rsierra/1ST README.md

## 1ST README.md

      
    Raw
  

              1ST README.md
            
          
    Rails < 2.3 patch for CVE-2013-0333 vulnerability:


Add CVE-2013-0333_patch.rb in '/config/initializers' directory.
Add okjson.rb in '/lib' directory.

To test the parser, try to decode with a bad formatted json:
(I don't know if it's the best test, but you check if you are using the json parser in the rails 2.3 official patch)

In console, before patch:

>> ActiveSupport::JSON.decode "{ 'a': 'a' }"
=> {"a"=>"a"}


After patch:

>> ActiveSupport::JSON.decode "{ 'a': 'a' }"
ActiveSupport::JSON::Error: invalid character at "'a': 'a' }"
  from .../lib/ok_json.rb:180:in `lex'
	from .../lib/ok_json.rb:46:in `decode'
        from .../config/initializers/CVE-2013-0333_patch.rb:8:in `decode'
	from (irb):2
>> ActiveSupport::JSON.decode "{\"a\":\"a\"}"
=> {"a"=>"a"}


## CVE-2013-0333_patch.rb
# config/initializers/CVE-2013-0333_patch.rb

require 'okjson'

ActiveSupport::JSON.module_eval do
  class << self
    def decode(json)
      ActiveSupport::OkJson.decode(json)
    end
  end
end

## okjson.rb
# lib/okjson.rb
# Original file from rails 2.3 patch

module ActiveSupport
  # Include OkJson as a replacement for the Yaml backend
  # encoding: UTF-8
  #
  # Copyright 2011, 2012 Keith Rarick
  #
  # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  #
  # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  # all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  #
  # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  # THE SOFTWARE.

  # See https://github.com/kr/okjson for updates.

  require 'stringio'

  # Some parts adapted from
  # http://golang.org/src/pkg/json/decode.go and
  # http://golang.org/src/pkg/utf8/utf8.go
  module OkJson
    Upstream = 'LTD7LBKLZWFF7OZK'
    extend self


    # Decodes a json document in string s and
    # returns the corresponding ruby value.
    # String s must be valid UTF-8. If you have
    # a string in some other encoding, convert
    # it first.
    #
    # String values in the resulting structure
    # will be UTF-8.
    def decode(s)
      ts = lex(s)
      v, ts = textparse(ts)
      if ts.length > 0
        raise Error, 'trailing garbage'
      end
      v
    end


    # Parses a "json text" in the sense of RFC 4627.
    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
    # Note: this is almost the same as valparse,
    # except that it does not accept atomic values.
    def textparse(ts)
      if ts.length < 0
        raise Error, 'empty'
      end

      typ, _, val = ts[0]
      case typ
      when '{' then objparse(ts)
      when '[' then arrparse(ts)
      else
        raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
      end
    end


    # Parses a "value" in the sense of RFC 4627.
    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
    def valparse(ts)
      if ts.length < 0
        raise Error, 'empty'
      end

      typ, _, val = ts[0]
      case typ
      when '{' then objparse(ts)
      when '[' then arrparse(ts)
      when :val,:str then [val, ts[1..-1]]
      else
        raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
      end
    end


    # Parses an "object" in the sense of RFC 4627.
    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
    def objparse(ts)
      ts = eat('{', ts)
      obj = {}

      if ts[0][0] == '}'
        return obj, ts[1..-1]
      end

      k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
      obj[k] = v

      if ts[0][0] == '}'
        return obj, ts[1..-1]
      end

      loop do
        ts = eat(',', ts)

        k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
        obj[k] = v

        if ts[0][0] == '}'
          return obj, ts[1..-1]
        end
      end
    end


    # Parses a "member" in the sense of RFC 4627.
    # Returns the parsed values and any trailing tokens.
    def pairparse(ts)
      (typ, _, k), ts = ts[0], ts[1..-1]
      if typ != :str
        raise Error, "unexpected #{k.inspect}"
      end
      ts = eat(':', ts)
      v, ts = valparse(ts)
      [k, v, ts]
    end


