hexnum-simple.rb

class HexNum < Numeric

  # Create a new instance from an int or String.
  def initialize(val)
    case val
    when String
      @i = parse_string(val)
      @s = val.frozen? ? val : val.dup.freeze
    when Numeric
      @i = val.to_i
    else
      raise ArgumentError, 'Cannot convert %p' % val
    end
  end

  # conversions

  def to_s
    @s ||= (@i < 0 ? '-0x%x' % -@i : '0x%x' % @i).freeze
  end

  def to_i
    @i
  end

  alias to_int to_i

  def to_hex
    self
  end

  # equivalence

  def eql?(num)
    self.class.equal?(num.class) && @i == num.to_i
  end

  alias == eql?

  # hash code calculation

  def hash
    @i.hash
  end

  # various tests that Fixnum also has

  def zero?
    @i.zero?
  end

  def nonzero?
    @i.nonzero?
  end

  def odd?
    @i.odd?
  end

  def even?
    @i.even?
  end

  def between?(a, b)
    @i.between? a, b
  end

  def integer?
    true
  end

  def real?
    true
  end

  # coercion

  def coerce(o)
    [HexNum.new(o.to_int), self]
  end

  # comparability

  include Comparable

  def <=>(o)
    case o
    when HexNum
      @i <=> o.to_i
    when Numeric
      @i <=> o
    else
      a, b = o.coerce(self)
      a <=> b
    end rescue nil
  end

  # unary operators

  def +@
    self
  end

  def -@
    HexNum.new(-@i)
  end

  # binary operators

  def +(o)
    op(:+, o)
  end

  def -(o)
    op(:-, o)
  end

  def *(o)
    op(:*, o)
  end

  def /(o)
    op(:/, o)
  end

  # asymmetric binary operators

  def **(o)
    op(:**, o)
  end

  def <<(o)
    HexNum.new(@i << o.to_int)
  end

  def >>(o)
    HexNum.new(@i >> o.to_int)
  end

  # bit operators

  def &(o)
    HexNum.new(@i & o.to_int)
  end

  def |(o)
    HexNum.new(@i | o.to_int)
  end

  # freeze

  def freeze
    to_s
    super
  end

  private

  # Parse a string with valid format (0x1234).
  def parse_string(str)
    if %r{\A[-+]?(?:0x)?[a-h0-9]+\z}i =~ str
      str.to_i(16)
    else
      raise ArgumentError, 'Cannot parse %p' % str
    end
  end

  # generic operator implementation
  def op(sym, o)
    case o
    when HexNum
      HexNum.new(@i.send(sym, o.to_i))
    when Numeric
      HexNum.new(@i.send(sym, o))
    else
      a, b = o.coerce(self)
      a.send(sym, b)
    end
  end
end

# more conversions

def HexNum(i)
  HexNum.new(Integer(i))
end

class Object
  def to_hex
    HexNum.new(to_i)
  end
end

# ===== Test Code ===================================================

h1 = HexNum.new 83
h2 = 83.to_hex

printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1 = HexNum.new 83', h1
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1.to_i', h1.to_i
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h2 = 83.to_hex', h2
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h2.to_int', h2.to_int
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1 == h2', h1 == h2
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h2.eql? h1', h2.eql?(h1)
# printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1.odd?', h1.odd?
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1 <=> h2', h1 <=> h2

h3 = h1 + 17
h4 = 17 + h2

printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h3 = h1 + 17', h3
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h4 = 17 + h1', h4
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1 < h3', h1 < h3
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h2 >= h4', h2 >= h4

h5 = -h1

printf "%-30s %p\n", 'negated', h5
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'neg sum', h5 + h2

printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1 / 1.2', h1 / 1.2
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h3 / h1', h3 / h1

ha = (1..10).map { HexNum(rand(100)) }
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'random array', ha.map {|h| h.to_s}
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'sorted', ha.sort.map {|h| h.to_s}

[80, 83, 84, 80.1, 83.0, 84.3, 1 << 40, -(1 << 40)].each do |n|
  printf "%20s %-10p h1<=>n %2d  n<=>h1 %2d\n", n, n.class, h1 <=> n, n <=> h1
end

hexnum.rb

class HexNum < Numeric

  # Create a new instance from an int or String.
  def initialize(val)
    case val
    when String
      @i = parse_string(val)
      @s = val.frozen? ? val : val.dup.freeze
    when Numeric
      @i = val.to_i
    else
      raise ArgumentError, 'Cannot convert %p' % val
    end
  end

  # conversions

  def to_s
    @s ||= (@i < 0 ? '-0x%x' % -@i : '0x%x' % @i).freeze
  end

  def to_i
    @i
  end

  alias to_int to_i

  def to_hex
    self
  end

  # equivalence

  def eql?(num)
    self.class.equal?(num.class) && @i == num.to_i
  end

  alias == eql?

