a

1min.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders_5min (id, created, value) SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE id, created, value FROM orders;'
mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'TRUNCATE TABLE orders;'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders_5min;'

5min.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders_60min (id, created, value) SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE id, created, value FROM orders_5min;'
mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'TRUNCATE orders_5min;'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders_60min;'

benchmark.sh

#!/bin/bash
# REQUIRES SUDO
# Benchmark runner

repeats=20
output_file='benchmark_results.csv'
command_to_run='echo 1'

run_tests() {
    # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Benchmark loop
    # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    echo 'Benchmarking ' $command_to_run '...';
    # Indicate the command we just run in the csv file
    echo '======' $command_to_run '======' >> $output_file;

    # Run the given command [repeats] times
    for (( i = 1; i <= $repeats ; i++ ))
    do
        # percentage completion
        p=$(( $i * 100 / $repeats))
        # indicator of progress
        l=$(seq -s "+" $i | sed 's/[0-9]//g')

        # runs time function for the called script, output in a comma seperated
        # format output file specified with -o command and -a specifies append
        /usr/bin/time -f "%E,%U,%S" -o ${output_file} -a ${command_to_run} > /dev/null 2>&1

        # Clear the HDD cache (I hope?)
        sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

        echo -ne ${l}' ('${p}'%) \r'
    done;

    echo -ne '\n'

    # Convenience seperator for file
    echo '--------------------------' >> $output_file
}

# Option parsing
while getopts n:c:o: OPT
do
    case "$OPT" in
        n)
            repeats=$OPTARG
            ;;
        o)
            output_file=$OPTARG
            ;;
        c)
            command_to_run=$OPTARG
            run_tests
            ;;
        \?)
            echo 'No arguments supplied'
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac
done

shift `expr $OPTIND - 1`

common.php

<?php

function db() {
    return new PDO('mysql:dbname=benchmark', 'root', 'root', array(PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => false));
}

if (isset($_SERVER['DEBUG'])) {
    function debug() {
        echo implode('', func_get_args());
    }
} else {
    function debug() {}
}

/**
 * SELECT FLOOR(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(created) / 300) * 300 AS x, SUM(value) FROM orders WHERE created BETWEEN '2012-12-12 00:00:00' AND '2013-03-12 23:59:59' GROUP BY x;
 */
function select_range($db, $start, $end)
{
    $total = select_range_interval($db, $start, $end, '');
    $total += select_range_interval($db, $start, $end, '_5min');
    $total += select_range_interval($db, $start, $end, '_60min');

    debug($start, '...', $end, ' = ', $total, "\n");
}

function select_range_interval($db, $start, $end, $interval = '')
{
    $select = $db->prepare("
        SELECT FLOOR(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(created) / 300) * 300 AS x, SUM(value)
        FROM orders${interval}
        WHERE created BETWEEN :start AND :end
        GROUP BY x;
    ");

    $select->execute(array(
        'start' => $start,
        'end' => $end
    ));

    return count($select->fetchAll());
}

fill.php

<?php

$db = new PDO('mysql:dbname=benchmark', 'root', 'root', array(PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => false));
$max = 30000000;

for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
    $created = new DateTime('-' . ($max - $i) . ' seconds');
    $insert = $db->prepare('
        INSERT INTO orders
        (created, value) VALUE
        (:created, :value)
    ');

    $insert->execute(array(
        'created' => $created->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
        'value' => 1
    ));
}

insert.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders (created, value) VALUES (NOW(), 5 + (RAND() * 15));'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders (created, value) VALUES (NOW(), 5 + (RAND() * 15));'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders (created, value) VALUES (NOW(), 5 + (RAND() * 15));'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders (created, value) VALUES (NOW(), 5 + (RAND() * 15));'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders (created, value) VALUES (NOW(), 5 + (RAND() * 15));'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders (created, value) VALUES (NOW(), 5 + (RAND() * 15));'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders (created, value) VALUES (NOW(), 5 + (RAND() * 15));'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders (created, value) VALUES (NOW(), 5 + (RAND() * 15));'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders (created, value) VALUES (NOW(), 5 + (RAND() * 15));'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'INSERT INTO orders (created, value) VALUES (NOW(), 5 + (RAND() * 15));'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders;'
# mysql -uroot -proot benchmark -e 'SELECT \
#     (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders) + \
#     (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders_5min) + \
#     (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders_60min) as total;'

monitor.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Qcache'
mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Com_select '
mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Com_insert '
mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Com_delete '
mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Com_update '
mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Com_replace '

Qcache_hits=$(mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Qcache_hits ' | awk '{ print $4 }')
Qcache_inserts=$(mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Qcache_inserts ' | awk '{ print $4 }')
Com_select=$(mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Com_select ' | awk '{ print $4 }')
Com_insert=$(mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Com_insert ' | awk '{ print $4 }')
Com_delete=$(mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Com_delete ' | awk '{ print $4 }')
Com_update=$(mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Com_update ' | awk '{ print $4 }')
Com_replace=$(mysqladmin extended-status | grep 'Com_replace ' | awk '{ print $4 }')

echo
echo 'Query Cache Efficiency'
echo '----------------------'
echo 'Qcache_hits / (Com_select + Qcache_hits) = ' $(echo "($Qcache_hits / ($Com_select + $Qcache_hits)) * 100" | bc -l)
echo 'Qcache_hits / Qcache_inserts = ' $(echo "($Qcache_hits / $Qcache_inserts) * 100" | bc -l 2>/dev/null)
echo '(Com_insert + Com_delete + Com_update + Com_replace) / Qcache_hits = ' $(echo "(($Com_insert + $Com_delete + $Com_update + $Com_replace) / $Qcache_hits) * 100" | bc -l)

multiquery.php

<?php

include "common.php";

function select_partition($db, $start, $end)
{
    $start = new DateTime($start);
    $end = new DateTime($end);

    debug($start->format('Y-m'), '...', $end->format('Y-m'), "\n");

    $current = new DateTime($start->format('Y-m-01 00:00:00'));

    while (true) {
        $last = new DateTime($current->format('Y-m-01 23:59:59'));
        $last->modify('next month')->modify('previous day');

        select_range($db, $current->format('Y-m-d 00:00:00'), $last->format('Y-m-d 23:59:59'));

        $current->modify('next month');

        if ($current->format('Ym') > $end->format('Ym')) {
            break;
        }
    }
    debug("\n");
}

# select_partition(db(), '2012-09-01 00:00:00', '2012-11-30 23:59:59');
# select_partition(db(), '2013-01-01 00:00:00', '2013-03-31 23:59:59');
# select_partition(db(), '2012-10-01 00:00:00', '2013-01-31 23:59:59');

select_partition(db(), date('Y-m-d H:i:s', strtotime('-3 months')), date('Y-m-d H:i:s', strtotime('now')));
# select_partition(db(), date('Y-m-d H:i:s', strtotime('-' . rand(1, 30000) . ' hours')), date('Y-m-d H:i:s', strtotime('-' . rand(1, 30000) . ' hours')));
# select_partition(db(), date('Y-m-d H:i:s', strtotime('-' . rand(1, 30000) . ' hours')), date('Y-m-d H:i:s', strtotime('-' . rand(1, 30000) . ' hours')));

multiquery_day.php

<?php

include "common.php";

function select_partition($db, $start, $end)
{
    $start = new DateTime($start);
    $end = new DateTime($end);

    debug($start->format('Y-m-d'), '...', $end->format('Y-m-d'), "\n");

    $current = new DateTime($start->format('Y-m-01 00:00:00'));

    while (true) {
        $last = new DateTime($current->format('Y-m-d 23:59:59'));

        select_range($db, $current->format('Y-m-d 00:00:00'), $last->format('Y-m-d 23:59:59'));

