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<filedesc>
<titlestmt>
<titleproper encodinganalog="245$a">William K. Hefner Papers</titleproper>
<subtitle>Finding Aid</subtitle>
<author encodinganalog="245$c">Finding aid prepared by Gabrielle Fein, Abbott Thayer, and Jess Watzky.</author>
</titlestmt>
<publicationstmt>
<publisher encodinganalog="260$b">Special Collections and University Archives, W.E.B. Dubois Library, UMass Amherst</publisher>
<address>
<addressline>Amherst, Mass.</addressline>
</address>
<date encodinganalog="260$c" normal="2011">2011</date>
<p>&#169; University of Massachusetts Amherst. All rights reserved.</p>
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<creation encodinganalog="500">Finding aid encoded in MSWord, <date>2010-12-28</date></creation>
<langusage>Finding aid written in <language encodinganalog="546" langcode="eng" scriptcode="latn">English</language></langusage>
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<archdesc relatedencoding="MARC21" level="collection">
<did id="main">
<origination label="William K. Hefner">
<persname encodinganalog="100" source="lcnaf">Hefner, William K.</persname>
</origination>
<unittitle label="Title:" encodinganalog="245$a">William K. Hefner Papers</unittitle>
<unitdate encodinganalog="245$f" type="inclusive" normal="1945/1987">1945-1987</unitdate>
<unitdate encodinganalog="245$f" type="bulk" normal="1959/1964">1959-1964</unitdate>
<unitid label="Collection Number:" encodinganalog="099" repositorycode="mu" countrycode="us">MS 129</unitid>
<physdesc label="Quantity:">
<extent encodinganalog="300$a">6 boxes</extent>
<extent encodinganalog="300$a">(9 linear ft.)</extent>
</physdesc>
<repository label="Location:">
<corpname>Special Collections and University Archives, W.E.B. Du Bois Library, University of Massachusetts Amherst</corpname>
</repository>
<abstract encodinganalog="520$a">In 1960, William K. Hefner (1915-1993) became one of the first of new breed of radical pacifists to run for elective office, when he ran as a peace candidate for Congress in the 1st district of Massachusetts.  An accountant from Greenfield, Hefner was involved at a national level with movements for peace and civil rights.  An early member of SANE, a founder of Political Action for Peace in 1959 (now CPPAX) and the Greenfield Peace Center (1963), and an active member of the American Friends Service Committee, War Resisters League, Turn Toward Peace, and the World Without War Conference, Hefner was an energetic force in the movements for peace and disarmament, civil rights, and a more just economic system.  He ran unsuccessfully for office in three elections between 1960 and 1964, and supported peace candidate H. Stuart Hughes in his bid for election to the U.S. Senate in 1962. 
<lb/>The Hefner papers offer a remarkable record of politically-engaged activism for peace and social justice in the early 1960s.  With an intensely local focus, Hefner was tied in to the larger movements at the state and national level, corresponding with major figures such as A.J. Muste, Bayard Rustin, Benjamin Spock, and Arthur Springer.  The collection includes particularly rich documentation of the early years of Political Action for Peace, which Hefner helped found, with correspondence, minutes of meetings, and publications, as well as equally rich materials on Hefner's bids for congress in 1960 and 1962.
</abstract>
<langmaterial><language langcode="eng">English</language></langmaterial>
</did>



<bioghist id="bioghist">
<dao linktype="simple" actuate="onload" show="embed" href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/images/findingaids/mums129/mums129_hefner_mid.jpg" altrender="right">
<daodesc><p>William K. Hefner</p></daodesc>
</dao>
<p>An accountant by trade, and a peace and civil rights activist by nature, Hefner was already a veteran of twenty years in the struggle for social justice when he became the sole peace candidate for national public office in 1960.  Although he failed to secure the Democratic nomination for the seat in the First Congressional District of Massachusetts, and lost again two years later, Hefner never relented, remaining a passionate public voice for social justice for many years. </p>

<p>A native of Logan, West Virginia, William K. Hefner (1915-1993), had his first taste of practical politics shortly after high school when he worked for the County Board of Education.  By his student days at Antioch College, he had already become a deeply committed pacifist, so much so that after graduation in May 1940, he helped found Ahimsa Farm in Aurora, Ohio, a center for study and discussion of simple living and nonviolent direct action modeled on Gandhian principles.  During the Second World War, Hefner refused military service on religious grounds and was assigned to alternative duty in civilian public service camps for the duration.  After his release, he married Elizabeth Mutsch of Brooklyn, New York, in 1947, and in the following year, the couple moved to western Massachusetts, where Hefner began work as a certified public accountant in Greenfield and later as an Assistant Professor of Accounting at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (1951-1954).  The Hefners had two children, Linda and Robert.</p>