    # Parses an "array" in the sense of RFC 4627.
    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
    def arrparse(ts)
      ts = eat('[', ts)
      arr = []

      if ts[0][0] == ']'
        return arr, ts[1..-1]
      end

      v, ts = valparse(ts)
      arr << v

      if ts[0][0] == ']'
        return arr, ts[1..-1]
      end

      loop do
        ts = eat(',', ts)

        v, ts = valparse(ts)
        arr << v

        if ts[0][0] == ']'
          return arr, ts[1..-1]
        end
      end
    end


    def eat(typ, ts)
      if ts[0][0] != typ
        raise Error, "expected #{typ} (got #{ts[0].inspect})"
      end
      ts[1..-1]
    end


    # Scans s and returns a list of json tokens,
    # excluding white space (as defined in RFC 4627).
    def lex(s)
      ts = []
      while s.length > 0
        typ, lexeme, val = tok(s)
        if typ == nil
          raise Error, "invalid character at #{s[0,10].inspect}"
        end
        if typ != :space
          ts << [typ, lexeme, val]
        end
        s = s[lexeme.length..-1]
      end
      ts
    end


    # Scans the first token in s and
    # returns a 3-element list, or nil
    # if s does not begin with a valid token.
    #
    # The first list element is one of
    # '{', '}', ':', ',', '[', ']',
    # :val, :str, and :space.
    #
    # The second element is the lexeme.
    #
    # The third element is the value of the
    # token for :val and :str, otherwise
    # it is the lexeme.
    def tok(s)
      case s[0]
      when ?{  then ['{', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
      when ?}  then ['}', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
      when ?:  then [':', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
      when ?,  then [',', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
      when ?[  then ['[', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
      when ?]  then [']', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
      when ?n  then nulltok(s)
      when ?t  then truetok(s)
      when ?f  then falsetok(s)
      when ?"  then strtok(s)
      when Spc then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
      when ?\t then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
      when ?\n then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
      when ?\r then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
      else          numtok(s)
      end
    end


    def nulltok(s);  s[0,4] == 'null'  ? [:val, 'null',  nil]   : [] end
    def truetok(s);  s[0,4] == 'true'  ? [:val, 'true',  true]  : [] end
    def falsetok(s); s[0,5] == 'false' ? [:val, 'false', false] : [] end


    def numtok(s)
      m = /-?([1-9][0-9]+|[0-9])([.][0-9]+)?([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?/.match(s)
      if m && m.begin(0) == 0
        if m[3] && !m[2]
          [:val, m[0], Integer(m[1])*(10**Integer(m[3][1..-1]))]
        elsif m[2]
          [:val, m[0], Float(m[0])]
        else
          [:val, m[0], Integer(m[0])]
        end
      else
        []
      end
    end


    def strtok(s)
      m = /"([^"\\]|\\["\/\\bfnrt]|\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})*"/.match(s)
      if ! m
        raise Error, "invalid string literal at #{abbrev(s)}"
      end
      [:str, m[0], unquote(m[0])]
    end


    def abbrev(s)
      t = s[0,10]
      p = t['`']
      t = t[0,p] if p
      t = t + '...' if t.length < s.length
      '`' + t + '`'
    end


    # Converts a quoted json string literal q into a UTF-8-encoded string.
    # The rules are different than for Ruby, so we cannot use eval.
    # Unquote will raise an error if q contains control characters.
    def unquote(q)
      q = q[1...-1]
      a = q.dup # allocate a big enough string
      rubydoesenc = false
      # In ruby >= 1.9, a[w] is a codepoint, not a byte.
      if a.class.method_defined?(:force_encoding)
        a.force_encoding('UTF-8')
        rubydoesenc = true
      end
      r, w = 0, 0
      while r < q.length
        c = q[r]
        case true
        when c == ?\\
          r += 1
          if r >= q.length
            raise Error, "string literal ends with a \"\\\": \"#{q}\""
          end