        $current->modify('next day');

        if ($current->format('Ymd') > $end->format('Ymd')) {
            break;
        }
    }
    debug("\n");
}

select_partition(db(), '2012-09-01 00:00:00', '2012-11-30 23:59:59');
select_partition(db(), '2013-01-01 00:00:00', '2013-03-31 23:59:59');
select_partition(db(), '2012-10-01 00:00:00', '2013-01-31 23:59:59');

mysqltuner.cnf

[mysqld]
default-storage-engine = myisam
ignore-builtin-innodb

log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time = 1
key_buffer_size = 3G
query_cache_limit = 2M

mysqltuner.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# mysqltuner.pl - Version 1.2.0
# High Performance MySQL Tuning Script
# Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Major Hayden - major@mhtx.net
#
# For the latest updates, please visit http://mysqltuner.com/
# Git repository available at http://github.com/rackerhacker/MySQLTuner-perl
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
# This project would not be possible without help from:
#   Matthew Montgomery     Paul Kehrer          Dave Burgess
#   Jonathan Hinds         Mike Jackson         Nils Breunese
#   Shawn Ashlee           Luuk Vosslamber      Ville Skytta
#   Trent Hornibrook       Jason Gill           Mark Imbriaco
#   Greg Eden              Aubin Galinotti      Giovanni Bechis
#   Bill Bradford          Ryan Novosielski     Michael Scheidell
#   Blair Christensen      Hans du Plooy        Victor Trac
#   Everett Barnes         Tom Krouper          Gary Barrueto
#   Simon Greenaway        Adam Stein           Isart Montane
#   Baptiste M.
#
# Inspired by Matthew Montgomery's tuning-primer.sh script:
# http://forge.mysql.com/projects/view.php?id=44
#
use strict;
use warnings;
use diagnostics;
use File::Spec;
use Getopt::Long;

# Set up a few variables for use in the script
my $tunerversion = "1.2.0";
my (@adjvars, @generalrec);

# Set defaults
my %opt = (
		"nobad" 		=> 0,
		"nogood" 		=> 0,
		"noinfo" 		=> 0,
		"nocolor" 		=> 0,
		"forcemem" 		=> 0,
		"forceswap" 	=> 0,
		"host" 			=> 0,
		"socket" 		=> 0,
		"port" 			=> 0,
		"user" 			=> 0,
		"pass"			=> 0,
		"skipsize" 		=> 0,
		"checkversion" 	=> 0,
	);

# Gather the options from the command line
GetOptions(\%opt,
		'nobad',
		'nogood',
		'noinfo',
		'nocolor',
		'forcemem=i',
		'forceswap=i',
		'host=s',
		'socket=s',
		'port=i',
		'user=s',
		'pass=s',
		'skipsize',
		'checkversion',
		'help',
	);

if (defined $opt{'help'} && $opt{'help'} == 1) { usage(); }

sub usage {
	# Shown with --help option passed
	print "\n".
		"   MySQLTuner $tunerversion - MySQL High Performance Tuning Script\n".
		"   Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/\n".
		"   Maintained by Major Hayden (major\@mhtx.net) - Licensed under GPL\n".
		"\n".
		"   Important Usage Guidelines:\n".
		"      To run the script with the default options, run the script without arguments\n".
		"      Allow MySQL server to run for at least 24-48 hours before trusting suggestions\n".
		"      Some routines may require root level privileges (script will provide warnings)\n".
		"      You must provide the remote server's total memory when connecting to other servers\n".
		"\n".
		"   Connection and Authentication\n".
		"      --host <hostname>    Connect to a remote host to perform tests (default: localhost)\n".
		"      --socket <socket>    Use a different socket for a local connection\n".
		"      --port <port>        Port to use for connection (default: 3306)\n".
		"      --user <username>    Username to use for authentication\n".
		"      --pass <password>    Password to use for authentication\n".
		"\n".
		"   Performance and Reporting Options\n".
		"      --skipsize           Don't enumerate tables and their types/sizes (default: on)\n".
		"                             (Recommended for servers with many tables)\n".
		"      --checkversion       Check for updates to MySQLTuner (default: don't check)\n".
		"      --forcemem <size>    Amount of RAM installed in megabytes\n".
		"      --forceswap <size>   Amount of swap memory configured in megabytes\n".
		"\n".
		"   Output Options:\n".
		"      --nogood             Remove OK responses\n".
		"      --nobad              Remove negative/suggestion responses\n".
		"      --noinfo             Remove informational responses\n".
		"      --nocolor            Don't print output in color\n".
		"\n";
	exit;
}

my $devnull = File::Spec->devnull();

# Setting up the colors for the print styles
my $good = ($opt{nocolor} == 0)? "[\e[0;32mOK\e[0m]" : "[OK]" ;
my $bad = ($opt{nocolor} == 0)? "[\e[0;31m!!\e[0m]" : "[!!]" ;
my $info = ($opt{nocolor} == 0)? "[\e[0;34m--\e[0m]" : "[--]" ;

# Functions that handle the print styles
sub goodprint { print $good." ".$_[0] unless ($opt{nogood} == 1); }
sub infoprint { print $info." ".$_[0] unless ($opt{noinfo} == 1); }
sub badprint { print $bad." ".$_[0] unless ($opt{nobad} == 1); }
sub redwrap { return ($opt{nocolor} == 0)? "\e[0;31m".$_[0]."\e[0m" : $_[0] ; }
sub greenwrap { return ($opt{nocolor} == 0)? "\e[0;32m".$_[0]."\e[0m" : $_[0] ; }

# Calculates the parameter passed in bytes, and then rounds it to one decimal place
sub hr_bytes {
	my $num = shift;
	if ($num >= (1024**3)) { #GB
		return sprintf("%.1f",($num/(1024**3)))."G";
	} elsif ($num >= (1024**2)) { #MB
		return sprintf("%.1f",($num/(1024**2)))."M";
	} elsif ($num >= 1024) { #KB
		return sprintf("%.1f",($num/1024))."K";
	} else {
		return $num."B";
	}
}

# Calculates the parameter passed in bytes, and then rounds it to the nearest integer
sub hr_bytes_rnd {
	my $num = shift;
	if ($num >= (1024**3)) { #GB
		return int(($num/(1024**3)))."G";
	} elsif ($num >= (1024**2)) { #MB
		return int(($num/(1024**2)))."M";
	} elsif ($num >= 1024) { #KB
		return int(($num/1024))."K";
	} else {
		return $num."B";
	}
}

# Calculates the parameter passed to the nearest power of 1000, then rounds it to the nearest integer
sub hr_num {
	my $num = shift;
	if ($num >= (1000**3)) { # Billions
		return int(($num/(1000**3)))."B";
	} elsif ($num >= (1000**2)) { # Millions
		return int(($num/(1000**2)))."M";
	} elsif ($num >= 1000) { # Thousands
		return int(($num/1000))."K";
	} else {
		return $num;
	}
}

# Calculates uptime to display in a more attractive form
sub pretty_uptime {
	my $uptime = shift;
	my $seconds = $uptime % 60;
	my $minutes = int(($uptime % 3600) / 60);
	my $hours = int(($uptime % 86400) / (3600));
	my $days = int($uptime / (86400));
	my $uptimestring;
	if ($days > 0) {
		$uptimestring = "${days}d ${hours}h ${minutes}m ${seconds}s";
	} elsif ($hours > 0) {
		$uptimestring = "${hours}h ${minutes}m ${seconds}s";
	} elsif ($minutes > 0) {
		$uptimestring = "${minutes}m ${seconds}s";
	} else {
		$uptimestring = "${seconds}s";
	}
	return $uptimestring;
}