<p>In many regards, Hefner followed a classic, old-line Liberal line on politics, though always distinguished by his ardent pacifism.  His commitments hardly wavered, even at the height of the McCarthy era.  As early as the end of the Second World War, he stood up publicly for widely unpopular causes on a number of fronts: arguing for the equality of the races, speaking out in favor of nuclear disarmament (urging his fellow citizens to match their "American patriotism" with "American ideals"), and calling for diplomatic recognition of the People's Republic of China.  Informed by Quaker theology, his vision of patriotism fed into a steady stream of articles written for regional newspapers and into his annual Christmas messages, in which he called on his fellow Americans to act peacefully in accord with their Judeo-Christian professions.  </p>

<p>Having already emerged as a local leader of SANE in western Massachusetts, Hefner helped organize Political Action for Peace (PAX) in 1959 to back peace candidates for public office and, as an early brochure stated, to "inject into the 1960 political campaign a set of ideas that does not lead to the inevitable failures stemming from the contradictory concept of 'maintaining peace through the arms race.'"  Coordinating with national peace advocates such as A.J. Muste and Arthur Springer, PAX promoted their agenda with considerable energy and provided substantial support for Hefner's bid for the Democratic nomination for the congressional seat in the First District.  Although he lost that race, Hefner polled well enough to be encouraged.</p>

<p>In 1962, PAX had a greater impact, with Massachusetts (along with California) fielding the largest number of peace candidates for public office.  Hefner, who had been the only avowed peace candidate in 1960, secured the Democratic nomination for the First District, losing to two-time Republican incumbent Silvio O. Conte in the general election, while-PAX backed candidates Elizabeth Boardman ran for the congressional seat in the Third District and Harvard History Professor and independent, H. Stuart Hughes, for Senate.  Although Boardman and Hughes lost their elections, the organization that supported them endured, reforming as Massachusetts Political Action for Peace (Mass PAX) in November 1962 and merging in 1972 with a broadly similar organization, Citizens for Participation Politics(CPP) to form Citizens for Participation in Political Action (CPPAX).</p>

<p>Peace activism for Hefner went hand in hand with the struggle for social and racial justice, and from his college days, Hefner built working relationships with a number of nationally significant figures in the civil rights movement, including Bayard Rustin.  Hefner lead contingents from western Massachusetts to at least three of the Marches on Washington, including the 1963 March led by Martin Luther King, and two marches against the war in Vietnam in 1964 and 1965.  </p>

<p>Hefner was affiliated with a remarkably large number of peace and social justice organizations including the Fellowship of Reconciliation; War Resisters League; the Peace Committee of the New England Region American Friends Service Committee; the Committee on Peace and Social Concerns of the Middle Connecticut Valley Monthly Meeting of Friends (Quakers); the American Civil Liberties Union; the Congress of Racial Equality; the World Without War Council; and the American Committee on Africa. Locally, his commitments were equally varied, ranging from service as a member of the Board of Directors of Woolman Hill Quaker Conference Center in Deerfield, Mass., as Chair of the New England Committee on Political Action for Peace (PAX), Chair of the Hampshire-Franklin Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, and, for two years, as a member of the Mohawk Trail Regional School Committee.  A Presbyterian, he attended the Mt. Toby Friends Meeting.  He died in Greenfield in 1993.</p>
</bioghist>

<scopecontent id="scope">
<p>Hefner's unflinching commitment to effecting social change through the political process resulted in a deep and remarkably varied body of records.  Although the Hefner papers span only about five years of his career in detail (1959-1964), they offer remarkable insight into the mind and organizational activities of a tireless peace advocate, a would-be congressman, and progressive proponent of causes ranging from civil rights to disarmament, a just foreign policy, and social equity at home.</p>

<p>Organized in three series, the collection contains records relating to Hefner's two runs for a seat in U.S. Congress from the First District of Massachusetts (1960 and 1962); materials relating to his work with peace organizations (Turn To Peace, Platform For Peace, SANE) and Civil Rights groups (Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party); and the foundational records for Political Action for Peace.  The content in each of these series is varied, but overlaps considerably, and each series includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, newsletters, campaign press releases, and ephemera.</p>
</scopecontent>


<accessrestrict id="admin-access">
<p>The collection is open for research.</p>
</accessrestrict>