          case q[r]
          when ?",?\\,?/,?'
            a[w] = q[r]
            r += 1
            w += 1
          when ?b,?f,?n,?r,?t
            a[w] = Unesc[q[r]]
            r += 1
            w += 1
          when ?u
            r += 1
            uchar = begin
              hexdec4(q[r,4])
            rescue RuntimeError => e
              raise Error, "invalid escape sequence \\u#{q[r,4]}: #{e}"
            end
            r += 4
            if surrogate? uchar
              if q.length >= r+6
                uchar1 = hexdec4(q[r+2,4])
                uchar = subst(uchar, uchar1)
                if uchar != Ucharerr
                  # A valid pair; consume.
                  r += 6
                end
              end
            end
            if rubydoesenc
              a[w] = '' << uchar
              w += 1
            else
              w += ucharenc(a, w, uchar)
            end
          else
            raise Error, "invalid escape char #{q[r]} in \"#{q}\""
          end
        when c == ?", c < Spc
          raise Error, "invalid character in string literal \"#{q}\""
        else
          # Copy anything else byte-for-byte.
          # Valid UTF-8 will remain valid UTF-8.
          # Invalid UTF-8 will remain invalid UTF-8.
          # In ruby >= 1.9, c is a codepoint, not a byte,
          # in which case this is still what we want.
          a[w] = c
          r += 1
          w += 1
        end
      end
      a[0,w]
    end


    # Encodes unicode character u as UTF-8
    # bytes in string a at position i.
    # Returns the number of bytes written.
    def ucharenc(a, i, u)
      case true
      when u <= Uchar1max
        a[i] = (u & 0xff).chr
        1
      when u <= Uchar2max
        a[i+0] = (Utag2 | ((u>>6)&0xff)).chr
        a[i+1] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
        2
      when u <= Uchar3max
        a[i+0] = (Utag3 | ((u>>12)&0xff)).chr
        a[i+1] = (Utagx | ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
        a[i+2] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
        3
      else
        a[i+0] = (Utag4 | ((u>>18)&0xff)).chr
        a[i+1] = (Utagx | ((u>>12)&Umaskx)).chr
        a[i+2] = (Utagx | ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
        a[i+3] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
        4
      end
    end


    def hexdec4(s)
      if s.length != 4
        raise Error, 'short'
      end
      (nibble(s[0])<<12) | (nibble(s[1])<<8) | (nibble(s[2])<<4) | nibble(s[3])
    end


    def subst(u1, u2)
      if Usurr1 <= u1 && u1 < Usurr2 && Usurr2 <= u2 && u2 < Usurr3
        return ((u1-Usurr1)<<10) | (u2-Usurr2) + Usurrself
      end
      return Ucharerr
    end


    def surrogate?(u)
      Usurr1 <= u && u < Usurr3
    end


    def nibble(c)
      case true
      when ?0 <= c && c <= ?9 then c.ord - ?0.ord
      when ?a <= c && c <= ?z then c.ord - ?a.ord + 10
      when ?A <= c && c <= ?Z then c.ord - ?A.ord + 10
      else
        raise Error, "invalid hex code #{c}"
      end
    end


    # Encodes x into a json text. It may contain only
    # Array, Hash, String, Numeric, true, false, nil.
    # (Note, this list excludes Symbol.)
    # X itself must be an Array or a Hash.
    # No other value can be encoded, and an error will
    # be raised if x contains any other value, such as
    # Nan, Infinity, Symbol, and Proc, or if a Hash key
    # is not a String.
    # Strings contained in x must be valid UTF-8.
    def encode(x)
      case x
      when Hash    then objenc(x)
      when Array   then arrenc(x)
      else
        raise Error, 'root value must be an Array or a Hash'
      end
    end


    def valenc(x)
      case x
      when Hash    then objenc(x)
      when Array   then arrenc(x)
      when String  then strenc(x)
      when Numeric then numenc(x)
      when true    then "true"
      when false   then "false"
      when nil     then "null"
      else
        raise Error, "cannot encode #{x.class}: #{x.inspect}"
      end
    end


    def objenc(x)
      '{' + x.map{|k,v| keyenc(k) + ':' + valenc(v)}.join(',') + '}'
    end


    def arrenc(a)
      '[' + a.map{|x| valenc(x)}.join(',') + ']'
    end


    def keyenc(k)
      case k
      when String then strenc(k)
      else
        raise Error, "Hash key is not a string: #{k.inspect}"
      end
    end