# Retrieves the memory installed on this machine
my ($physical_memory,$swap_memory,$duflags);
sub os_setup {
	sub memerror {
		badprint "Unable to determine total memory/swap; use '--forcemem' and '--forceswap'\n";
		exit;
	}
	my $os = `uname`;
	$duflags = ($os =~ /Linux/) ? '-b' : '';
	if ($opt{'forcemem'} > 0) {
		$physical_memory = $opt{'forcemem'} * 1048576;
		infoprint "Assuming $opt{'forcemem'} MB of physical memory\n";
		if ($opt{'forceswap'} > 0) {
			$swap_memory = $opt{'forceswap'} * 1048576;
			infoprint "Assuming $opt{'forceswap'} MB of swap space\n";
		} else {
			$swap_memory = 0;
			badprint "Assuming 0 MB of swap space (use --forceswap to specify)\n";
		}
	} else {
		if ($os =~ /Linux/) {
			$physical_memory = `free -b | grep Mem | awk '{print \$2}'` or memerror;
			$swap_memory = `free -b | grep Swap | awk '{print \$2}'` or memerror;
		} elsif ($os =~ /Darwin/) {
			$physical_memory = `sysctl -n hw.memsize` or memerror;
			$swap_memory = `sysctl -n vm.swapusage | awk '{print \$3}' | sed 's/\..*\$//'` or memerror;
		} elsif ($os =~ /NetBSD|OpenBSD/) {
			$physical_memory = `sysctl -n hw.physmem` or memerror;
			if ($physical_memory < 0) {
				$physical_memory = `sysctl -n hw.physmem64` or memerror;
			}
			$swap_memory = `swapctl -l | grep '^/' | awk '{ s+= \$2 } END { print s }'` or memerror;
		} elsif ($os =~ /BSD/) {
			$physical_memory = `sysctl -n hw.realmem`;
			$swap_memory = `swapinfo | grep '^/' | awk '{ s+= \$2 } END { print s }'`;
		} elsif ($os =~ /SunOS/) {
			$physical_memory = `/usr/sbin/prtconf | grep Memory | cut -f 3 -d ' '` or memerror;
			chomp($physical_memory);
			$physical_memory = $physical_memory*1024*1024;
		} elsif ($os =~ /AIX/) {
			$physical_memory = `lsattr -El sys0 | grep realmem | awk '{print \$2}'` or memerror;
			chomp($physical_memory);
			$physical_memory = $physical_memory*1024;
			$swap_memory = `lsps -as | awk -F"(MB| +)" '/MB /{print \$2}'` or memerror;
			chomp($swap_memory);
			$swap_memory = $swap_memory*1024*1024;
		}
	}
	chomp($physical_memory);
}

# Checks to see if a MySQL login is possible
my ($mysqllogin,$doremote,$remotestring);
sub mysql_setup {
	$doremote = 0;
	$remotestring = '';
	my $command = `which mysqladmin`;
	chomp($command);
	if (! -e $command) {
		badprint "Unable to find mysqladmin in your \$PATH.  Is MySQL installed?\n";
		exit;
	}
	# Are we being asked to connect via a socket?
	if ($opt{socket} ne 0) {
		$remotestring = " -S $opt{socket}";
	}
	# Are we being asked to connect to a remote server?
	if ($opt{host} ne 0) {
		chomp($opt{host});
		$opt{port} = ($opt{port} eq 0)? 3306 : $opt{port} ;
		# If we're doing a remote connection, but forcemem wasn't specified, we need to exit
		if ($opt{'forcemem'} eq 0) {
			badprint "The --forcemem option is required for remote connections\n";
			exit;
		}
		infoprint "Performing tests on $opt{host}:$opt{port}\n";
		$remotestring = " -h $opt{host} -P $opt{port}";
		$doremote = 1;
	}
	# Did we already get a username and password passed on the command line?
	if ($opt{user} ne 0 and $opt{pass} ne 0) {
		$mysqllogin = "-u $opt{user} -p'$opt{pass}'".$remotestring;
		my $loginstatus = `mysqladmin ping $mysqllogin 2>&1`;
		if ($loginstatus =~ /mysqld is alive/) {
			goodprint "Logged in using credentials passed on the command line\n";
			return 1;
		} else {
			badprint "Attempted to use login credentials, but they were invalid\n";
			exit 0;
		}
	}
	if ( -r "/etc/psa/.psa.shadow" and $doremote == 0 ) {
		# It's a Plesk box, use the available credentials
		$mysqllogin = "-u admin -p`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow`";
		my $loginstatus = `mysqladmin ping $mysqllogin 2>&1`;
		unless ($loginstatus =~ /mysqld is alive/) {
			badprint "Attempted to use login credentials from Plesk, but they failed.\n";
			exit 0;
		}
	} elsif ( -r "/etc/mysql/debian.cnf" and $doremote == 0 ){
		# We have a debian maintenance account, use it
		$mysqllogin = "--defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf";
		my $loginstatus = `mysqladmin $mysqllogin ping 2>&1`;
		if ($loginstatus =~ /mysqld is alive/) {
			goodprint "Logged in using credentials from debian maintenance account.\n";
			return 1;
		} else {
			badprint "Attempted to use login credentials from debian maintenance account, but they failed.\n";
			exit 0;
		}
	} else {
		# It's not Plesk or debian, we should try a login
		my $loginstatus = `mysqladmin $remotestring ping 2>&1`;
		if ($loginstatus =~ /mysqld is alive/) {
			# Login went just fine
			$mysqllogin = " $remotestring ";
			# Did this go well because of a .my.cnf file or is there no password set?
			my $userpath = `printenv HOME`;
			if (length($userpath) > 0) {
				chomp($userpath);
			}
			unless ( -e "${userpath}/.my.cnf" ) {
				badprint "Successfully authenticated with no password - SECURITY RISK!\n";
			}
			return 1;
		} else {
			print STDERR "Please enter your MySQL administrative login: ";
			my $name = <>;
			print STDERR "Please enter your MySQL administrative password: ";
			system("stty -echo >$devnull 2>&1");
			my $password = <>;
			system("stty echo >$devnull 2>&1");
			chomp($password);
			chomp($name);
			$mysqllogin = "-u $name";
			if (length($password) > 0) {
				$mysqllogin .= " -p'$password'";
			}
			$mysqllogin .= $remotestring;
			my $loginstatus = `mysqladmin ping $mysqllogin 2>&1`;
			if ($loginstatus =~ /mysqld is alive/) {
				print STDERR "\n";
				if (! length($password)) {
					# Did this go well because of a .my.cnf file or is there no password set?
					my $userpath = `ls -d ~`;
					chomp($userpath);
					unless ( -e "$userpath/.my.cnf" ) {
						badprint "Successfully authenticated with no password - SECURITY RISK!\n";
					}
				}
				return 1;
			} else {
				print "\n".$bad." Attempted to use login credentials, but they were invalid.\n";
				exit 0;
			}
			exit 0;
		}
	}
}