<prefercite id="admin-cite">
<p><emph render="italic">Cite as</emph>: William K. Hefner Papers (MS 129). Special Collections and University Archives, W.E.B. Du Bois Library, University of Massachusetts Amherst.</p>
</prefercite>

<acqinfo id="admin-acqinfo">
<p>Gift of Elizabeth Hefner, April 1994.</p>
</acqinfo>

<processinfo><p>Processed by Gabrielle Fein, Abbott Thayer, and Jess Watzky, December 2010.</p></processinfo>

<controlaccess id="subj">
<persname encodinganalog="100">Hefner, William K.</persname>
<persname encodinganalog="700">Boardman, Elizabeth F.</persname>
<persname encodinganalog="700">Hughes, H. Stuart (Henry Stuart), 1916-1999.</persname>
<persname encodinganalog="700">Muste, Abraham John, 1885-1967.</persname>
<persname encodinganalog="700">Rustin, Bayard, 1912-1987.</persname>
<persname encodinganalog="700">Springer, Arthur.</persname>

<corpname encodinganalog="710">Massachusetts Political Action for Peace.</corpname>
<corpname encodinganalog="710">Platform for Peace (Organization).</corpname>
<corpname encodinganalog="710">Political Action for Peace.</corpname>
<corpname encodinganalog="710">SANE, Inc.</corpname>
<corpname encodinganalog="710">Turn Toward Peace (Organization).</corpname>

<subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">Antinuclear movement--Massachusetts.</subject>
<subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">Civil Rights movements--Massachusetts.</subject>
<subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">Nonviolence.</subject>
<subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">Pacifists--Massachusetts.</subject>
<subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">Political activists--Massachusetts.</subject>
<subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements.</subject>

<geogname encodinganalog="651" source="lcsh">United States. Congress--Elections, 1960.</geogname>
<geogname encodinganalog="651" source="lcsh">United States. Congress--Elections, 1962.</geogname>

<genreform encodinganalog="655" source="aat">Minutes.</genreform>
</controlaccess>


<relatedmaterial id="add-related">
<p>Among other collections in SCUA relating to Hefner and to peace activism in Western Massachusetts, see:</p>
<list>
<item><extref href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/umarmot/?p=436">Silvio O. Conte Papers</extref></item>
<item><extref href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/umarmot/?p=364">Greenfield Peace Center</extref></item>
<item><extref href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/umarmot/?p=101">Traprock Peace Center</extref></item>
<item><extref href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/umarmot/?p=83">Valley Peace Center</extref></item>
</list>
</relatedmaterial>


<dsc type="analyticover">

<c01 level="series">
<did>
<unittitle>Series 1. Political Campaigns</unittitle>
<unitdate normal="1957/1987" type="inclusive">1957-1987</unitdate>
<unitdate normal="1957/1987" type="bulk">1960-1962</unitdate>
<physdesc>75 folders</physdesc>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>Beginning with early efforts to galvanize support for his run the U.S. Congress in 1960 through his defeat at the hands of Republican incumbent Silvio O. Conte two years later, this series includes dense documentation of Bill Hefner's skills as a political organizer and his stance as a peace candidate.  In addition to relatively mundane materials on campaign finances and getting out the vote, the series includes a strong selection of Hefner's stump speeches, his platform, publicity materials, and a thick run of correspondence with well known activists and antiwar supporters, including the singer Richard Dyer-Bennet, A.J. Muste, Bayard Rustin, and Benjamin Spock, and outgoing letters from Hefner to these and others.  The series provides a detailed framework for understanding Hefner's attempts to enter Democratic Party politics, to marshal support and wage a peace campaign, and analyze the results.  The campaign diary represents a slender, but engrossing chronicle of the 1962 election, and the campaign evaluations for that election provide a keen retrospective.</p>

<p>The series also contains significant materials relating to Hefner's involvement in supporting peace candidate H. Stuart Hughes' campaign for the Senate in 1962, including correspondence with campaign organizers, candidate's statements, press releases, newsletters, fliers and ephemera, and a series of notes on the campaign.</p>
</scopecontent>
</c01>

<c01 level="series">
<did>
<unittitle>Series 2. Causes</unittitle>
<unitdate normal="1945/1978" type="inclusive">1945-1978</unitdate>
<physdesc>114 folders</physdesc>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>Although Hefner's involvements in reform activity were many and varied, he was particularly embroiled in the antiwar and civil rights movements.  This series contains a wealth of correspondence, memoranda, ephemera, and other materials relating to Hefner's political activities in the 1950s and 1960s, with particular emphasis on his work with Turn Toward Peace and other disarmament and antinuclear groups, and in the early anti-Vietnam War struggles.  Among other organizations that appear are the Greenfield Peace Center (which Hefner helped to found in 1963), Platform For Peace, SANE, and the World Without War Council.</p>

