Usando profiles no maven

pom.xml

<!-- dependências comuns aqui -->
....

<profile>
  <id>prod</id>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
      <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</profile>

<profile>
  <id>dev</id>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>			
  </dependencies>
</profile>