# Populates all of the variable and status hashes
my (%mystat,%myvar,$dummyselect);
sub get_all_vars {
	# We need to initiate at least one query so that our data is useable
	$dummyselect = `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "SELECT VERSION();"`;
	my @mysqlvarlist = `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "SHOW /*!50000 GLOBAL */ VARIABLES;"`;
	foreach my $line (@mysqlvarlist) {
		$line =~ /([a-zA-Z_]*)\s*(.*)/;
		$myvar{$1} = $2;
	}
	my @mysqlstatlist = `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "SHOW /*!50000 GLOBAL */ STATUS;"`;
	foreach my $line (@mysqlstatlist) {
		$line =~ /([a-zA-Z_]*)\s*(.*)/;
		$mystat{$1} = $2;
	}
	# Workaround for MySQL bug #59393 wrt. ignore-builtin-innodb
	if (($myvar{'ignore_builtin_innodb'} || "") eq "ON") {
		$myvar{'have_innodb'} = "NO";
	}
	# have_* for engines is deprecated and will be removed in MySQL 5.6;
	# check SHOW ENGINES and set corresponding old style variables.
	# Also works around MySQL bug #59393 wrt. skip-innodb
	my @mysqlenginelist = `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "SHOW ENGINES;" 2>$devnull`;
	foreach my $line (@mysqlenginelist) {
		if ($line =~ /^([a-zA-Z_]+)\s+(\S+)/) {
			my $engine = lc($1);
			if ($engine eq "federated" || $engine eq "blackhole") {
				$engine .= "_engine";
			} elsif ($engine eq "berkeleydb") {
				$engine = "bdb";
			}
			my $val = ($2 eq "DEFAULT") ? "YES" : $2;
			$myvar{"have_$engine"} = $val;
		}
	}
}

sub security_recommendations {
	print "\n-------- Security Recommendations  -------------------------------------------\n";
	my @mysqlstatlist = `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "SELECT CONCAT(user, '\@', host) FROM mysql.user WHERE password = '' OR password IS NULL;"`;
	if (@mysqlstatlist) {
		foreach my $line (sort @mysqlstatlist) {
			chomp($line);
			badprint "User '".$line."' has no password set.\n";
		}
	} else {
		goodprint "All database users have passwords assigned\n";
	}
}

sub get_replication_status {
	my $slave_status = `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "show slave status\\G"`;
	my ($io_running) = ($slave_status =~ /slave_io_running\S*\s+(\S+)/i);
	my ($sql_running) = ($slave_status =~ /slave_sql_running\S*\s+(\S+)/i);
	if ($io_running eq 'Yes' && $sql_running eq 'Yes') {
		if ($myvar{'read_only'} eq 'OFF') {
			badprint "This replication slave is running with the read_only option disabled.";
		} else {
			goodprint "This replication slave is running with the read_only option enabled.";
		}
	}
}

# Checks for updates to MySQLTuner
sub validate_tuner_version {
	print "\n-------- General Statistics --------------------------------------------------\n";
	if ($opt{checkversion} eq 0) {
		infoprint "Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script\n";
		return;
	}
	my $update;
	my $url = "http://mysqltuner.com/versioncheck.php?v=$tunerversion";
	if (-e "/usr/bin/curl") {
		$update = `/usr/bin/curl --connect-timeout 5 '$url' 2>$devnull`;
		chomp($update);
	} elsif (-e "/usr/bin/wget") {
		$update = `/usr/bin/wget -e timestamping=off -T 5 -O - '$url' 2>$devnull`;
		chomp($update);
	}
	if ($update eq 1) {
		badprint "There is a new version of MySQLTuner available\n";
	} elsif ($update eq 0) {
		goodprint "You have the latest version of MySQLTuner\n";
	} else {
		infoprint "Unable to check for the latest MySQLTuner version\n";
	}
}

# Checks for supported or EOL'ed MySQL versions
my ($mysqlvermajor,$mysqlverminor);
sub validate_mysql_version {
	($mysqlvermajor,$mysqlverminor) = $myvar{'version'} =~ /(\d)\.(\d)/;
	if (!mysql_version_ge(5)) {
		badprint "Your MySQL version ".$myvar{'version'}." is EOL software!  Upgrade soon!\n";
	} elsif (mysql_version_ge(6)) {
		badprint "Currently running unsupported MySQL version ".$myvar{'version'}."\n";
	} else {
		goodprint "Currently running supported MySQL version ".$myvar{'version'}."\n";
	}
}

# Checks if MySQL version is greater than equal to (major, minor)
sub mysql_version_ge {
	my ($maj, $min) = @_;
	return $mysqlvermajor > $maj || ($mysqlvermajor == $maj && $mysqlverminor >= ($min || 0));
}

# Checks for 32-bit boxes with more than 2GB of RAM
my ($arch);
sub check_architecture {
	if ($doremote eq 1) { return; }
	if (`uname` =~ /SunOS/ && `isainfo -b` =~ /64/) {
		$arch = 64;
		goodprint "Operating on 64-bit architecture\n";
	} elsif (`uname` !~ /SunOS/ && `uname -m` =~ /64/) {
		$arch = 64;
		goodprint "Operating on 64-bit architecture\n";
	} elsif (`uname` =~ /AIX/ && `bootinfo -K` =~ /64/) {
		$arch = 64;
		goodprint "Operating on 64-bit architecture\n";
	} else {
		$arch = 32;
		if ($physical_memory > 2147483648) {
			badprint "Switch to 64-bit OS - MySQL cannot currently use all of your RAM\n";
		} else {
			goodprint "Operating on 32-bit architecture with less than 2GB RAM\n";
		}
	}
}

# Start up a ton of storage engine counts/statistics
my (%enginestats,%enginecount,$fragtables);
sub check_storage_engines {
	if ($opt{skipsize} eq 1) {
		print "\n-------- Storage Engine Statistics -------------------------------------------\n";
		infoprint "Skipped due to --skipsize option\n";
		return;
	}
	print "\n-------- Storage Engine Statistics -------------------------------------------\n";
	infoprint "Status: ";
	my $engines;
	$engines .= (defined $myvar{'have_archive'} && $myvar{'have_archive'} eq "YES")? greenwrap "+Archive " : redwrap "-Archive " ;
	$engines .= (defined $myvar{'have_bdb'} && $myvar{'have_bdb'} eq "YES")? greenwrap "+BDB " : redwrap "-BDB " ;
	$engines .= (defined $myvar{'have_federated_engine'} && $myvar{'have_federated_engine'} eq "YES")? greenwrap "+Federated " : redwrap "-Federated " ;
	$engines .= (defined $myvar{'have_innodb'} && $myvar{'have_innodb'} eq "YES")? greenwrap "+InnoDB " : redwrap "-InnoDB " ;
	$engines .= (defined $myvar{'have_isam'} && $myvar{'have_isam'} eq "YES")? greenwrap "+ISAM " : redwrap "-ISAM " ;
	$engines .= (defined $myvar{'have_ndbcluster'} && $myvar{'have_ndbcluster'} eq "YES")? greenwrap "+NDBCluster " : redwrap "-NDBCluster " ;
	print "$engines\n";
	if (mysql_version_ge(5)) {
		# MySQL 5 servers can have table sizes calculated quickly from information schema
		my @templist = `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "SELECT ENGINE,SUM(DATA_LENGTH),COUNT(ENGINE) FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ('information_schema','mysql') AND ENGINE IS NOT NULL GROUP BY ENGINE ORDER BY ENGINE ASC;"`;
		foreach my $line (@templist) {
			my ($engine,$size,$count);
			($engine,$size,$count) = $line =~ /([a-zA-Z_]*)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)/;
			if (!defined($size)) { next; }
			$enginestats{$engine} = $size;
			$enginecount{$engine} = $count;
		}
		$fragtables = `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "SELECT COUNT(TABLE_NAME) FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ('information_schema','mysql') AND Data_free > 0 AND NOT ENGINE='MEMORY';"`;
		chomp($fragtables);
	} else {
		# MySQL < 5 servers take a lot of work to get table sizes
		my @tblist;
		# Now we build a database list, and loop through it to get storage engine stats for tables
		my @dblist = `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "SHOW DATABASES"`;
		foreach my $db (@dblist) {
			chomp($db);
			if ($db eq "information_schema") { next; }
			my @ixs = (1, 6, 9);
			if (!mysql_version_ge(4, 1)) {
				# MySQL 3.23/4.0 keeps Data_Length in the 5th (0-based) column
				@ixs = (1, 5, 8);
			}
			push(@tblist, map { [ (split)[@ixs] ] } `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "SHOW TABLE STATUS FROM \\\`$db\\\`"`);
		}
		# Parse through the table list to generate storage engine counts/statistics
		$fragtables = 0;
		foreach my $tbl (@tblist) {
			my ($engine, $size, $datafree) = @$tbl;
			if (defined $enginestats{$engine}) {
				$enginestats{$engine} += $size;
				$enginecount{$engine} += 1;
			} else {
				$enginestats{$engine} = $size;
				$enginecount{$engine} = 1;
			}
			if ($datafree > 0) {
				$fragtables++;
			}
		}
	}
	while (my ($engine,$size) = each(%enginestats)) {
		infoprint "Data in $engine tables: ".hr_bytes_rnd($size)." (Tables: ".$enginecount{$engine}.")"."\n";
	}
	# If the storage engine isn't being used, recommend it to be disabled
	if (!defined $enginestats{'InnoDB'} && defined $myvar{'have_innodb'} && $myvar{'have_innodb'} eq "YES") {
		badprint "InnoDB is enabled but isn't being used\n";
		push(@generalrec,"Add skip-innodb to MySQL configuration to disable InnoDB");
	}
	if (!defined $enginestats{'BerkeleyDB'} && defined $myvar{'have_bdb'} && $myvar{'have_bdb'} eq "YES") {
		badprint "BDB is enabled but isn't being used\n";
		push(@generalrec,"Add skip-bdb to MySQL configuration to disable BDB");
	}
	if (!defined $enginestats{'ISAM'} && defined $myvar{'have_isam'} && $myvar{'have_isam'} eq "YES") {
		badprint "ISAM is enabled but isn't being used\n";
		push(@generalrec,"Add skip-isam to MySQL configuration to disable ISAM (MySQL > 4.1.0)");
	}
	# Fragmented tables
	if ($fragtables > 0) {
		badprint "Total fragmented tables: $fragtables\n";
		push(@generalrec,"Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance");
	} else {
		goodprint "Total fragmented tables: $fragtables\n";
	}
}