<p>Hefner's support for the civil rights movement is less thoroughly represented, however there is valuable material relating to the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party and scattered materials on integration and race.</p>
</scopecontent>
</c01>

<c01 level="series">
<did>
<unittitle>Series 3. Political Action for Peace</unittitle>
<unitdate normal="1958/1969" type="inclusive">1958-1969</unitdate>
<physdesc>69 folders</physdesc>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>A founder of Political Action for Peace in 1959, Hefner kept a strong record of its early years.  In many ways, this series contains the incunabula of the organization: documents pertaining to the exploratory committee and the early efforts at propagating their ideas to the public, minutes of committee meetings, and correspondence with the organization's officers and supporters.  Inevitably, the series contains material relating to the elections of 1960 through 1964 and should be read in tandem with the other series in this collection.</p>
</scopecontent>
</c01>
</dsc>


<dsc type="in-depth">

<c01 level="series">
<did>
<unittitle>Series 1. Political Campaigns</unittitle>
<unitdate normal="1957/1987" type="inclusive">1957-1987</unitdate>
<unitdate normal="1957/1987" type="bulk">1960-1962</unitdate>
<physdesc>75 folders</physdesc>
</did>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">01</container><unittitle>1960 Campaign</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">02</container><unittitle>1960 Election Results</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">03</container><unittitle>1960 General Election</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">04</container><unittitle>1960 Rallies</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">05</container><unittitle>1960-1962 Campaigns</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960/1962">1960-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">06</container><unittitle>American Broadcasting Affiliate Radio</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">07</container><unittitle>Bank Statements</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">08</container><unittitle>Bills Paid</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">09</container><unittitle>Campaign Correspondence #1 (incl. Bayard Rustin, AJ Muste, Richard Dyer-Bennet, WH Ferry, A. Paul Hare, Marshall Kaplan)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">10</container><unittitle>Campaign Correspondence #2 (incl. AJ Muste, Margaret Bradford Malone)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">11</container><unittitle>Campaign Correspondence #3 (incl. Dr. Benjamin Spock, Edward Kennedy, Bayard Rustin, Tracy D. Mygatt, Margaret Bradford Malone, Jerome Grossman)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">12</container><unittitle>Campaign Diary</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">13</container><unittitle>Campaign Evaluation</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">14</container><unittitle>Campaign Material</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1958/1960">1958-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">15</container><unittitle>Campaign Platform, MA District #1</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">16</container><unittitle>Campaign Story</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">17</container><unittitle>Campaigns Books</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1987">1962-1987</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">18</container><unittitle>Candidate Questionnaires</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">19</container><unittitle>Candidate Questionnaires</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">20</container><unittitle>Clippings and Pamphlets</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">21</container><unittitle>Clippings</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">22</container><unittitle>Conte Record</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960/1961">1960-1961</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">23</container><unittitle>Copies of Speeches</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960/1962">1960-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">24</container><unittitle>Corrupt Practices</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">25</container><unittitle>Democratic Committee, District #1</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">26</container><unittitle>Democratic Committee, Franklin County</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">27</container><unittitle>Democratic Organization</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">28</container><unittitle>Drafts of CcampaignMmaterials</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">29</container><unittitle>Election Newsletters and Pamphlets</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">30</container><unittitle>Election Results</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">31</container><unittitle>Election