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Created using remix-ide: Realtime Ethereum Contract Compiler and Runtime. Load this file by pasting this gists URL or ID at https://remix.ethereum.org/#version=soljson-v0.8.7+commit.e28d00a7.js&optimize=false&runs=200&gist=
REMIX DEFAULT WORKSPACE
Remix default workspace is present when:
i. Remix loads for the very first time
ii. A new workspace is created
iii. There are no files existing in the File Explorer
This workspace contains 3 directories:
1. 'contracts': Holds three contracts with different complexity level, denoted with number prefix in file name.
2. 'scripts': Holds two scripts to deploy a contract. It is explained below.
3. 'tests': Contains one Solidity test file for 'Ballot' contract & one JS test file for 'Storage' contract
SCRIPTS
The 'scripts' folder contains two example async/await scripts for deploying the 'Storage' contract.
For the deployment of any other contract, 'contractName' and 'constructorArgs' should be updated (along with other code if required).
Also, there is a script containing some unit tests for Storage contract inside tests directory.
To run a script, right click on file name in the file explorer and click 'Run'. Remember, Solidity file must already be compiled.
Output from script will appear in remix terminal.
Please note, 'require' statement is supported in a limited manner for Remix supported modules.
For now, modules supported by Remix are ethers, web3, swarmgw, chai, remix and hardhat only for hardhat.ethers object/plugin.
For unsupported modules, an error like this will be thrown: '<module_name> module require is not supported by Remix IDE will be shown.'
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
/**
* @title Storage
* @dev Store & retrieve value in a variable
* @custom:dev-run-script ./scripts/deploy_with_ethers.ts
*/
contract Storage {
uint256 number;
/**
* @dev Store value in variable
* @param num value to store
*/
function store(uint256 num) public {
number = num;
}
/**
* @dev Return value
* @return value of 'number'
*/
function retrieve() public view returns (uint256){
return number;
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
import "hardhat/console.sol";
/**
* @title Owner
* @dev Set & change owner
*/
contract Owner {
address private owner;
// event for EVM logging
event OwnerSet(address indexed oldOwner, address indexed newOwner);
// modifier to check if caller is owner
modifier isOwner() {
// If the first argument of 'require' evaluates to 'false', execution terminates and all
// changes to the state and to Ether balances are reverted.
// This used to consume all gas in old EVM versions, but not anymore.
// It is often a good idea to use 'require' to check if functions are called correctly.
// As a second argument, you can also provide an explanation about what went wrong.
require(msg.sender == owner, "Caller is not owner");
_;
}
/**
* @dev Set contract deployer as owner
*/
constructor() {
console.log("Owner contract deployed by:", msg.sender);
owner = msg.sender; // 'msg.sender' is sender of current call, contract deployer for a constructor
emit OwnerSet(address(0), owner);
}
/**
* @dev Change owner
* @param newOwner address of new owner
*/
function changeOwner(address newOwner) public isOwner {
emit OwnerSet(owner, newOwner);
owner = newOwner;
}
/**
* @dev Return owner address
* @return address of owner
*/
function getOwner() external view returns (address) {
return owner;
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
/**
* @title Ballot
* @dev Implements voting process along with vote delegation
*/
contract Ballot {
struct Voter {
uint weight; // weight is accumulated by delegation
bool voted; // if true, that person already voted
address delegate; // person delegated to
uint vote; // index of the voted proposal
}
struct Proposal {
// If you can limit the length to a certain number of bytes,
// always use one of bytes1 to bytes32 because they are much cheaper
bytes32 name; // short name (up to 32 bytes)
uint voteCount; // number of accumulated votes
}
address public chairperson;
mapping(address => Voter) public voters;
Proposal[] public proposals;
/**
* @dev Create a new ballot to choose one of 'proposalNames'.
* @param proposalNames names of proposals
*/
constructor(bytes32[] memory proposalNames) {
chairperson = msg.sender;
voters[chairperson].weight = 1;
for (uint i = 0; i < proposalNames.length; i++) {
// 'Proposal({...})' creates a temporary
// Proposal object and 'proposals.push(...)'