my %mycalc;
sub calculations {
	if ($mystat{'Questions'} < 1) {
		badprint "Your server has not answered any queries - cannot continue...";
		exit 0;
	}
	# Per-thread memory
	if (mysql_version_ge(4)) {
		$mycalc{'per_thread_buffers'} = $myvar{'read_buffer_size'} + $myvar{'read_rnd_buffer_size'} + $myvar{'sort_buffer_size'} + $myvar{'thread_stack'} + $myvar{'join_buffer_size'};
	} else {
		$mycalc{'per_thread_buffers'} = $myvar{'record_buffer'} + $myvar{'record_rnd_buffer'} + $myvar{'sort_buffer'} + $myvar{'thread_stack'} + $myvar{'join_buffer_size'};
	}
	$mycalc{'total_per_thread_buffers'} = $mycalc{'per_thread_buffers'} * $myvar{'max_connections'};
	$mycalc{'max_total_per_thread_buffers'} = $mycalc{'per_thread_buffers'} * $mystat{'Max_used_connections'};

	# Server-wide memory
	$mycalc{'max_tmp_table_size'} = ($myvar{'tmp_table_size'} > $myvar{'max_heap_table_size'}) ? $myvar{'max_heap_table_size'} : $myvar{'tmp_table_size'} ;
	$mycalc{'server_buffers'} = $myvar{'key_buffer_size'} + $mycalc{'max_tmp_table_size'};
	$mycalc{'server_buffers'} += (defined $myvar{'innodb_buffer_pool_size'}) ? $myvar{'innodb_buffer_pool_size'} : 0 ;
	$mycalc{'server_buffers'} += (defined $myvar{'innodb_additional_mem_pool_size'}) ? $myvar{'innodb_additional_mem_pool_size'} : 0 ;
	$mycalc{'server_buffers'} += (defined $myvar{'innodb_log_buffer_size'}) ? $myvar{'innodb_log_buffer_size'} : 0 ;
	$mycalc{'server_buffers'} += (defined $myvar{'query_cache_size'}) ? $myvar{'query_cache_size'} : 0 ;

	# Global memory
	$mycalc{'max_used_memory'} = $mycalc{'server_buffers'} + $mycalc{"max_total_per_thread_buffers"};
	$mycalc{'total_possible_used_memory'} = $mycalc{'server_buffers'} + $mycalc{'total_per_thread_buffers'};
	$mycalc{'pct_physical_memory'} = int(($mycalc{'total_possible_used_memory'} * 100) / $physical_memory);

	# Slow queries
	$mycalc{'pct_slow_queries'} = int(($mystat{'Slow_queries'}/$mystat{'Questions'}) * 100);

	# Connections
	$mycalc{'pct_connections_used'} = int(($mystat{'Max_used_connections'}/$myvar{'max_connections'}) * 100);
	$mycalc{'pct_connections_used'} = ($mycalc{'pct_connections_used'} > 100) ? 100 : $mycalc{'pct_connections_used'} ;

	# Key buffers
	if (mysql_version_ge(4, 1)) {
		$mycalc{'pct_key_buffer_used'} = sprintf("%.1f",(1 - (($mystat{'Key_blocks_unused'} * $myvar{'key_cache_block_size'}) / $myvar{'key_buffer_size'})) * 100);
	}
	if ($mystat{'Key_read_requests'} > 0) {
		$mycalc{'pct_keys_from_mem'} = sprintf("%.1f",(100 - (($mystat{'Key_reads'} / $mystat{'Key_read_requests'}) * 100)));
	} else {
	    $mycalc{'pct_keys_from_mem'} = 0;
	}
	if ($doremote eq 0 and !mysql_version_ge(5)) {
		my $size = 0;
		$size += (split)[0] for `find $myvar{'datadir'} -name "*.MYI" 2>&1 | xargs du -L $duflags 2>&1`;
		$mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'} = $size;
	} elsif (mysql_version_ge(5)) {
		$mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'} = `mysql $mysqllogin -Bse "SELECT IFNULL(SUM(INDEX_LENGTH),0) FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ('information_schema') AND ENGINE = 'MyISAM';"`;
	}
	if (defined $mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'} and $mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'} == 0) {
		$mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'} = "fail";
	} elsif (defined $mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'}) {
		chomp($mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'});
	}

	# Query cache
	if (mysql_version_ge(4)) {
		$mycalc{'query_cache_efficiency'} = sprintf("%.1f",($mystat{'Qcache_hits'} / ($mystat{'Com_select'} + $mystat{'Qcache_hits'})) * 100);
		if ($myvar{'query_cache_size'}) {
			$mycalc{'pct_query_cache_used'} = sprintf("%.1f",100 - ($mystat{'Qcache_free_memory'} / $myvar{'query_cache_size'}) * 100);
		}
	if ($mystat{'Qcache_lowmem_prunes'} == 0) {
			$mycalc{'query_cache_prunes_per_day'} = 0;
		} else {
			$mycalc{'query_cache_prunes_per_day'} = int($mystat{'Qcache_lowmem_prunes'} / ($mystat{'Uptime'}/86400));
		}
	}

	# Sorting
	$mycalc{'total_sorts'} = $mystat{'Sort_scan'} + $mystat{'Sort_range'};
	if ($mycalc{'total_sorts'} > 0) {
		$mycalc{'pct_temp_sort_table'} = int(($mystat{'Sort_merge_passes'} / $mycalc{'total_sorts'}) * 100);
	}

	# Joins
	$mycalc{'joins_without_indexes'} = $mystat{'Select_range_check'} + $mystat{'Select_full_join'};
	$mycalc{'joins_without_indexes_per_day'} = int($mycalc{'joins_without_indexes'} / ($mystat{'Uptime'}/86400));