  # hash code calculation

  def hash
    @i.hash
  end

  # various tests that Fixnum also has

  def zero?
    @i.zero?
  end

  def nonzero?
    @i.nonzero?
  end

  def odd?
    @i.odd?
  end

  def even?
    @i.even?
  end

  def between?(a, b)
    @i.between? a, b
  end

  def integer?
    true
  end

  def real?
    true
  end

  # coercion

  def coerce(o)
    [HexNum.new(o.to_int), self]
  end

  # comparability

  include Comparable

  def <=>(o)
    case o
    when HexNum
      @i <=> o.to_i
    when Numeric
      @i <=> o
    else
      a, b = o.coerce(self)
      a <=> b
    end rescue nil
  end

  # unary operators

  def +@
    self
  end

  def -@
    HexNum.new(-@i)
  end

  # binary operators

  def +(o)
    case o
    when Integer
      HexNum.new(@i + o)
    when Numeric
      HexNum.new(@i + o.to_i)
    else
      a, b = o.coerce(self)
      a + b
    end
  end

  def -(o)
    case o
    when Integer
      HexNum.new(@i - o)
    when Numeric
      HexNum.new(@i - o.to_i)
    else
      a, b = o.coerce(self)
      a - b
    end
  end

  def *(o)
    case o
    when HexNum
      HexNum.new(@i * o.to_i)
    when Numeric
      HexNum.new(@i * o)
    else
      a, b = o.coerce(self)
      a * b
    end
  end

  def /(o)
    case o
    when HexNum
      HexNum.new(@i / o.to_i)
    when Numeric
      HexNum.new(@i / o)
    else
      a, b = o.coerce(self)
      a / b
    end
  end

  # asymmetric binary operators

  def **(o)
    case o
    when HexNum
      HexNum.new(@i ** o.to_i)
    when Numeric
      HexNum.new(@i ** o)
    else
      a, b = o.coerce(self)
      a ** b
    end
  end

  def <<(o)
    HexNum.new(@i << o.to_int)
  end

  def >>(o)
    HexNum.new(@i >> o.to_int)
  end

  # bit operators

  def &(o)
    HexNum.new(@i & o.to_int)
  end

  def |(o)
    HexNum.new(@i | o.to_int)
  end

  # freeze

  def freeze
    to_s
    super
  end

  private

  # Parse a string with valid format (0x1234).
  def parse_string(str)
    if %r{\A[-+]?(?:0x)?[a-h0-9]+\z}i =~ str
      str.to_i(16)
    else
      raise ArgumentError, 'Cannot parse %p' % str
    end
  end
end

# more conversions

def HexNum(i)
  HexNum.new(Integer(i))
end

class Object
  def to_hex
    HexNum.new(to_i)
  end
end

# ===== Test Code ===================================================

h1 = HexNum.new 83
h2 = 83.to_hex

printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1 = HexNum.new 83', h1
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1.to_i', h1.to_i
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h2 = 83.to_hex', h2
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h2.to_int', h2.to_int
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1 == h2', h1 == h2
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h2.eql? h1', h2.eql?(h1)
# printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1.odd?', h1.odd?
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1 <=> h2', h1 <=> h2

h3 = h1 + 17
h4 = 17 + h2

printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h3 = h1 + 17', h3
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h4 = 17 + h1', h4
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1 < h3', h1 < h3
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h2 >= h4', h2 >= h4

h5 = -h1

printf "%-30s %p\n", 'negated', h5
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'neg sum', h5 + h2

printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h1 / 1.2', h1 / 1.2
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'h3 / h1', h3 / h1

ha = (1..10).map { HexNum(rand(100)) }
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'random array', ha.map {|h| h.to_s}
printf "%-30s %p\n", 'sorted', ha.sort.map {|h| h.to_s}

[80, 83, 84, 80.1, 83.0, 84.3, 1 << 40, -(1 << 40)].each do |n|
  printf "%20s %-10p h1<=>n %2d  n<=>h1 %2d\n", n, n.class, h1 <=> n, n <=> h1
end