Infura is a centralized solution that provides access to Ethereum API to developers. This allows developers to create their apps without having to manage their own node infrastructure, sync to the network, etc. Used by MetaMask.
They use a private Vipnode pool to manage access to Ethereum nodes. According to their website, they run Geth (Go), Parity (Rust) & Hyperledger Besu (Java) Ethereum clients. They also provide a Dashboard to provide analytics to the developers.