	# Temporary tables
	if ($mystat{'Created_tmp_tables'} > 0) {
		if ($mystat{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'} > 0) {
			$mycalc{'pct_temp_disk'} = int(($mystat{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'} / ($mystat{'Created_tmp_tables'} + $mystat{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'})) * 100);
		} else {
			$mycalc{'pct_temp_disk'} = 0;
		}
	}

	# Table cache
	if ($mystat{'Opened_tables'} > 0) {
		$mycalc{'table_cache_hit_rate'} = int($mystat{'Open_tables'}*100/$mystat{'Opened_tables'});
	} else {
		$mycalc{'table_cache_hit_rate'} = 100;
	}

	# Open files
	if ($myvar{'open_files_limit'} > 0) {
		$mycalc{'pct_files_open'} = int($mystat{'Open_files'}*100/$myvar{'open_files_limit'});
	}

	# Table locks
	if ($mystat{'Table_locks_immediate'} > 0) {
		if ($mystat{'Table_locks_waited'} == 0) {
			$mycalc{'pct_table_locks_immediate'} = 100;
		} else {
			$mycalc{'pct_table_locks_immediate'} = int($mystat{'Table_locks_immediate'}*100/($mystat{'Table_locks_waited'} + $mystat{'Table_locks_immediate'}));
		}
	}

	# Thread cache
	$mycalc{'thread_cache_hit_rate'} = int(100 - (($mystat{'Threads_created'} / $mystat{'Connections'}) * 100));

	# Other
	if ($mystat{'Connections'} > 0) {
		$mycalc{'pct_aborted_connections'} = int(($mystat{'Aborted_connects'}/$mystat{'Connections'}) * 100);
	}
	if ($mystat{'Questions'} > 0) {
		$mycalc{'total_reads'} = $mystat{'Com_select'};
		$mycalc{'total_writes'} = $mystat{'Com_delete'} + $mystat{'Com_insert'} + $mystat{'Com_update'} + $mystat{'Com_replace'};
		if ($mycalc{'total_reads'} == 0) {
			$mycalc{'pct_reads'} = 0;
			$mycalc{'pct_writes'} = 100;
		} else {
			$mycalc{'pct_reads'} = int(($mycalc{'total_reads'}/($mycalc{'total_reads'}+$mycalc{'total_writes'})) * 100);
			$mycalc{'pct_writes'} = 100-$mycalc{'pct_reads'};
		}
	}

	# InnoDB
	if ($myvar{'have_innodb'} eq "YES") {
		$mycalc{'innodb_log_size_pct'} = ($myvar{'innodb_log_file_size'} * 100 / $myvar{'innodb_buffer_pool_size'});
	}
}

sub mysql_stats {
	print "\n-------- Performance Metrics -------------------------------------------------\n";
	# Show uptime, queries per second, connections, traffic stats
	my $qps;
	if ($mystat{'Uptime'} > 0) { $qps = sprintf("%.3f",$mystat{'Questions'}/$mystat{'Uptime'}); }
	if ($mystat{'Uptime'} < 86400) { push(@generalrec,"MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate"); }
	infoprint "Up for: ".pretty_uptime($mystat{'Uptime'})." (".hr_num($mystat{'Questions'}).
		" q [".hr_num($qps)." qps], ".hr_num($mystat{'Connections'})." conn,".
		" TX: ".hr_num($mystat{'Bytes_sent'}).", RX: ".hr_num($mystat{'Bytes_received'}).")\n";
	infoprint "Reads / Writes: ".$mycalc{'pct_reads'}."% / ".$mycalc{'pct_writes'}."%\n";

	# Memory usage
	infoprint "Total buffers: ".hr_bytes($mycalc{'server_buffers'})." global + ".hr_bytes($mycalc{'per_thread_buffers'})." per thread ($myvar{'max_connections'} max threads)\n";
	if ($mycalc{'total_possible_used_memory'} > 2*1024*1024*1024 && $arch eq 32) {
		badprint "Allocating > 2GB RAM on 32-bit systems can cause system instability\n";
		badprint "Maximum possible memory usage: ".hr_bytes($mycalc{'total_possible_used_memory'})." ($mycalc{'pct_physical_memory'}% of installed RAM)\n";
	} elsif ($mycalc{'pct_physical_memory'} > 85) {
		badprint "Maximum possible memory usage: ".hr_bytes($mycalc{'total_possible_used_memory'})." ($mycalc{'pct_physical_memory'}% of installed RAM)\n";
		push(@generalrec,"Reduce your overall MySQL memory footprint for system stability");
	} else {
		goodprint "Maximum possible memory usage: ".hr_bytes($mycalc{'total_possible_used_memory'})." ($mycalc{'pct_physical_memory'}% of installed RAM)\n";
	}

	# Slow queries
	if ($mycalc{'pct_slow_queries'} > 5) {
		badprint "Slow queries: $mycalc{'pct_slow_queries'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Slow_queries'})."/".hr_num($mystat{'Questions'}).")\n";
	} else {
		goodprint "Slow queries: $mycalc{'pct_slow_queries'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Slow_queries'})."/".hr_num($mystat{'Questions'}).")\n";
	}
	if ($myvar{'long_query_time'} > 10) { push(@adjvars,"long_query_time (<= 10)"); }
	if (defined($myvar{'log_slow_queries'})) {
		if ($myvar{'log_slow_queries'} eq "OFF") { push(@generalrec,"Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries"); }
	}

	# Connections
	if ($mycalc{'pct_connections_used'} > 85) {
		badprint "Highest connection usage: $mycalc{'pct_connections_used'}%  ($mystat{'Max_used_connections'}/$myvar{'max_connections'})\n";
		push(@adjvars,"max_connections (> ".$myvar{'max_connections'}.")");
		push(@adjvars,"wait_timeout (< ".$myvar{'wait_timeout'}.")","interactive_timeout (< ".$myvar{'interactive_timeout'}.")");
		push(@generalrec,"Reduce or eliminate persistent connections to reduce connection usage")
	} else {
		goodprint "Highest usage of available connections: $mycalc{'pct_connections_used'}% ($mystat{'Max_used_connections'}/$myvar{'max_connections'})\n";
	}

	# Key buffer
	if (!defined($mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'}) and $doremote == 1) {
		push(@generalrec,"Unable to calculate MyISAM indexes on remote MySQL server < 5.0.0");
	} elsif ($mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'} =~ /^fail$/) {
		badprint "Cannot calculate MyISAM index size - re-run script as root user\n";
	} elsif ($mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'} == "0") {
		badprint "None of your MyISAM tables are indexed - add indexes immediately\n";
	} else {
		if ($myvar{'key_buffer_size'} < $mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'} && $mycalc{'pct_keys_from_mem'} < 95) {
			badprint "Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: ".hr_bytes($myvar{'key_buffer_size'})."/".hr_bytes($mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'})."\n";
			push(@adjvars,"key_buffer_size (> ".hr_bytes($mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'}).")");
		} else {
			goodprint "Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: ".hr_bytes($myvar{'key_buffer_size'})."/".hr_bytes($mycalc{'total_myisam_indexes'})."\n";
		}
		if ($mystat{'Key_read_requests'} > 0) {
			if ($mycalc{'pct_keys_from_mem'} < 95) {
				badprint "Key buffer hit rate: $mycalc{'pct_keys_from_mem'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Key_read_requests'})." cached / ".hr_num($mystat{'Key_reads'})." reads)\n";
			} else {
				goodprint "Key buffer hit rate: $mycalc{'pct_keys_from_mem'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Key_read_requests'})." cached / ".hr_num($mystat{'Key_reads'})." reads)\n";
			}
		} else {
			# No queries have run that would use keys
		}
	}