Results</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">32</container><unittitle>Elizabeth Boardman, 3rd District Candidate</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">33</container><unittitle>Evaluations</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">34</container><unittitle>Fair Campaigns Practice Pledge</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">35</container><unittitle>First District Statistics</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">36</container><unittitle>Fliers and Outreach</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">37</container><unittitle>Fundraising</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">38</container><unittitle>Hefner Campaign Photos</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">39</container><unittitle>Hefner for Congress Committee</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">40</container><unittitle>Helen Bliss, New Hampshire Peace Candidate</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964">1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">41</container><unittitle>House Meetings </unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">42</container><unittitle>House Meetings</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">43</container><unittitle>House-to-House Canvassing</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">44</container><unittitle>Hughes: Plans, Workers</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">45</container><unittitle>Hughes: Press Releases</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">46</container><unittitle>Hughes: Senate #1</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1963">1962-1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">47</container><unittitle>Hughes: Senate #2</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">48</container><unittitle>Hughes: Senate #3</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">49</container><unittitle>Hughes: Signature Campaign</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">50</container><unittitle>Hughes: Trip (incl. Marjory Collins, Stuart Hughes)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">51</container><unittitle>Labor and Small Business</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">52</container><unittitle>Labor Union</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">1</container><container type="folder">53</container><unittitle>Letter Drafts</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">54</container><unittitle>Liberation Article (incl. Marshall Kaplan, AJ Muste)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">55</container><unittitle>Literature Used (incl. campaign matchbook, nail file)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">56</container><unittitle>Mailing Personal Letters, Small Towns</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">57</container><unittitle>Mailings, Political Platform</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">58</container><unittitle>Memo to a Third Party, by Roger Hagan</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">59</container><unittitle>Misc. Hefner Campaign Materials (incl. campaign buttons, pencil, bumper stickers)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">60</container><unittitle>"New Kind of Politics" Speech</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">61</container><unittitle>Newsclippings: Western Mass and Holyoke</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">62</container><unittitle>Newspaper Ads</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">63</container><unittitle>Newspaper Publicity and Press Releases</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">64</container><unittitle>Nominating Papers</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">65</container><unittitle>Nominating Papers/Canvassing</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">66</container><unittitle>Paid Bills</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">67</container><unittitle>"PAX Not Communist"/Other Material</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">68</container><unittitle>Political Data on District #1</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">69</container><unittitle>Politics and Pacifism</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1957/1959">1957-1959</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">70</container><unittitle>Press Releases</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">71</container><unittitle>Primary Election Results</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">72</container><unittitle>Radio Spots</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">73</container><unittitle>Registered Voters, 4th Berkshire</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">74</container><unittitle>Speaking Dates</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">75</container><unittitle>Workers</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
</c01>