    def strenc(s)
      t = StringIO.new
      t.putc(?")
      r = 0

      # In ruby >= 1.9, s[r] is a codepoint, not a byte.
      rubydoesenc = s.class.method_defined?(:encoding)

      while r < s.length
        case s[r]
        when ?"  then t.print('\\"')
        when ?\\ then t.print('\\\\')
        when ?\b then t.print('\\b')
        when ?\f then t.print('\\f')
        when ?\n then t.print('\\n')
        when ?\r then t.print('\\r')
        when ?\t then t.print('\\t')
        else
          c = s[r]
          case true
          when rubydoesenc
            begin
              c.ord # will raise an error if c is invalid UTF-8
              t.write(c)
            rescue
              t.write(Ustrerr)
            end
          when Spc <= c && c <= ?~
            t.putc(c)
          else
            n = ucharcopy(t, s, r) # ensure valid UTF-8 output
            r += n - 1 # r is incremented below
          end
        end
        r += 1
      end
      t.putc(?")
      t.string
    end


    def numenc(x)
      if ((x.nan? || x.infinite?) rescue false)
        raise Error, "Numeric cannot be represented: #{x}"
      end
      "#{x}"
    end


    # Copies the valid UTF-8 bytes of a single character
    # from string s at position i to I/O object t, and
    # returns the number of bytes copied.
    # If no valid UTF-8 char exists at position i,
    # ucharcopy writes Ustrerr and returns 1.
    def ucharcopy(t, s, i)
      n = s.length - i
      raise Utf8Error if n < 1

      c0 = s[i].ord

      # 1-byte, 7-bit sequence?
      if c0 < Utagx
        t.putc(c0)
        return 1
      end

      raise Utf8Error if c0 < Utag2 # unexpected continuation byte?

      raise Utf8Error if n < 2 # need continuation byte
      c1 = s[i+1].ord
      raise Utf8Error if c1 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c1

      # 2-byte, 11-bit sequence?
      if c0 < Utag3
        raise Utf8Error if ((c0&Umask2)<<6 | (c1&Umaskx)) <= Uchar1max
        t.putc(c0)
        t.putc(c1)
        return 2
      end

      # need second continuation byte
      raise Utf8Error if n < 3

      c2 = s[i+2].ord
      raise Utf8Error if c2 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c2

      # 3-byte, 16-bit sequence?
      if c0 < Utag4
        u = (c0&Umask3)<<12 | (c1&Umaskx)<<6 | (c2&Umaskx)
        raise Utf8Error if u <= Uchar2max
        t.putc(c0)
        t.putc(c1)
        t.putc(c2)
        return 3
      end

      # need third continuation byte
      raise Utf8Error if n < 4
      c3 = s[i+3].ord
      raise Utf8Error if c3 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c3

      # 4-byte, 21-bit sequence?
      if c0 < Utag5
        u = (c0&Umask4)<<18 | (c1&Umaskx)<<12 | (c2&Umaskx)<<6 | (c3&Umaskx)
        raise Utf8Error if u <= Uchar3max
        t.putc(c0)
        t.putc(c1)
        t.putc(c2)
        t.putc(c3)
        return 4
      end

      raise Utf8Error
    rescue Utf8Error
      t.write(Ustrerr)
      return 1
    end


    class Utf8Error < ::StandardError
    end


    class Error < ::StandardError
    end


    Utagx = 0x80 # 1000 0000
    Utag2 = 0xc0 # 1100 0000
    Utag3 = 0xe0 # 1110 0000
    Utag4 = 0xf0 # 1111 0000
    Utag5 = 0xF8 # 1111 1000
    Umaskx = 0x3f # 0011 1111
    Umask2 = 0x1f # 0001 1111
    Umask3 = 0x0f # 0000 1111
    Umask4 = 0x07 # 0000 0111
    Uchar1max = (1<<7) - 1
    Uchar2max = (1<<11) - 1
    Uchar3max = (1<<16) - 1
    Ucharerr = 0xFFFD # unicode "replacement char"
    Ustrerr = "\xef\xbf\xbd" # unicode "replacement char"
    Usurrself = 0x10000
    Usurr1 = 0xd800
    Usurr2 = 0xdc00
    Usurr3 = 0xe000

    Spc = ' '[0]
    Unesc = {?b=>?\b, ?f=>?\f, ?n=>?\n, ?r=>?\r, ?t=>?\t}
  end

  module JSON
    module Backends
      module OkJson
        ParseError = ::ActiveSupport::OkJson::Error
        extend self

