org-link.el

(defun get-url-title (url)
  (interactive)
  (with-temp-buffer
    (call-process "curl" nil t nil "-s" url)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (let ((case-fold-search t))
      (re-search-forward "<title>\\([^<]*\\)</title>" nil t)
      (match-string 1)
      )))

(defun org-set-link-title-maybe ()
  (let* ((elem (org-element-context))
         (type (org-element-type elem))
         (schema (org-element-property :type elem))
         (url (org-element-property :raw-link elem))
         (begin (org-element-property :begin elem))
         (end (org-element-property :end elem))
         (no-content (eq (org-element-property :contents-begin elem) nil))
         )
    (when (and (eq type 'link)
               (or (string= schema "http") (string= schema "https"))
               no-content)
      (goto-char end)
      (insert (concat "][" (get-url-title url) "]]"))
      (goto-char begin)
      (insert "[[")
      )))
(add-hook 'org-ctrl-c-ctrl-c-hook 'org-set-link-title-maybe)

Set a title of a Web page to a plain URL text