    <source src="..." type="..." />
    <source src="..." type="..." />
</audio >

Attributes: autoplay, controls, loop, preload, src
Formats

.oga/.ogg
.mp3,
.mp4/.mp4a/.aac
.wav

Using ogg and acc should give full browser support.
colgroup

<table>
  <colgroup span="3">
      <col width="15px" />
      <col width="15px" />
      <col class="col3" />
  </colgroup>
  <colgroup span="1"></colgroup>
  <tr>
    <td>Column A</td>
    <td>Column B</td>
    <td>Column C</td>
    <td>Column D</td>
  </tr>
</table>

JavaScript

AJAX

$.ajax({
    url: 'url',
    type: 'POST',
    data: formData,
    async: true, //default is true
    cache: true, //default is true
    complete: someFunc, //called after success and error
    //error, password, success, username
}).done(function(data) {...}).fail(func).always(func);

Without jQuery
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.onload = function test() {
    console.log(this.responseText);
};
request.open("get", "yourService", true /* async */);

Events: progress, load, error, abort, readystatechange
Properties: responseText, responseXML, response, readyState, status
readyState:

0 - READYSTATE_UNINITIALIZED
1 - READYSTATE_LOADING
2 - READYSTATE_LOADED - sent
3 - READYSTATE_INTERACTIVE - some data received, still receiving
4 - READYSTATE_COMPLETE

Serialization and Forms

$("form").serialize() //to URL encoded string
$("form").serializeArray() //to array of name value pairs
$.parseXML("string") //XML string to XML document that can be passed to jQuery to parse
JSON.parse(str)
JSON.stringify(obj)
$.parseJSON(str)
encodeURI(str) //encodes string for use as a URL
encodeURIComponent(str) //encodes string for use in part of a URL
$.toJSON(data) //removed from jQuery in 1.9
JSON.stringify($("form").serializeArray()) //string [{"name":,"value":}] for POSTing

RegEx and Validation

Regex
var str = "test";
var re = /[a-z]+/; //or new RegExp("[a-z]+") to be dynamic
var array = re.exec(str);
var newStr = str.replace(re, "blah"); //access groups created with () by $1, $2, ... in the replacement string
re.test(str);

Handy validation functions
typeOf(x)
isNaN(x)
parseFloat(x)
isFinite(x)

Async with jQuery

Promises created from a $.Deferred() object
Deferred methods

resolve
resolveWith
notify
notifyWith
reject
rejectWith
promise

Promise methods

always
done
fail
pipe
progress
state
then

Web Workers

Non blocking, can't access DOM
var worker = new Worker("myWorker.js");
worker.onmessage = function(e) {
    console.log(e.data);
}
worker.onerror = function(e) {
    console.log(e.data);
}
worker.postMessage("blah");
worker.terminate(); //force kills without cleanup
//worker itself can call close()

Web worker timeouts and intervals
var timeoutId = setTimeout(func, delay /*ms*/);
clearTimeout(timeoutId);

var intervalId = setInterval(func, delay); //runs repeatedly
clearInterval(intervalId);

Web Messaging

Communication with other tabs, windows, and frames.
window.postMessage("message", "http://test.com");
window.addEventListener("message", messageHandler, false /*capture*/);
function messageHandler(e) {
    if (e.origin == "http://a.com") {
	    //use e.data
    }
}

Web Sockets

TCP based, full-duplex continuous connection.
Functions: send, close, onclose, onerror, onmessage, onopen, porotocol, readystate, url, binaryType, bufferedAmount
var webSocket = new WebSocket(url);

function sendMessage() {
    if (webSocket.readyState !== WebSocket.OPEN) { return; }
    webSocket.send("test");
}

webSocket.onmessage = function(e) {
    // use e.data
}

webSocket.close();

Libraries

SignalR - ASP.Net
Socket.IO - Node.js

Web Storage

localStorage and sessionStorage
localStorage["test"]; //same as localStorage.getItem("test")
localStorage["test"] = foo; //same as localStorage.setItem("test", foo);
localStorage.removeItem("test");
localStorage.clear();

storage event fires on any change
window.addEventListener("storage", storageHandler, false);

storage event object properties

key
oldValue
newValue
url
storageArea

Prototype Inheritance

var b = Object.create(a); //inherit from a

//same as Object.create()
function inherit(proto) {
  function F() {}     
  F.prototype = proto 
  return new F()      
}

for (var x in b) {
    if (object.hasOwnProperty(x)) { ... }
}

someObject.prototype
someObject.prototype.constructor

Functions

getElementById
getElementsByTagName
getElementsByName
getElementsByClass
querySelector //first match - CSS selector
querySelectorAll

addEventListener(eventName, function, useCapture)
attachEvent(eventName, function) //older IE & Opera
removeEventListener(eventName, function, useCapture)
detachEvent(eventName, function) //older IE & Opera
e.stopPropogation()
e.preventDefault()
var target = event.target || event.srcElement; //srcElement is legacy IE only