        # Parses a JSON string or IO and convert it into an object
        def decode(json)
          if json.respond_to?(:read)
            json = json.read
          end
          data = ActiveSupport::OkJson.decode(json)
          if ActiveSupport.parse_json_times
            convert_dates_from(data)
          else
            data
          end
        end

      private
        def convert_dates_from(data)
          case data
          when nil
            nil
          when DATE_REGEX
            begin
              DateTime.parse(data)
            rescue ArgumentError
              data
            end
          when Array
            data.map! { |d| convert_dates_from(d) }
          when Hash
            data.each do |key, value|
              data[key] = convert_dates_from(value)
            end
          else
            data
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
end
	# config/initializers/CVE-2013-0333_patch.rb

	require 'okjson'

	ActiveSupport::JSON.module_eval do
	class << self
	def decode(json)
	ActiveSupport::OkJson.decode(json)
	end
	end
	end
	# lib/okjson.rb
	# Original file from rails 2.3 patch

	module ActiveSupport
	# Include OkJson as a replacement for the Yaml backend
	# encoding: UTF-8
	#
	# Copyright 2011, 2012 Keith Rarick
	#
	# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
	#
	# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
	#
	# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
	# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
	# THE SOFTWARE.

	# See https://github.com/kr/okjson for updates.

	require 'stringio'

	# Some parts adapted from
	# http://golang.org/src/pkg/json/decode.go and
	# http://golang.org/src/pkg/utf8/utf8.go
	module OkJson
	Upstream = 'LTD7LBKLZWFF7OZK'
	extend self


	# Decodes a json document in string s and
	# returns the corresponding ruby value.
	# String s must be valid UTF-8. If you have
	# a string in some other encoding, convert
	# it first.
	#
	# String values in the resulting structure
	# will be UTF-8.
	def decode(s)
	ts = lex(s)
	v, ts = textparse(ts)
	if ts.length > 0
	raise Error, 'trailing garbage'
	end
	v
	end


	# Parses a "json text" in the sense of RFC 4627.
	# Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
	# Note: this is almost the same as valparse,
	# except that it does not accept atomic values.
	def textparse(ts)
	if ts.length < 0
	raise Error, 'empty'
	end

	typ, _, val = ts[0]
	case typ
	when '{' then objparse(ts)
	when '[' then arrparse(ts)
	else
	raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
	end
	end


	# Parses a "value" in the sense of RFC 4627.
	# Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
	def valparse(ts)
	if ts.length < 0
	raise Error, 'empty'
	end

	typ, _, val = ts[0]
	case typ
	when '{' then objparse(ts)
	when '[' then arrparse(ts)
	when :val,:str then [val, ts[1..-1]]
	else
	raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
	end
	end


	# Parses an "object" in the sense of RFC 4627.
	# Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
	def objparse(ts)
	ts = eat('{', ts)
	obj = {}

	if ts[0][0] == '}'
	return obj, ts[1..-1]
	end

	k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
	obj[k] = v

	if ts[0][0] == '}'
	return obj, ts[1..-1]
	end

	loop do
	ts = eat(',', ts)

	k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
	obj[k] = v

	if ts[0][0] == '}'
	return obj, ts[1..-1]
	end
	end
	end


	# Parses a "member" in the sense of RFC 4627.
	# Returns the parsed values and any trailing tokens.
	def pairparse(ts)
	(typ, _, k), ts = ts[0], ts[1..-1]
	if typ != :str
	raise Error, "unexpected #{k.inspect}"
	end
	ts = eat(':', ts)
	v, ts = valparse(ts)
	[k, v, ts]
	end


	# Parses an "array" in the sense of RFC 4627.
	# Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
	def arrparse(ts)
	ts = eat('[', ts)
	arr = []

	if ts[0][0] == ']'
	return arr, ts[1..-1]
	end

	v, ts = valparse(ts)
	arr << v

	if ts[0][0] == ']'
	return arr, ts[1..-1]
	end

	loop do
	ts = eat(',', ts)

	v, ts = valparse(ts)
	arr << v

	if ts[0][0] == ']'
	return arr, ts[1..-1]
	end
	end
	end


	def eat(typ, ts)
	if ts[0][0] != typ
	raise Error, "expected #{typ} (got #{ts[0].inspect})"
	end
	ts[1..-1]
	end


	# Scans s and returns a list of json tokens,
	# excluding white space (as defined in RFC 4627).
	def lex(s)
	ts = []
	while s.length > 0
	typ, lexeme, val = tok(s)
	if typ == nil
	raise Error, "invalid character at #{s[0,10].inspect}"
	end
	if typ != :space
	ts << [typ, lexeme, val]
	end
	s = s[lexeme.length..-1]
	end
	ts
	end