<c01 level="series">
<did>
<unittitle>Series 2. Causes</unittitle>
<unitdate normal="1945/1978" type="inclusive">1945-1978</unitdate>
<physdesc>114 folders</physdesc>
</did>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">76</container><unittitle>1964 Elections</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963/1964">1963-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">77</container><unittitle>1964 Peace Candidates</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964">1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">78</container><unittitle>1964 Peace Candidates State by State</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964">1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">79</container><unittitle>1968 Peace Politics</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1966">1966</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">80</container><unittitle>American Friends Service Committee/Turn Toward Peace Controversy</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963/1964">1963-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">81</container><unittitle>Arms Control and Disarmament</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1957/1958">1957-1958</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">82</container><unittitle>Center for the Study of Non-Violence (incl. Milton Mayer, Arthur E. Morgan)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1968/1971">1968-1971</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">83</container><unittitle>Christian Youth Groups</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961">1961</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">84</container><unittitle>Civil Disobedience</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961/1968">1961-1968</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">85</container><unittitle>Civil Rights in Laos</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1963">1959-1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">86</container><unittitle>Civil Rights/Integration</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960/1964">1960-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">87</container><unittitle>Coalition Politics</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1965">1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">88</container><unittitle>"Consultative Peace" Council Meetings (incl. AJ Muste)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959">1959</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">89</container><unittitle>Correspondence re: Greenfield Peace Activities</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1975">1962-1975</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">90</container><unittitle>Cuba #1</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960/1962">1960-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">91</container><unittitle>Cuba #2</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1964">1962-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">92</container><unittitle>Disarmament</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1965">1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">93</container><unittitle>Disarmament (Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961/1964">1961-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">94</container><unittitle>Disarmament Bibliography</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">95</container><unittitle>Disarmament Defense</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1955/1958">1955-1958</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">2</container><container type="folder">96</container><unittitle>Disarmament Materials</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1962">1959-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">97</container><unittitle>Energy Nuclear and Utilities Partial</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1974/1977">1974-1977</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">98</container><unittitle>Election Results</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964">1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">99</container><unittitle>Eugene McCarthy 1968 Presidential Nomination Campaign</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1967/1968">1967-1968</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">100</container><unittitle>Eugene McCarthy for President, Franklin County"</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1968">1968</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">101</container><unittitle>Fallout Shelters</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1962">1959-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">102</container><unittitle>Franklin County Peace Action Committee</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1969/1970">1969-1970</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">103</container><unittitle>Geneva Disarmament Committee</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961/1963">1961-1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">104</container><unittitle>Greenfield Peace Center Administrative Business</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963/1968">1963-1968</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">105</container><unittitle>Greenfield Peace Center Administrative Business and Outreach</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1967">1962-1967</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">106</container><unittitle>Greenfield Peace Race Advertisements</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1957/1962">1957-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">107</container><unittitle>Hampshire Franklin Committee for Sane Nuclear Policy</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1958/1960">1958-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">108</container><unittitle>H-Bomb/Atomic Power Pamphlets and Information</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1954/1960">1954-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">109</container><unittitle>Herman Kahn, Rand Incorporation</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1962">1959-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">110</container><unittitle>Integration Speech and Civil Rights Clippings</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1964">1962-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">111</container><unittitle>International Non New England Peace Organizations</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">112</container><unittitle>International Non Violent Force</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961/1965">1961-1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">113</container><unittitle>International Peace Conference, 1963</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963">1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">114</container><unittitle>JFK Disarmament Proposal</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961/1962">1961-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">115</container><unittitle>Labor and Peace</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964/1965">1964-1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">116</container><unittitle>Local Newsclippings, SANE</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1958/1962">1958-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">117</container><unittitle>March on Washington (incl. Silvio O. Conte, Bayard Rustin)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963">1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">118</container><unittitle>March on Washington: Vietnam (incl. Robert A. Lyon, AJ Muste, Bronson Clark, Sanford Gottlieb)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1965">1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">119</container><unittitle>March on Washington: Vietnam (incl. photographs)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1969">1969</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">120</container><unittitle>Military Spending</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1971">1959-1971</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">121</container><unittitle>Military Strategy</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964/1964">1964-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">122</container><unittitle>Milton Mayer and Woolman Hill Colloqium</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1967/1968">1967-1968</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">123</container><unittitle>Minimal Deterement</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964">1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">124</container><unittitle>Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964/1965">1964-1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">125</container><unittitle>Mohawk Trail School District</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1956/1958">1956-1958</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">126</container><unittitle>Multilateral Force (MLF)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963/1965">1963-1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">127</container><unittitle>National Conference for New Politics</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1967/1968">1967-1968</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">128</container><unittitle>National Executive and TTP Council Minutes</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1963">1962-1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">129</container><unittitle>Negotiation Now! and Vietnam Summer</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1967">1967</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">130</container><unittitle>Neo-McCarthyism</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1965">1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">131</container><unittitle>Newspaper Clippings</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1988">1959-1988</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">3</container><container type="folder">132</container><unittitle>The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960/1964">1960-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">133</container><unittitle>Nuclear