	# Query cache
	if (!mysql_version_ge(4)) {
		# MySQL versions < 4.01 don't support query caching
		push(@generalrec,"Upgrade MySQL to version 4+ to utilize query caching");
	} elsif ($myvar{'query_cache_size'} < 1) {
		badprint "Query cache is disabled\n";
		push(@adjvars,"query_cache_size (>= 8M)");
	} elsif ($mystat{'Com_select'} == 0) {
		badprint "Query cache cannot be analyzed - no SELECT statements executed\n";
	} else {
		if ($mycalc{'query_cache_efficiency'} < 20) {
			badprint "Query cache efficiency: $mycalc{'query_cache_efficiency'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Qcache_hits'})." cached / ".hr_num($mystat{'Qcache_hits'}+$mystat{'Com_select'})." selects)\n";
			push(@adjvars,"query_cache_limit (> ".hr_bytes_rnd($myvar{'query_cache_limit'}).", or use smaller result sets)");
		} else {
			goodprint "Query cache efficiency: $mycalc{'query_cache_efficiency'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Qcache_hits'})." cached / ".hr_num($mystat{'Qcache_hits'}+$mystat{'Com_select'})." selects)\n";
		}
		if ($mycalc{'query_cache_prunes_per_day'} > 98) {
			badprint "Query cache prunes per day: $mycalc{'query_cache_prunes_per_day'}\n";
			if ($myvar{'query_cache_size'} > 128*1024*1024) {
			    push(@generalrec,"Increasing the query_cache size over 128M may reduce performance");
		        push(@adjvars,"query_cache_size (> ".hr_bytes_rnd($myvar{'query_cache_size'}).") [see warning above]");
			} else {
		        push(@adjvars,"query_cache_size (> ".hr_bytes_rnd($myvar{'query_cache_size'}).")");
			}
		} else {
			goodprint "Query cache prunes per day: $mycalc{'query_cache_prunes_per_day'}\n";
		}
	}

	# Sorting
	if ($mycalc{'total_sorts'} == 0) {
		# For the sake of space, we will be quiet here
		# No sorts have run yet
	} elsif ($mycalc{'pct_temp_sort_table'} > 10) {
		badprint "Sorts requiring temporary tables: $mycalc{'pct_temp_sort_table'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Sort_merge_passes'})." temp sorts / ".hr_num($mycalc{'total_sorts'})." sorts)\n";
		push(@adjvars,"sort_buffer_size (> ".hr_bytes_rnd($myvar{'sort_buffer_size'}).")");
		push(@adjvars,"read_rnd_buffer_size (> ".hr_bytes_rnd($myvar{'read_rnd_buffer_size'}).")");
	} else {
		goodprint "Sorts requiring temporary tables: $mycalc{'pct_temp_sort_table'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Sort_merge_passes'})." temp sorts / ".hr_num($mycalc{'total_sorts'})." sorts)\n";
	}

	# Joins
	if ($mycalc{'joins_without_indexes_per_day'} > 250) {
		badprint "Joins performed without indexes: $mycalc{'joins_without_indexes'}\n";
		push(@adjvars,"join_buffer_size (> ".hr_bytes($myvar{'join_buffer_size'}).", or always use indexes with joins)");
		push(@generalrec,"Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes");
	} else {
		# For the sake of space, we will be quiet here
		# No joins have run without indexes
	}

	# Temporary tables
	if ($mystat{'Created_tmp_tables'} > 0) {
		if ($mycalc{'pct_temp_disk'} > 25 && $mycalc{'max_tmp_table_size'} < 256*1024*1024) {
			badprint "Temporary tables created on disk: $mycalc{'pct_temp_disk'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'})." on disk / ".hr_num($mystat{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'} + $mystat{'Created_tmp_tables'})." total)\n";
			push(@adjvars,"tmp_table_size (> ".hr_bytes_rnd($myvar{'tmp_table_size'}).")");
			push(@adjvars,"max_heap_table_size (> ".hr_bytes_rnd($myvar{'max_heap_table_size'}).")");
			push(@generalrec,"When making adjustments, make tmp_table_size/max_heap_table_size equal");
			push(@generalrec,"Reduce your SELECT DISTINCT queries without LIMIT clauses");
		} elsif ($mycalc{'pct_temp_disk'} > 25 && $mycalc{'max_tmp_table_size'} >= 256) {
			badprint "Temporary tables created on disk: $mycalc{'pct_temp_disk'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'})." on disk / ".hr_num($mystat{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'} + $mystat{'Created_tmp_tables'})." total)\n";
			push(@generalrec,"Temporary table size is already large - reduce result set size");
			push(@generalrec,"Reduce your SELECT DISTINCT queries without LIMIT clauses");
		} else {
			goodprint "Temporary tables created on disk: $mycalc{'pct_temp_disk'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'})." on disk / ".hr_num($mystat{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'} + $mystat{'Created_tmp_tables'})." total)\n";
		}
	} else {
		# For the sake of space, we will be quiet here
		# No temporary tables have been created
	}

	# Thread cache
	if ($myvar{'thread_cache_size'} eq 0) {
		badprint "Thread cache is disabled\n";
		push(@generalrec,"Set thread_cache_size to 4 as a starting value");
		push(@adjvars,"thread_cache_size (start at 4)");
	} else {
		if ($mycalc{'thread_cache_hit_rate'} <= 50) {
			badprint "Thread cache hit rate: $mycalc{'thread_cache_hit_rate'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Threads_created'})." created / ".hr_num($mystat{'Connections'})." connections)\n";
			push(@adjvars,"thread_cache_size (> $myvar{'thread_cache_size'})");
		} else {
			goodprint "Thread cache hit rate: $mycalc{'thread_cache_hit_rate'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Threads_created'})." created / ".hr_num($mystat{'Connections'})." connections)\n";
		}
	}

	# Table cache
	if ($mystat{'Open_tables'} > 0) {
		if ($mycalc{'table_cache_hit_rate'} < 20) {
			badprint "Table cache hit rate: $mycalc{'table_cache_hit_rate'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Open_tables'})." open / ".hr_num($mystat{'Opened_tables'})." opened)\n";
			if (mysql_version_ge(5, 1)) {
				push(@adjvars,"table_cache (> ".$myvar{'table_open_cache'}.")");
			} else {
				push(@adjvars,"table_cache (> ".$myvar{'table_cache'}.")");
			}
			push(@generalrec,"Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits");
		} else {
			goodprint "Table cache hit rate: $mycalc{'table_cache_hit_rate'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Open_tables'})." open / ".hr_num($mystat{'Opened_tables'})." opened)\n";
		}
	}

	# Open files
	if (defined $mycalc{'pct_files_open'}) {
		if ($mycalc{'pct_files_open'} > 85) {
			badprint "Open file limit used: $mycalc{'pct_files_open'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Open_files'})."/".hr_num($myvar{'open_files_limit'}).")\n";
			push(@adjvars,"open_files_limit (> ".$myvar{'open_files_limit'}.")");
		} else {
			goodprint "Open file limit used: $mycalc{'pct_files_open'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Open_files'})."/".hr_num($myvar{'open_files_limit'}).")\n";
		}
	}

	# Table locks
	if (defined $mycalc{'pct_table_locks_immediate'}) {
		if ($mycalc{'pct_table_locks_immediate'} < 95) {
			badprint "Table locks acquired immediately: $mycalc{'pct_table_locks_immediate'}%\n";
			push(@generalrec,"Optimize queries and/or use InnoDB to reduce lock wait");
		} else {
			goodprint "Table locks acquired immediately: $mycalc{'pct_table_locks_immediate'}% (".hr_num($mystat{'Table_locks_immediate'})." immediate / ".hr_num($mystat{'Table_locks_waited'}+$mystat{'Table_locks_immediate'})." locks)\n";
		}
	}

