ssh port forwarding

Local laptop = FOO
Remote server = BAR
VM inside remote server = CAT

Let's say the BAR server has something listening on port 80 and you want to
get to that from FOO, your local laptop's web browser.

From FOO:
ssh ubuntu@BAR

(holding the right-shift key, hit tilde, capital C):  ~C
You will see a "ssh>" console prompt appear, where you can make special
on-the-fly ssh commands.  One of those could be a port forward!

-L 10080:CAT:80

Now on your local laptop, FOO, point your web browser at:

http://localhost:10080

And you should see the remote web server.