//fire an event
var event = new Event("test");
element.dispatchEvent(event);
element.fireEvent("on"+event.eventType, event); //IE9 and below

//iterate through object properties
for (var x in object) {
    if (object.hasOwnProperty(x)) { ... }
}
//use for loop for arrays

//execute function immediately, bind to 'this' 
func.call(this, arg1, arg2, ...);
func.apply(this, argArray);

//returns new function that is bound to 'this'
func.bind(this, arg1, arg2, ...);

Arrays

new Array()
new Array('blah', 'test')
arr = ['blah', 'test']

.length
.concat()
.indexOf()
.lastIndexOf()
.join() //blah,test - takes optional separator parameter
.pop() //removes last item, returns it
.push() //adds to end, can pass multiple items to add
.reverse()
.shift() //removes first item, returns it
.slice(start, end)
.sort(func) //func is optional
.splice(start, numToRemove, itemsToAdd, ...) //returns removed elements
.toString() //comma separated like join
.unshift() //adds to beginning, can pass multiple items to add
.valueOf() //comma separated like join

Geo-location API

Use navigator.geolocation object.
.getCurrentPosition(func(position){}, func(error){}, options);

position

coords

latitude
longitude
altitude
accuracy
altitudeaccuracy
heading
speed


timestamp

options

enableHighAccuracy
timeout - default is none (-1)
maximumAge in ms - default is no caching (0)


var watchId = .getWatchPosition(func(position){}, func(error){}, options);

function endWatch() {
    if (watchId !== 0) {
	    .clearWatch(watchId);
	    watchId = 0;
    }
}

DOM Manipulation

parent.removeChild(item) //returns removed node
element.cloneNode(deep) //deep = whether or not to clone children
parent.appendChild(newChild) //adds to end of children
parent.insertBefore(newElement, elementToInsertBefore)
parent.replaceChild(newChild, oldChild)

element.style.display = "none";
element.style.visibility = "hidden"; //still takes up space just not visible

$("#test").show()
$("#test").hide()

element.className //space delimited string
element.classList //.add(), remove(), toggle(), contains()

Canvas

HTML
<canvas id="a" width="200" height="150"></canvas>

JavaScript
var canvas = document.getElementById("a");
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");

.fillStyle, strokeStyle, lineWidth, lineJoin
.fillRect(x, y, width, height), strokeRect(...), clearRect(...)

.beginPath()
.moveTo(x, y)
.lineTo(x, y)
//draws clockwise by default
//radians = (Math.PI/180)*degrees
.arc(x, y, radius, startAngle, endAngle, anti-clockwise) 
.arcTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, radius) //x0, y0 are current position draws from current position through arc
.quadraticCurveTo()
.bezierCurveTo()
.closePath()
.stroke() //or .fill()

.font, textAlign, textBaseline
context.font = "bold 12px sans-serif";
context.fillText("test", 150, 200);

var gradient = context.createLinearGradient(x0, y0, x1, y1)
//.createRadialGradient(x0, y0, r0, x1, y1, r1)
gradient.addColorStop(0, "black"); //range 0 to 1
gradient.addColorStop(1, "white");
context.fillStyle = gradient;
context.fillRect(0, 0, 200, 100);
context.save() //restore() - state context, stack

var image = new Image();
image.src = "...";
image.onload = function() {
    context.drawImage(image, x, y);
}

Drag and Drop

Set attribute draggable to true to allow element to be dragged. In most browsers links, images, and selected text are draggable by default.
Use css cursor: move to give a visual cue that the element is draggable.
Drag events


dragstart


drag //fires while element is being dragged


dragenter


dragleave


dragover


drop


dragend //fires when operation completes, whether or not it succeeded

function handleDragStart(e) {
dragSource = this;
e.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = 'move';
e.dataTransfer.setData('text/html', this.innerHTML);
}
function handleDrop(e) {
e.stopPropogation();
e.preventDefault();
if (dragSource !== this) {
dragSource.innerHTML = this.innerHTML;
this.innerHTML = e.dataTransfer.getData('text/html');
}
}


Handle dragging from desktop to browser
function handleDrop(e) {
    e.stopPropogation();
    e.preventDefault();
    
    var files = e.dataTransfer.files;
    for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
	    //read file objects
    }
}