// appends it to the end of 'proposals'.
proposals.push(Proposal({
name: proposalNames[i],
voteCount: 0
}));
}
}
/**
* @dev Give 'voter' the right to vote on this ballot. May only be called by 'chairperson'.
* @param voter address of voter
*/
function giveRightToVote(address voter) public {
require(
msg.sender == chairperson,
"Only chairperson can give right to vote."
);
require(
!voters[voter].voted,
"The voter already voted."
);
require(voters[voter].weight == 0);
voters[voter].weight = 1;
}
/**
* @dev Delegate your vote to the voter 'to'.
* @param to address to which vote is delegated
*/
function delegate(address to) public {
Voter storage sender = voters[msg.sender];
require(!sender.voted, "You already voted.");
require(to != msg.sender, "Self-delegation is disallowed.");
while (voters[to].delegate != address(0)) {
to = voters[to].delegate;
// We found a loop in the delegation, not allowed.
require(to != msg.sender, "Found loop in delegation.");
}
sender.voted = true;
sender.delegate = to;
Voter storage delegate_ = voters[to];
if (delegate_.voted) {
// If the delegate already voted,
// directly add to the number of votes
proposals[delegate_.vote].voteCount += sender.weight;
} else {
// If the delegate did not vote yet,
// add to her weight.
delegate_.weight += sender.weight;
}
}
/**
* @dev Give your vote (including votes delegated to you) to proposal 'proposals[proposal].name'.
* @param proposal index of proposal in the proposals array
*/
function vote(uint proposal) public {
Voter storage sender = voters[msg.sender];
require(sender.weight != 0, "Has no right to vote");
require(!sender.voted, "Already voted.");
sender.voted = true;
sender.vote = proposal;
// If 'proposal' is out of the range of the array,
// this will throw automatically and revert all
// changes.
proposals[proposal].voteCount += sender.weight;
}
/**
* @dev Computes the winning proposal taking all previous votes into account.
* @return winningProposal_ index of winning proposal in the proposals array
*/
function winningProposal() public view
returns (uint winningProposal_)
{
uint winningVoteCount = 0;
for (uint p = 0; p < proposals.length; p++) {
if (proposals[p].voteCount > winningVoteCount) {
winningVoteCount = proposals[p].voteCount;
winningProposal_ = p;
}
}
}
/**
* @dev Calls winningProposal() function to get the index of the winner contained in the proposals array and then
* @return winnerName_ the name of the winner
*/
function winnerName() public view
returns (bytes32 winnerName_)
{
winnerName_ = proposals[winningProposal()].name;
}
}
FILE EXPLORERS
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
import "hardhat/console.sol";
/**
* @title Owner
* @dev Set & change owner
*/
Clear console
0
listen on all transactions
Search with transaction hash or address
Welcome to Remix 0.24.1
Your files are stored in indexedDB, 63.67 MB / 1.09 TB used
You can use this terminal to:
Check transactions details and start debugging.
Execute JavaScript scripts:
- Input a script directly in the command line interface
- Select a Javascript file in the file explorer and then run \`remix.execute()\` or \`remix.exeCurrent()\` in the command line interface
- Right click on a JavaScript file in the file explorer and then click \`Run\`
The following libraries are accessible:
web3 version 1.5.2
ethers.js
remix
Type the library name to see available commands.
>
// This script can be used to deploy the "Storage" contract using ethers.js library.
// Please make sure to compile "./contracts/1_Storage.sol" file before running this script.
// And use Right click -> "Run" from context menu of the file to run the script. Shortcut: Ctrl+Shift+S
import { deploy } from './ethers-lib'
(async () => {
try {
const result = await deploy('Storage', [])
console.log(`address: ${result.address}`)
} catch (e) {
console.log(e.message)
}
})()
// This script can be used to deploy the "Storage" contract using Web3 library.
// Please make sure to compile "./contracts/1_Storage.sol" file before running this script.