	# Performance options
	if (!mysql_version_ge(4, 1)) {
		push(@generalrec,"Upgrade to MySQL 4.1+ to use concurrent MyISAM inserts");
	} elsif ($myvar{'concurrent_insert'} eq "OFF") {
		push(@generalrec,"Enable concurrent_insert by setting it to 'ON'");
	} elsif ($myvar{'concurrent_insert'} eq 0) {
		push(@generalrec,"Enable concurrent_insert by setting it to 1");
	}
	if ($mycalc{'pct_aborted_connections'} > 5) {
		badprint "Connections aborted: ".$mycalc{'pct_aborted_connections'}."%\n";
		push(@generalrec,"Your applications are not closing MySQL connections properly");
	}

	# InnoDB
	if (defined $myvar{'have_innodb'} && $myvar{'have_innodb'} eq "YES" && defined $enginestats{'InnoDB'}) {
		if ($myvar{'innodb_buffer_pool_size'} > $enginestats{'InnoDB'}) {
			goodprint "InnoDB data size / buffer pool: ".hr_bytes($enginestats{'InnoDB'})."/".hr_bytes($myvar{'innodb_buffer_pool_size'})."\n";
		} else {
			badprint "InnoDB data size / buffer pool: ".hr_bytes($enginestats{'InnoDB'})."/".hr_bytes($myvar{'innodb_buffer_pool_size'})."\n";
			push(@adjvars,"innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= ".hr_bytes_rnd($enginestats{'InnoDB'}).")");
		}
	}
}

# Take the two recommendation arrays and display them at the end of the output
sub make_recommendations {
	print "\n-------- Recommendations -----------------------------------------------------\n";
	if (@generalrec > 0) {
		print "General recommendations:\n";
		foreach (@generalrec) { print "    ".$_."\n"; }
	}
	if (@adjvars > 0) {
		print "Variables to adjust:\n";
		if ($mycalc{'pct_physical_memory'} > 90) {
			print "  *** MySQL's maximum memory usage is dangerously high ***\n".
				  "  *** Add RAM before increasing MySQL buffer variables ***\n";
		}
		foreach (@adjvars) { print "    ".$_."\n"; }
	}
	if (@generalrec == 0 && @adjvars ==0) {
		print "No additional performance recommendations are available.\n"
	}
	print "\n";
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# BEGIN 'MAIN'
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
print	"\n >>  MySQLTuner $tunerversion - Major Hayden <major\@mhtx.net>\n".
		" >>  Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/\n".
		" >>  Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering\n";
mysql_setup;					# Gotta login first
os_setup;						# Set up some OS variables
get_all_vars;					# Toss variables/status into hashes
validate_tuner_version;			# Check current MySQLTuner version
validate_mysql_version;			# Check current MySQL version
check_architecture;				# Suggest 64-bit upgrade
check_storage_engines;			# Show enabled storage engines
security_recommendations;		# Display some security recommendations
calculations;					# Calculate everything we need
mysql_stats;					# Print the server stats
make_recommendations;			# Make recommendations based on stats
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# END 'MAIN'
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Local variables:
# indent-tabs-mode: t
# cperl-indent-level: 8
# perl-indent-level: 8
# End:

onequery.php

<?php

include "common.php";

select_range(db(), '2012-09-01 00:00:00', '2012-11-30 23:59:59');
select_range(db(), '2012-12-01 00:00:00', '2013-02-28 23:59:59');
select_range(db(), '2012-10-01 00:00:00', '2013-01-31 23:59:59');

query.sh

#!/bin/bash
# REQUIRES SUDO
# Benchmark runner

command_to_run='php multiquery.php'

run_tests() {
    # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Benchmark loop
    # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    echo 'Benchmarking ' $command_to_run '...';

    while (true)
    do
        # runs time function for the called script, output in a comma seperated
        $(time -f "%E,%U,%S" ${command_to_run})
    done;

    echo -ne '\n'
}

run_tests

Vagrantfile

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

Vagrant::Config.run do |config|
  # All Vagrant configuration is done here. The most common configuration
  # options are documented and commented below. For a complete reference,
  # please see the online documentation at vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant virtual environment requires a box to build off of.
  config.vm.box = "precise32"

  # The url from where the 'config.vm.box' box will be fetched if it
  # doesn't already exist on the user's system.
  config.vm.box_url = "http://files.vagrantup.com/precise32.box"

  # Boot with a GUI so you can see the screen. (Default is headless)
  # config.vm.boot_mode = :gui

  # Assign this VM to a host-only network IP, allowing you to access it
  # via the IP. Host-only networks can talk to the host machine as well as
  # any other machines on the same network, but cannot be accessed (through this
  # network interface) by any external networks.
  # config.vm.network :hostonly, "192.168.33.10"

  # Assign this VM to a bridged network, allowing you to connect directly to a
  # network using the host's network device. This makes the VM appear as another
  # physical device on your network.
  # config.vm.network :bridged

  # Forward a port from the guest to the host, which allows for outside
  # computers to access the VM, whereas host only networking does not.
  # config.vm.forward_port 80, 8080
  config.vm.forward_port 3306, 8006

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # an identifier, the second is the path on the guest to mount the
  # folder, and the third is the path on the host to the actual folder.
  # config.vm.share_folder "v-data", "/vagrant_data", "../data"

  # Enable provisioning with Puppet stand alone.  Puppet manifests
  # are contained in a directory path relative to this Vagrantfile.
  # You will need to create the manifests directory and a manifest in
  # the file precise32.pp in the manifests_path directory.
  #
  # An example Puppet manifest to provision the message of the day:
  #
  # # group { "puppet":
  # #   ensure => "present",
  # # }
  # #
  # # File { owner => 0, group => 0, mode => 0644 }
  # #
  # # file { '/etc/motd':
  # #   content => "Welcome to your Vagrant-built virtual machine!
  # #               Managed by Puppet.\n"
  # # }
  #
  # config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet|
  #   puppet.manifests_path = "manifests"
  #   puppet.manifest_file  = "precise32.pp"
  # end

  # Enable provisioning with chef solo, specifying a cookbooks path, roles
  # path, and data_bags path (all relative to this Vagrantfile), and adding
  # some recipes and/or roles.
  #
  # config.vm.provision :chef_solo do |chef|
  #   chef.cookbooks_path = "../my-recipes/cookbooks"
  #   chef.roles_path = "../my-recipes/roles"
  #   chef.data_bags_path = "../my-recipes/data_bags"
  #   chef.add_recipe "mysql"
  #   chef.add_role "web"
  #
  #   # You may also specify custom JSON attributes:
  #   chef.json = { :mysql_password => "foo" }
  # end

  # Enable provisioning with chef server, specifying the chef server URL,
  # and the path to the validation key (relative to this Vagrantfile).
  #
  # The Opscode Platform uses HTTPS. Substitute your organization for
  # ORGNAME in the URL and validation key.
  #
  # If you have your own Chef Server, use the appropriate URL, which may be
  # HTTP instead of HTTPS depending on your configuration. Also change the
  # validation key to validation.pem.
  #
  # config.vm.provision :chef_client do |chef|
  #   chef.chef_server_url = "https://api.opscode.com/organizations/ORGNAME"
  #   chef.validation_key_path = "ORGNAME-validator.pem"
  # end
  #
  # If you're using the Opscode platform, your validator client is
  # ORGNAME-validator, replacing ORGNAME with your organization name.
  #
  # IF you have your own Chef Server, the default validation client name is
  # chef-validator, unless you changed the configuration.
  #
  #   chef.validation_client_name = "ORGNAME-validator"
end