Getting GCP access token from a service account key JSON file

README.md

Getting GCP access token from a service account key

Use your service account's key JSON file to get an access token to call Google APIs.

Good for seeing how things work, including the creation of JWT token.

To create a JWT token, you can replace create-jwt-token.sh script with tools like step.

If you just want to get an access token for a service account, you can do the same thing with just gcloud command. cf Authorization and authentication.

Prerequisites

• Have a GCP project and a service account.
• The service account has a permission for the request.
  • e.g. For listing buckets, "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only"
• The service account's key JSON file is downloaded (here, key.json).
• Commands available: jq, openssl

Usage

Get an access token.

$ ./get-access-token.sh /path/to/key.json "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only"
ya29...

You can call a Google API with the token. Here since we've requested storage readonly, we list buckets.

$ curl "https://www.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b?project=<your_project_id>" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29..."

References

• Using OAuth 2.0 for Server to Server Applications
• Generate JWT With Bash

create-jwt-token.sh

#!/bin/bash

set -euo pipefail

base64var() {
    printf "$1" | base64stream
}

base64stream() {
    base64 | tr '/+' '_-' | tr -d '=\n'
}

key_json_file="$1"
scope="$2"
valid_for_sec="${3:-3600}"
private_key=$(jq -r .private_key $key_json_file)
sa_email=$(jq -r .client_email $key_json_file)

header='{"alg":"RS256","typ":"JWT"}'
claim=$(cat <<EOF | jq -c .
  {
    "iss": "$sa_email",
    "scope": "$scope",
    "aud": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token",
    "exp": $(($(date +%s) + $valid_for_sec)),
    "iat": $(date +%s)
  }
EOF
)
request_body="$(base64var "$header").$(base64var "$claim")"
signature=$(openssl dgst -sha256 -sign <(echo "$private_key") <(printf "$request_body") | base64stream)

printf "$request_body.$signature"

get-access-token.sh

#!/bin/bash

set -euo pipefail

key_json_file="$1"
scope="$2"

jwt_token=$(./create-jwt-token.sh "$key_json_file" "$scope")

curl -s -X POST https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token \
    --data-urlencode 'grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer' \
    --data-urlencode "assertion=$jwt_token" \
    | jq -r .access_token

Just in case someone else comes along trying to use this, there is a small error in the create-jwt-token.sh script, missing an extra . for the jq command when setting the claim variable

claim=$(cat <<EOF | jq -c .
  {
    "iss": "$sa_email",
    "scope": "$scope",
    "aud": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token",
    "exp": $(($(date +%s) + $valid_for_sec)),
    "iat": $(date +%s)
  }
EOF
)

Thanks @mg185316 , updated the snippet. It works without it on my environment but i think it should be jq -c . anyway.

guys i simplified it a bit using base64 line wrapping

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail
key_json_file="$1"
scope="$2"
valid_for_sec="${3:-3600}"
private_key=$(jq -r .private_key $key_json_file)
sa_email=$(jq -r .client_email $key_json_file)

header='{"alg":"RS256","typ":"JWT"}'
claim=$(cat <<EOF | jq -c .
  {
    "iss": "$sa_email",
    "scope": "$scope",
    "aud": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token",
    "exp": $(($(date +%s) + $valid_for_sec)),
    "iat": $(date +%s)
  }
EOF
     )
request_body="$(echo "$header" | base64 -w0).$(echo "$claim" | base64 -w0)"
signature=$(openssl dgst -sha256 -sign <(echo "$private_key") <(printf "$request_body") | base64 -w0)
printf "$request_body.$signature"

another improvement:

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail
key_json_file="$1"
scope="$2"
valid_for_sec="${3:-3600}"
IFS="," read -r private_key sa_email <<<$(cat $1 | jq '(.private_key|@base64)+","+.client_email' -r)
header='{"alg":"RS256","typ":"JWT"}'
claim=$(cat <<EOF | jq -c .
  {
    "iss": "$sa_email",
    "scope": "$scope",
    "aud": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token",
    "exp": $(($(date +%s) + $valid_for_sec)),
    "iat": $(date +%s)
  }
EOF
     )
request_body="$(echo "$header" | base64 -w0).$(echo "$claim" | base64 -w0)"
signature=$(openssl dgst -sha256 -sign <(echo "$private_key"| base64 -d ) <(printf "$request_body") | base64 -w0)
printf "$request_body.$signature"

Good Lord, you have no idea how much time this script would've saved me if I pick my search parameters wiser ehehe
Huge thanks for sharing this!

What is the max Expiry Date for it? Is there an endless version ? or just
comment it out?

Based on the output of https://jwt.io/ the resulting JWT has syntax errors. There should be no = chars. However this helps me a lot to understand how I can build now myself the JWT without the huge google libs

This is good stuff. And also, if you don't mind delegating to a tool, you can get a GCP Access token using the gcloud command line tool, with a couple of lines:

gcloud auth activate-service-account SERVICE_ACCOUNT@DOMAIN.COM --key-file=/path/key.json
gcloud auth print-access-token

Also, more on this theme: https://github.com/DinoChiesa/get-gcp-access-token