http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28573479 sample code

Classes.h

#ifndef __BaseClass__
#define __BaseClass__
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class BaseClass
{
    public:
        BaseClass(){};
        virtual ~BaseClass(){};
        virtual void SetName(string name){printf("in base set name\n");}
        virtual float Evaluate(float time){printf("in base Evaluate\n");return 0;}
        virtual bool DataExists(){printf("in base data exists\n");return false;}
};
#endif /* defined(__BaseClass__) */
#ifndef __DerivedClass__
#define __DerivedClass__

#include "BaseClass.h"

class DerivedClass:public BaseClass
{
    public:
        DerivedClass(){};
        virtual ~DerivedClass(){};
        virtual float Evaluate(float time){printf("in derived Evaluate\n");return 1;}
        virtual bool DataExists(){printf("in derived data exists\n");return true;}
        virtual void MyFunction(){printf("in my function\n");}
        virtual void SetObject(BaseClass *input){printf("in set object\n");}
};
#endif /* defined(__DerivedClass__) */

#ifndef __NextDerivedClass__
#define __NextDerivedClass__

#include "DerivedClass.h"

class NextDerivedClass:public DerivedClass
{
    public:
        NextDerivedClass(){};
        virtual ~NextDerivedClass(){};
        virtual void SetObject(BaseClass *input){printf("in set object of next derived class\n");}
};
#endif /* defined(__NextDerivedClass__) */

inheritTest.pyx

# distutils: language=c++

from libcpp cimport bool

cdef extern from "Classes.h":
    cdef cppclass BaseClass:
        BaseClass() except +
        void SetName(string)
        float Evaluate(float)
        bool DataExists()

cdef extern from "Classes.h":
    cdef cppclass DerivedClass(BaseClass):
        DerivedClass() except +
        void MyFunction()
        float Evaluate(float)
#        bool DataExists()
        void SetObject(BaseClass *)

cdef extern from "Classes.h":
    cdef cppclass NextDerivedClass(DerivedClass):
        NextDerivedClass() except +
        # ***  The issue is right here ***
#        void SetObject(BaseClass *)

cdef class PyBaseClass:
    cdef BaseClass *thisptr
    def __cinit__(self):
        if type(self) is PyBaseClass:
            self.thisptr = new BaseClass()
    def __dealloc__(self):
        if type(self) is PyBaseClass:
            del self.thisptr

cdef class PyDerivedClass(PyBaseClass):
    cdef DerivedClass *derivedptr
    def __cinit__(self):
        self.derivedptr = self.thisptr = new DerivedClass()
    # def Evaluate(self, time):
    #     return self.derivedptr.Evaluate(time)
    def SetObject(self, PyBaseClass inputObject):
         self.derivedptr.SetObject(inputObject.thisptr)

cdef class PyNextDerivedClass(PyDerivedClass):
    cdef NextDerivedClass *nextDerivedptr
    def __cinit__(self):
        self.nextDerivedptr = self.derivedptr = self.thisptr = new NextDerivedClass()
    def SetObject(self, PyBaseClass input):
        self.nextDerivedptr.SetObject(input.thisptr)

main.py

# Run as:
#    python setup.py build_ext --inplace

from distutils.core import setup
from Cython.Build import cythonize

setup(
  ext_modules = cythonize("*.pyx"),
)




from inheritTest import PyBaseClass as base
from inheritTest import PyDerivedClass as der
from inheritTest import PyNextDerivedClass as nextDer

#This works now!
a = der()
b = der()
a.SetObject(b)

#This doesn't work -- keeping the function declaration causes a overloaded error, not keeping it means the call below works, but it calls the inherited implementation (From derived class)
c = nextDer()
c.SetObject(b)