Weapons Test</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1964">1962-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">134</container><unittitle>Nukes and Nuke-Free Zones</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964">1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">135</container><unittitle>Nukes: Correspondence (incl. Silvio O. Conte, John Olver)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1973/1977">1973-1977</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">136</container><unittitle>Nuremberg Principles</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1966/1970">1966-1970</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">137</container><unittitle>Peace Candidate Conference #1</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1963">1962-1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">138</container><unittitle>Peace Candidate Conference #2</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963">1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">139</container><unittitle>Peace Group: Agenda, Attendance, Plans</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961">1961</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">140</container><unittitle>Peace Politics (incl. James Farmer)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1967/1968">1967-1968</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">141</container><unittitle>Peace Politics Clearing House (incl. Marshall Windmiller, Sanford Gottlieb)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963/1964">1963-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">142</container><unittitle>Peace Steering Committee, Discussion Group</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961/1962">1961-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">143</container><unittitle>Peace-Related Newsclippings</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964/1978">1964-1978</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">144</container><unittitle>Platform for Peace Minutes, Seattle, WA. (incl. Anne M. Stadler)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960/1964">1960-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">145</container><unittitle>Polaris Action Inspired Forum Letters</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961">1961</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">146</container><unittitle>Poor People Campaign</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1968">1968</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">147</container><unittitle>Post-Campaign Speeches, etc.</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">148</container><unittitle>Race Relations and Africa (incl. Bayard Rustin)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1955/1960">1955-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">149</container><unittitle>Race Relations Pamphlet</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1945">1945</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">150</container><unittitle>Radiation Fallout</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1962">1959-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">151</container><unittitle>Radiation Testing</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1956/1958">1956-1958</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">152</container><unittitle>Rowe Atomic Plant International Inspection Memorial Project (incl. Silvio O. Conte)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964">1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">153</container><unittitle>SANE Misc.</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1958/1960">1958-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">154</container><unittitle>SANE Nuclear Policy</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1958/1961">1958-1961</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">155</container><unittitle>SANE Radiation Materials </unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1954/1959">1954-1959</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">156</container><unittitle>SANE Speech Material</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1957/1959">1957-1959</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">157</container><unittitle>Society for Social Responsibility in Science Newsletter (SSRS)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1957/1961">1957-1961</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">158</container><unittitle>Southeast Asia</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963/1965">1963-1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">159</container><unittitle>Southern Christian Leadership Conference</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963/1964">1963-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">160</container><unittitle>Speech Documentation (incl. Linus Pauling)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1958/1962">1958-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">161</container><unittitle>Speech Material</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1966">1962-1966</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">162</container><unittitle>Speeches of Leo Szilard (incl. Dr. Leo Szilard)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1963">1962-1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">163</container><unittitle>Speeches, Misc.</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1966">1962-1966</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">164</container><unittitle>Spread of Nuclear Weapons</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963/1967">1963-1967</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">165</container><unittitle>Students for a Democratic Society</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1965/1966">1965-1966</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">166</container><unittitle>Turn Toward Peace Clippings</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961/1962">1961-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">167</container><unittitle>Turn Toward Peace Letters</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963/1964">1963-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">4</container><container type="folder">168</container><unittitle>Turn Toward Peace National Council Minutes</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964">1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">169</container><unittitle>Turn Toward Peace National Council Minutes</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1965">1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">170</container><unittitle>Turn Toward Peace National Office</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">171</container><unittitle>Turn Toward Peace Northampton and Amherst</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963">1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">172</container><unittitle>Turn Toward Peace Regional (incl. Marshall Kaplan)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961">1961</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">173</container><unittitle>Turn Toward Peace Western Mass Intercom</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961/1962">1961-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">174</container><unittitle>Valley Peace Center</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1967">1967</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">175</container><unittitle>Various Problems re: Latin America</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961/1965">1961-1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">176</container><unittitle>Vietnam #1</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1965-01/1970-04">1965 Jan.-1970 Apr.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">177</container><unittitle>Vietnam #2</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1965-01/1965-04">1965 Jan.-19May</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">178</container><unittitle>Vietnam #3</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1965-11/1973-01">1965 Nov.-1973 Jan.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">179</container><unittitle>Vietnam Discussion</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1967-10-18">1967 Oct. 18 </unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">180</container><unittitle>Vietnam Draft (incl. Edward Kennedy)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964/1971">1964-1971</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">181</container><unittitle>Vietnam: Greenfield Community College</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963-01/1965-11">1963 Jan.-1965 Nov.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">182</container><unittitle>Vietnam Military Posture</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1958/1969">1958-1969</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">183</container><unittitle>Vietnam Protest Letters and Clippings</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1967/1969">1967-1969</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">184</container><unittitle>Vietnam Protest Letters and Donation Forms</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1970">1962-1970</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">185</container><unittitle>Vietnam References and Mail</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1966-01/1967-10">1966 Jan.-1967 Oct.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">186</container><unittitle>Vietnam War Moratorium</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1969-10/1969-11">1969 Oct-19Nov</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">187</container><unittitle>Voluntary Organizations and a World Without War Council (VOAAWWWC)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963">1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">188</container><unittitle>Voters for Peace</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963">1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">189</container><unittitle>World Without War Council of U.S.</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1973/1978">1973-1978</unitdate></did></c02>
</c01>