// And use Right click -> "Run" from context menu of the file to run the script. Shortcut: Ctrl+Shift+S
import { deploy } from './web3-lib'
(async () => {
try {
const result = await deploy('Storage', [])
console.log(`address: ${result.address}`)
} catch (e) {
console.log(e.message)
}
})()
import { ethers } from 'ethers'
/**
* Deploy the given contract
* @param {string} contractName name of the contract to deploy
* @param {Array<any>} args list of constructor' parameters
* @param {Number} accountIndex account index from the exposed account
* @return {Contract} deployed contract
*/
export const deploy = async (contractName: string, args: Array<any>, accountIndex?: number): Promise<ethers.Contract> => {
console.log(`deploying ${contractName}`)
// Note that the script needs the ABI which is generated from the compilation artifact.
// Make sure contract is compiled and artifacts are generated
const artifactsPath = `browser/contracts/artifacts/${contractName}.json` // Change this for different path
const metadata = JSON.parse(await remix.call('fileManager', 'getFile', artifactsPath))
// 'web3Provider' is a remix global variable object
const signer = (new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(web3Provider)).getSigner(accountIndex)
const factory = new ethers.ContractFactory(metadata.abi, metadata.data.bytecode.object, signer)
const contract = await factory.deploy(...args)
// The contract is NOT deployed yet; we must wait until it is mined
await contract.deployed()
return contract
}
import Web3 from 'web3'
import { Contract, ContractSendMethod, Options } from 'web3-eth-contract'
/**
* Deploy the given contract
* @param {string} contractName name of the contract to deploy
* @param {Array<any>} args list of constructor' parameters
* @param {string} from account used to send the transaction
* @param {number} gas gas limit
* @return {Options} deployed contract
*/
export const deploy = async (contractName: string, args: Array<any>, from?: string, gas?: number): Promise<Options> => {
const web3 = new Web3(web3Provider)
console.log(`deploying ${contractName}`)
// Note that the script needs the ABI which is generated from the compilation artifact.
// Make sure contract is compiled and artifacts are generated
const artifactsPath = `browser/contracts/artifacts/${contractName}.json`
const metadata = JSON.parse(await remix.call('fileManager', 'getFile', artifactsPath))
const accounts = await web3.eth.getAccounts()
const contract: Contract = new web3.eth.Contract(metadata.abi)
const contractSend: ContractSendMethod = contract.deploy({
data: metadata.data.bytecode.object,
arguments: args
})
const newContractInstance = await contractSend.send({
from: from || accounts[0],
gas: gas || 1500000
})
return newContractInstance.options
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
import "remix_tests.sol"; // this import is automatically injected by Remix.
import "hardhat/console.sol";
import "../contracts/3_Ballot.sol";
contract BallotTest {
bytes32[] proposalNames;
Ballot ballotToTest;
function beforeAll () public {
proposalNames.push(bytes32("candidate1"));
ballotToTest = new Ballot(proposalNames);
}
function checkWinningProposal () public {
console.log("Running checkWinningProposal");
ballotToTest.vote(0);
Assert.equal(ballotToTest.winningProposal(), uint(0), "proposal at index 0 should be the winning proposal");
Assert.equal(ballotToTest.winnerName(), bytes32("candidate1"), "candidate1 should be the winner name");
}
function checkWinninProposalWithReturnValue () public view returns (bool) {
return ballotToTest.winningProposal() == 0;
}
}
// Right click on the script name and hit "Run" to execute
const { expect } = require("chai");
const { ethers } = require("hardhat");
describe("Storage", function () {
it("test initial value", async function () {
const Storage = await ethers.getContractFactory("Storage");
const storage = await Storage.deploy();
await storage.deployed();
console.log('storage deployed at:'+ storage.address)
expect((await storage.retrieve()).toNumber()).to.equal(0);
});
it("test updating and retrieving updated value", async function () {
const Storage = await ethers.getContractFactory("Storage");
const storage = await Storage.deploy();
await storage.deployed();
const storage2 = await ethers.getContractAt("Storage", storage.address);
const setValue = await storage2.store(56);
await setValue.wait();
expect((await storage2.retrieve()).toNumber()).to.equal(56);
});
});
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