	# Scans the first token in s and
	# returns a 3-element list, or nil
	# if s does not begin with a valid token.
	#
	# The first list element is one of
	# '{', '}', ':', ',', '[', ']',
	# :val, :str, and :space.
	#
	# The second element is the lexeme.
	#
	# The third element is the value of the
	# token for :val and :str, otherwise
	# it is the lexeme.
	def tok(s)
	case s[0]
	when ?{ then ['{', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
	when ?} then ['}', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
	when ?: then [':', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
	when ?, then [',', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
	when ?[ then ['[', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
	when ?] then [']', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
	when ?n then nulltok(s)
	when ?t then truetok(s)
	when ?f then falsetok(s)
	when ?" then strtok(s)
	when Spc then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
	when ?\t then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
	when ?\n then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
	when ?\r then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
	else numtok(s)
	end
	end


	def nulltok(s); s[0,4] == 'null' ? [:val, 'null', nil] : [] end
	def truetok(s); s[0,4] == 'true' ? [:val, 'true', true] : [] end
	def falsetok(s); s[0,5] == 'false' ? [:val, 'false', false] : [] end


	def numtok(s)
	m = /-?([1-9][0-9]+\|[0-9])([.][0-9]+)?([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?/.match(s)
	if m && m.begin(0) == 0
	if m[3] && !m[2]
	[:val, m[0], Integer(m[1])(10*Integer(m[3][1..-1]))]
	elsif m[2]
	[:val, m[0], Float(m[0])]
	else
	[:val, m[0], Integer(m[0])]
	end
	else
	[]
	end
	end


	def strtok(s)
	m = /"([^"\\]\|\\["\/\\bfnrt]\|\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})*"/.match(s)
	if ! m
	raise Error, "invalid string literal at #{abbrev(s)}"
	end
	[:str, m[0], unquote(m[0])]
	end


	def abbrev(s)
	t = s[0,10]
	p = t['`']
	t = t[0,p] if p
	t = t + '...' if t.length < s.length
	'`' + t + '`'
	end


	# Converts a quoted json string literal q into a UTF-8-encoded string.
	# The rules are different than for Ruby, so we cannot use eval.
	# Unquote will raise an error if q contains control characters.
	def unquote(q)
	q = q[1...-1]
	a = q.dup # allocate a big enough string
	rubydoesenc = false
	# In ruby >= 1.9, a[w] is a codepoint, not a byte.
	if a.class.method_defined?(:force_encoding)
	a.force_encoding('UTF-8')
	rubydoesenc = true
	end
	r, w = 0, 0
	while r < q.length
	c = q[r]
	case true
	when c == ?\\
	r += 1
	if r >= q.length
	raise Error, "string literal ends with a \"\\\": \"#{q}\""
	end

	case q[r]
	when ?",?\\,?/,?'
	a[w] = q[r]
	r += 1
	w += 1
	when ?b,?f,?n,?r,?t
	a[w] = Unesc[q[r]]
	r += 1
	w += 1
	when ?u
	r += 1
	uchar = begin
	hexdec4(q[r,4])
	rescue RuntimeError => e
	raise Error, "invalid escape sequence \\u#{q[r,4]}: #{e}"
	end
	r += 4
	if surrogate? uchar
	if q.length >= r+6
	uchar1 = hexdec4(q[r+2,4])
	uchar = subst(uchar, uchar1)
	if uchar != Ucharerr
	# A valid pair; consume.
	r += 6
	end
	end
	end
	if rubydoesenc
	a[w] = '' << uchar
	w += 1
	else
	w += ucharenc(a, w, uchar)
	end
	else
	raise Error, "invalid escape char #{q[r]} in \"#{q}\""
	end
	when c == ?", c < Spc
	raise Error, "invalid character in string literal \"#{q}\""
	else
	# Copy anything else byte-for-byte.
	# Valid UTF-8 will remain valid UTF-8.
	# Invalid UTF-8 will remain invalid UTF-8.
	# In ruby >= 1.9, c is a codepoint, not a byte,
	# in which case this is still what we want.
	a[w] = c
	r += 1
	w += 1
	end
	end
	a[0,w]
	end


