Easier than ever to include hindi text in pdflatex-only files

get-compiled-english-devanagari-package-overleaf-text.py

# Process.py
# The repaired version of https://gist.github.com/shreevatsa/4d476ac26a367fa68984d8c06867d7dd#file-get-dn-py

from __future__ import unicode_literals

import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys

consonants = {
    0x0915: ['k'],
    0x0916: ['kh'],
    0x0917: ['g'],
    0x0918: ['gh'],
    0x0919: ['"n'],
    0x091A: ['c'],
    0x091B: ['ch'],
    0x091C: ['j'],
    0x091D: ['jh'],
    0x091E: ['~n'],
    0x091F: ['.t'],
    0x0920: ['.th'],
    0x0921: ['.d'],
    0x0922: ['.dh'],
    0x0923: ['.n'],
    0x0924: ['t'],
    0x0925: ['th'],
    0x0926: ['d'],
    0x0927: ['dh'],
    0x0928: ['n'],
    0x092A: ['p'],
    0x092B: ['ph'],
    0x092C: ['b'],
    0x092D: ['bh'],
    0x092E: ['m'],
    0x092F: ['y'],
    0x0930: ['r'],
    0x0932: ['l'],
    0x0933: ['L'],
    0x0935: ['v'],
    0x0936: ['"s'],
    0x0937: ['.s'],
    0x0938: ['s'],
    0x0939: ['h'],
    0x0958: ['q'],
    0x0959: ['.kh'],
    0x095A: ['.g'],
    0x095B: ['z'],
    0x095C: ['R'],
    0x095D: ['Rh'],
    0x095E: ['f'],
}
vowel_signs = {
    0x093E: ['aa'],
    0x093F: ['i'],
    0x0940: ['ii'],
    0x0941: ['u'],
    0x0942: ['uu'],
    0x0943: ['.r'],
    0x0944: ['.R', '.r.r'],
    0x0947: ['e'],
    0x0948: ['ai'],
    0x0949: ['~o'],
    0x094B: ['o'],
    0x094C: ['au'],
    0x0962: ['.l'],
    0x0963: ['.ll', '.l.l'],
}
vowels = {
    0x0905: ['a'],
    0x0906: ['aa'],
    0x0907: ['i'],
    0x0908: ['ii'],
    0x0909: ['u'],
    0x090A: ['uu'],
    0x090B: ['.r'],
    0x090C: ['.l'],
    0x090F: ['e'],
    0x0910: ['ai'],
    0x0913: ['o'],
    0x0914: ['au'],
    0x0960: ['.R'],
    0x0961: ['.L'],
    0x0972: ['~a'],
}
other = {
    # 0x002E: ['..'],
    0x0901: ['/'],
    0x0902: ['.m'],
    0x0903: ['.h'],
    0x093D: ['.a'],
    0x094D: ['&'],
    0x0950: ['.o'],
    0x0964: ['|'],
    0x0965: ['||'],
    0x0966: ['0'],
    0x0967: ['1'],
    0x0968: ['2'],
    0x0969: ['3'],
    0x096A: ['4'],
    0x096B: ['5'],
    0x096C: ['6'],
    0x096D: ['7'],
    0x096E: ['8'],
    0x096F: ['9'],
    0x0970: ['@'],
    0x0971: ['#'],
}

re_consonant = '|'.join(chr(n) for n in consonants)
re_vowel_sign = '|'.join(chr(n) for n in vowel_signs)
re_vowel = '|'.join(chr(n) for n in vowels)
re_other = '|'.join(chr(n) for n in other)
re_virama = chr(0x094D)
re_a = vowels[0x0905][0]  # 'a'

def velthuis(devanagari):
    text = devanagari
    text = re.sub('(%s)(%s)' % (re_consonant, re_vowel_sign),
                  lambda match: consonants[ord(match.group(1))][0] + vowel_signs[ord(match.group(2))][0],
                  text)
    text = re.sub('(%s)(%s)' % (re_consonant, re_virama),
                  lambda match: consonants[ord(match.group(1))][0],
                  text)
    text = re.sub('(%s)' % re_consonant,
                  lambda match: consonants[ord(match.group(1))][0] + re_a,
                  text)
    text = re.sub('(%s)' % re_vowel,
                  lambda match: vowels[ord(match.group(1))][0],
                  text)
    text = re.sub('(%s)' % re_other,
                  lambda match: other[ord(match.group(1))][0],
                  text)
    return text

def wikner(devanagari):
    text = devanagari
    text = re.sub('(%s)(%s)' % (re_consonant, re_vowel_sign),
                  lambda match: consonants[ord(match.group(1))][-1] + vowel_signs[ord(match.group(2))][-1],
                  text)
    text = re.sub('(%s)(%s)' % (re_consonant, re_virama),
                  lambda match: consonants[ord(match.group(1))][-1],
                  text)
    text = re.sub('(%s)' % re_consonant,
                  lambda match: consonants[ord(match.group(1))][-1] + re_a,
                  text)
    text = re.sub('(%s)' % re_vowel,
                  lambda match: vowels[ord(match.group(1))][-1],
                  text)
    text = re.sub('(%s)' % re_other,
                  lambda match: other[ord(match.group(1))][-1],
                  text)
    return text


random_filename = 'lwfzal3XBeV8H10I8f4n'

# Added support of nukta from https://gist.github.com/ritwikmishra/9f8d6de45aff8fbe959d4260269d9eeb
nukta_dict = {
		'क़': 'क़',
		'ख़': 'ख़',
		'ग़': 'ग़',
		'ज़': 'ज़',
		'ड़': 'ड़',
		'ढ़': 'ढ़',
		'फ़': 'फ़',
		'य़': 'य़',
		'ऱ': 'ऱ',
		'ऴ': 'ऴ'
}

def get_preprocessed(filename, ext):
    preprocessor = {
        'dn': 'devnag',
        'skt': './skt',
    }
    assert ext in preprocessor.keys(), ext
    text = open(filename).read()
		for k in nukta_dict.keys():
				text = text.replace(k,nukta_dict[k])
    transliterated = velthuis(text) if ext == 'dn' else wikner(text)
    infile = '%s-%s.%s' % (random_filename, ext, ext)
    open(infile, 'w').write(r'{\%s %s}' % (ext, transliterated))
    p = subprocess.Popen([preprocessor[ext], infile],
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                         close_fds=True)
    out, err, ret = p.stdout.read(), p.stderr.read(), p.returncode
    if err or ret:
        print ('input: <%s>' % text.encode('utf-8'))
        print ('transliterated: <%s>' % transliterated)
        print ('stdout: <%s>' % out)
        print ('stderr: <%s>' % err)
        print ('returned: <%s>' % ret)
        raise ValueError
    outfile = '%s-%s.tex' % (random_filename, ext)
    translation = open(outfile).read()
    os.remove(outfile)
    os.remove(infile)
    prefix = r'\def\DevnagVersion{2.15}{\dn ' if ext == 'dn' else r'{\skt '
    translation = translation[len(prefix):-1]
    return translation

ext= 'dn' # Compiler format
filename= '../input/santshr/name.dn' # Source of the file
print(get_preprocessed(filename, ext)) # PdfLaTeX ready content

Don't forget to compile the devnag.c file from here before doing this.
https://ctan.um.ac.ir/language/devanagari/velthuis/bin/devnag.c

Don't forget to compile the devnag.c file from here before doing this. https://ctan.um.ac.ir/language/devanagari/velthuis/bin/devnag.c

Thanks for that ✨
With kaggle, you don't need to even run a compiler.