mke2fs -c -c -t <fs_type e.g. ext4> -L <label e.g. home> <device e.g. /dev/sda1>
-c
checks for readability of blocks. identifies bad blocks. mentioning twice checks writing as well. slower.
-c
takes about 10 min per 50gb. -c -c
takes about 2 hours per 50gb.
mkswap -c -c -L <label e.g. swap> <device e.g. /dev/sda4>