	# Encodes unicode character u as UTF-8
	# bytes in string a at position i.
	# Returns the number of bytes written.
	def ucharenc(a, i, u)
	case true
	when u <= Uchar1max
	a[i] = (u & 0xff).chr
	1
	when u <= Uchar2max
	a[i+0] = (Utag2 \| ((u>>6)&0xff)).chr
	a[i+1] = (Utagx \| (u&Umaskx)).chr
	2
	when u <= Uchar3max
	a[i+0] = (Utag3 \| ((u>>12)&0xff)).chr
	a[i+1] = (Utagx \| ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
	a[i+2] = (Utagx \| (u&Umaskx)).chr
	3
	else
	a[i+0] = (Utag4 \| ((u>>18)&0xff)).chr
	a[i+1] = (Utagx \| ((u>>12)&Umaskx)).chr
	a[i+2] = (Utagx \| ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
	a[i+3] = (Utagx \| (u&Umaskx)).chr
	4
	end
	end


	def hexdec4(s)
	if s.length != 4
	raise Error, 'short'
	end
	(nibble(s[0])<<12) \| (nibble(s[1])<<8) \| (nibble(s[2])<<4) \| nibble(s[3])
	end


	def subst(u1, u2)
	if Usurr1 <= u1 && u1 < Usurr2 && Usurr2 <= u2 && u2 < Usurr3
	return ((u1-Usurr1)<<10) \| (u2-Usurr2) + Usurrself
	end
	return Ucharerr
	end


	def surrogate?(u)
	Usurr1 <= u && u < Usurr3
	end


	def nibble(c)
	case true
	when ?0 <= c && c <= ?9 then c.ord - ?0.ord
	when ?a <= c && c <= ?z then c.ord - ?a.ord + 10
	when ?A <= c && c <= ?Z then c.ord - ?A.ord + 10
	else
	raise Error, "invalid hex code #{c}"
	end
	end


	# Encodes x into a json text. It may contain only
	# Array, Hash, String, Numeric, true, false, nil.
	# (Note, this list excludes Symbol.)
	# X itself must be an Array or a Hash.
	# No other value can be encoded, and an error will
	# be raised if x contains any other value, such as
	# Nan, Infinity, Symbol, and Proc, or if a Hash key
	# is not a String.
	# Strings contained in x must be valid UTF-8.
	def encode(x)
	case x
	when Hash then objenc(x)
	when Array then arrenc(x)
	else
	raise Error, 'root value must be an Array or a Hash'
	end
	end


	def valenc(x)
	case x
	when Hash then objenc(x)
	when Array then arrenc(x)
	when String then strenc(x)
	when Numeric then numenc(x)
	when true then "true"
	when false then "false"
	when nil then "null"
	else
	raise Error, "cannot encode #{x.class}: #{x.inspect}"
	end
	end


	def objenc(x)
	'{' + x.map{\|k,v\| keyenc(k) + ':' + valenc(v)}.join(',') + '}'
	end


	def arrenc(a)
	'[' + a.map{\|x\| valenc(x)}.join(',') + ']'
	end


	def keyenc(k)
	case k
	when String then strenc(k)
	else
	raise Error, "Hash key is not a string: #{k.inspect}"
	end
	end


	def strenc(s)
	t = StringIO.new
	t.putc(?")
	r = 0

	# In ruby >= 1.9, s[r] is a codepoint, not a byte.
	rubydoesenc = s.class.method_defined?(:encoding)

	while r < s.length
	case s[r]
	when ?" then t.print('\\"')
	when ?\\ then t.print('\\\\')
	when ?\b then t.print('\\b')
	when ?\f then t.print('\\f')
	when ?\n then t.print('\\n')
	when ?\r then t.print('\\r')
	when ?\t then t.print('\\t')
	else
	c = s[r]
	case true
	when rubydoesenc
	begin
	c.ord # will raise an error if c is invalid UTF-8
	t.write(c)
	rescue
	t.write(Ustrerr)
	end
	when Spc <= c && c <= ?~
	t.putc(c)
	else
	n = ucharcopy(t, s, r) # ensure valid UTF-8 output
	r += n - 1 # r is incremented below
	end
	end
	r += 1
	end
	t.putc(?")
	t.string
	end


	def numenc(x)
	if ((x.nan? \|\| x.infinite?) rescue false)
	raise Error, "Numeric cannot be represented: #{x}"
	end
	"#{x}"
	end


