If you have not played OneShot yet, go do that RIGHT NOW. It's available on Steam and itch.io, and it's one of my favorite games of all time.
This puzzle appears in the Factory in the Refuge, and is a variant of the game Mastermind. You have 5 lights that you can toggle to either orange, blue, green or red. There's a correct pattern of 5 colors that you're supposed to guess. After you set each light, you can pull a lever, and it will tell you how many lights you got correct. You get 10 attempts before the puzzle resets itself. Depending on the pattern, it can be quite easy or fairly tricky to guess the right pattern.