<c01 level="series">
<did>
<unittitle>Series 3. Political Action for Peace</unittitle>
<unitdate normal="1958/1969" type="inclusive">1958-1969</unitdate>
<physdesc>69 folders</physdesc>
</did>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">190</container><unittitle>Agenda and Correspondence (incl. Anne M. Stadler, A. Paul Hare, Marshall Kaplan)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1961">1959-1961</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">191</container><unittitle>Bank Statements</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1963">1962-1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">192</container><unittitle>Bills and Related</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1964">1962-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">193</container><unittitle>Calendar, Early Documents</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1958/1960">1958-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">194</container><unittitle>Cambridge Office</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962-04/1962-09">1962 Apr.-Sept.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">195</container><unittitle>Candidates Meetings</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">196</container><unittitle>Checkbook</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">197</container><unittitle>Committee of Correspondence "Civil Defense Document"</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961-10">1961 Oct.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">198</container><unittitle>Committee on Exploration</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959">1959</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">199</container><unittitle>Committee on Exploration Correspondence (incl. A.J. Muste)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1960">1959-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">200</container><unittitle>Committee on Exploration Draft Statements</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1960">1959-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">201</container><unittitle>Committee on Exploration Early Documents</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1960">1959-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">5</container><container type="folder">202</container><unittitle>Committee on Exploration Extra Copies of Statements</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959">1959</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">203</container><unittitle>Committee on Exploration Implementation Program</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959">1959</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">204</container><unittitle>Committee on Exploration Meeting, Oct 17 1959</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959">1959</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">205</container><unittitle>Committee on Exploration Political Relevance of Non-Violence</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1958/1959">1958-1959</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">206</container><unittitle>Committee on Exploration Working Papers/Draft Statements</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959">1959</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">207</container><unittitle>Contribution Letters (incl. Marshall Kaplan)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">208</container><unittitle>Contributions</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">209</container><unittitle>Correspondence (incl. A.J. Muste)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959-10/1961-03">1959 Oct.-1961 Mar.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">210</container><unittitle>Correspondence (incl. A.J. Muste)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1963">1962-1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">211</container><unittitle>Correspondence</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963-03/1964-12">1963 Mar.-1964 Dec.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">212</container><unittitle>CPPAX Anniversary</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1977">1977</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">213</container><unittitle>"Current Correspondence"</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959-11/1960-12">1959 Nov.-1960 Dec.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">214</container><unittitle>Executive Committee</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964/1965">1964-1965</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">215</container><unittitle>Executive Committee</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1966">1966</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">216</container><unittitle>Finances</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1961/1962">1961-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">217</container><unittitle>Financial Records</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">218</container><unittitle>Fundraising and Meeting Correspondence</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">219</container><unittitle>Greater Boston Committee</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">220</container><unittitle>Kaplan Correspondence (Marshall Kaplan)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">221</container><unittitle>Local Committee Charters</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">222</container><unittitle>Local Committee Work</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">223</container><unittitle>Mailing List</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1967">1962-1967</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">224</container><unittitle>Mailing List (Organizations)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">225</container><unittitle>Mailing List and Reports</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">226</container><unittitle>Meeting</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960-06-19">1960 June 19</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">227</container><unittitle>Meeting</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960-08-04">1960 Aug. 4</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">228</container><unittitle>Meeting</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960-12-17">1960 Dec. 17</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">229</container><unittitle>Meeting</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962-07-22">1962 July 22</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">230</container><unittitle>Meeting Minutes</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960-02/1960-04">1960 Feb.-Apr.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">231</container><unittitle>Meeting Minutes</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">232</container><unittitle>Meeting Minutes</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1966/1969">1966-1969</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">233</container><unittitle>Meetings, Correspondence</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960-01/1960-03">1960 Jan.-Mar.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">234</container><unittitle>Meetings, Platform</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963-04/1964-05">1963 Apr.-1964 May</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">235</container><unittitle>Minutes and Members</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">236</container><unittitle>Monthly Meetings</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962-02/1962-05">1962 Feb.-May</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">237</container><unittitle>New England PAX</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963">1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">238</container><unittitle>New England PAX</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964">1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">239</container><unittitle>Newsletter, Mailing List, Bulletings</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960/1961">1960-1961</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">240</container><unittitle>Newsletters</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962-05/1964-04">1962 May-1964 Apr.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">241</container><unittitle>"Next Meeting" (incl. AJ Muste)</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960-09-17">1960 Sept. 17</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">242</container><unittitle>Outreach</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962-01/1962-07">1962 Jan.-July</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">243</container><unittitle>Paid Bills</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960/1962">1960-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">244</container><unittitle>Pamphlets and Letterhead</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960/1962">1960-1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">245</container><unittitle>Payroll/Tax Returns</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1963">1962-1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">246</container><unittitle>"Peace News"</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1957/1961">1957-1961</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">247</container><unittitle>Peace-Politics Articles</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1963">1962-1963</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">248</container><unittitle>Peace-Politics Newsletter</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962/1964">1962-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">249</container><unittitle>Platform</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1964-04/1964-05">1964 Apr.-May</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">250</container><unittitle>Plymouth, Massachusetts</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960-04/1960-12">1960 Apr.-Dec.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">251</container><unittitle>Policy Statement Draft</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1960">1959-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">252</container><unittitle>Prospective Candidates</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1962">1962</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">253</container><unittitle>Questionnaire</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">254</container><unittitle>Receipts</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963-01/1963-02">1963 Jan.-1963 Feb.</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">255</container><unittitle>"Reference"</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">256</container><unittitle>State Legislation</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1963/1964">1963-1964</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">257</container><unittitle>Ten Year Program</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1959/1960">1959-1960</unitdate></did></c02>
<c02 level="file"><did><container type="box">6</container><container type="folder">258</container><unittitle>Working Committee and Map</unittitle><unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1960">1960</unitdate></did></c02>
</c01>
</dsc>


</archdesc>
</ead>