	# Copies the valid UTF-8 bytes of a single character
	# from string s at position i to I/O object t, and
	# returns the number of bytes copied.
	# If no valid UTF-8 char exists at position i,
	# ucharcopy writes Ustrerr and returns 1.
	def ucharcopy(t, s, i)
	n = s.length - i
	raise Utf8Error if n < 1

	c0 = s[i].ord

	# 1-byte, 7-bit sequence?
	if c0 < Utagx
	t.putc(c0)
	return 1
	end

	raise Utf8Error if c0 < Utag2 # unexpected continuation byte?

	raise Utf8Error if n < 2 # need continuation byte
	c1 = s[i+1].ord
	raise Utf8Error if c1 < Utagx \|\| Utag2 <= c1

	# 2-byte, 11-bit sequence?
	if c0 < Utag3
	raise Utf8Error if ((c0&Umask2)<<6 \| (c1&Umaskx)) <= Uchar1max
	t.putc(c0)
	t.putc(c1)
	return 2
	end

	# need second continuation byte
	raise Utf8Error if n < 3

	c2 = s[i+2].ord
	raise Utf8Error if c2 < Utagx \|\| Utag2 <= c2

	# 3-byte, 16-bit sequence?
	if c0 < Utag4
	u = (c0&Umask3)<<12 \| (c1&Umaskx)<<6 \| (c2&Umaskx)
	raise Utf8Error if u <= Uchar2max
	t.putc(c0)
	t.putc(c1)
	t.putc(c2)
	return 3
	end

	# need third continuation byte
	raise Utf8Error if n < 4
	c3 = s[i+3].ord
	raise Utf8Error if c3 < Utagx \|\| Utag2 <= c3

	# 4-byte, 21-bit sequence?
	if c0 < Utag5
	u = (c0&Umask4)<<18 \| (c1&Umaskx)<<12 \| (c2&Umaskx)<<6 \| (c3&Umaskx)
	raise Utf8Error if u <= Uchar3max
	t.putc(c0)
	t.putc(c1)
	t.putc(c2)
	t.putc(c3)
	return 4
	end

	raise Utf8Error
	rescue Utf8Error
	t.write(Ustrerr)
	return 1
	end


	class Utf8Error < ::StandardError
	end


	class Error < ::StandardError
	end


	Utagx = 0x80 # 1000 0000
	Utag2 = 0xc0 # 1100 0000
	Utag3 = 0xe0 # 1110 0000
	Utag4 = 0xf0 # 1111 0000
	Utag5 = 0xF8 # 1111 1000
	Umaskx = 0x3f # 0011 1111
	Umask2 = 0x1f # 0001 1111
	Umask3 = 0x0f # 0000 1111
	Umask4 = 0x07 # 0000 0111
	Uchar1max = (1<<7) - 1
	Uchar2max = (1<<11) - 1
	Uchar3max = (1<<16) - 1
	Ucharerr = 0xFFFD # unicode "replacement char"
	Ustrerr = "\xef\xbf\xbd" # unicode "replacement char"
	Usurrself = 0x10000
	Usurr1 = 0xd800
	Usurr2 = 0xdc00
	Usurr3 = 0xe000

	Spc = ' '[0]
	Unesc = {?b=>?\b, ?f=>?\f, ?n=>?\n, ?r=>?\r, ?t=>?\t}
	end

	module JSON
	module Backends
	module OkJson
	ParseError = ::ActiveSupport::OkJson::Error
	extend self

	# Parses a JSON string or IO and convert it into an object
	def decode(json)
	if json.respond_to?(:read)
	json = json.read
	end
	data = ActiveSupport::OkJson.decode(json)
	if ActiveSupport.parse_json_times
	convert_dates_from(data)
	else
	data
	end
	end

	private
	def convert_dates_from(data)
	case data
	when nil
	nil
	when DATE_REGEX
	begin
	DateTime.parse(data)
	rescue ArgumentError
	data
	end
	when Array
	data.map! { \|d\| convert_dates_from(d) }
	when Hash
	data.each do \|key, value\|
	data[key] = convert_dates_from(value)
	end
	else
	data
	end
	end
	end
	end
	end
	end