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@santiago
Created July 14, 2015 13:44
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/*
Liquid flow rate sensor -DIYhacking.com Arvind Sanjeev
Measure the liquid/water flow rate using this code.
Connect Vcc and Gnd of sensor to arduino, and the
signal line to arduino digital pin 2.
*/
byte statusLed = 13;
byte sensorInterrupt = 0; // 0 = digital pin 2
byte sensorPin = 2;
// The hall-effect flow sensor outputs approximately 4.5 pulses per second per
// litre/minute of flow.
float calibrationFactor = 4.5;
volatile byte pulseCount;
float flowRate;
unsigned int flowMilliLitres;
unsigned long totalMilliLitres;
unsigned long oldTime;
void setup()
{
// Initialize a serial connection for reporting values to the host
Serial.begin(38400);
// Set up the status LED line as an output
pinMode(statusLed, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(statusLed, HIGH); // We have an active-low LED attached
pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT);
digitalWrite(sensorPin, HIGH);
pulseCount = 0;
flowRate = 0.0;
flowMilliLitres = 0;
totalMilliLitres = 0;
oldTime = 0;
// The Hall-effect sensor is connected to pin 2 which uses interrupt 0.
// Configured to trigger on a FALLING state change (transition from HIGH
// state to LOW state)
attachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt, pulseCounter, FALLING);
}
/**
* Main program loop
*/
void loop()
{
if((millis() - oldTime) > 1000) // Only process counters once per second
{
// Disable the interrupt while calculating flow rate and sending the value to
// the host
detachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt);
// Because this loop may not complete in exactly 1 second intervals we calculate
// the number of milliseconds that have passed since the last execution and use
// that to scale the output. We also apply the calibrationFactor to scale the output
// based on the number of pulses per second per units of measure (litres/minute in
// this case) coming from the sensor.
flowRate = ((1000.0 / (millis() - oldTime)) * pulseCount) / calibrationFactor;
// Note the time this processing pass was executed. Note that because we've
// disabled interrupts the millis() function won't actually be incrementing right
// at this point, but it will still return the value it was set to just before
// interrupts went away.
oldTime = millis();
// Divide the flow rate in litres/minute by 60 to determine how many litres have
// passed through the sensor in this 1 second interval, then multiply by 1000 to
// convert to millilitres.
flowMilliLitres = (flowRate / 60) * 1000;
// Add the millilitres passed in this second to the cumulative total
totalMilliLitres += flowMilliLitres;
unsigned int frac;
// Print the flow rate for this second in litres / minute
Serial.print("Flow rate: ");
Serial.print(int(flowRate)); // Print the integer part of the variable
Serial.print("."); // Print the decimal point
// Determine the fractional part. The 10 multiplier gives us 1 decimal place.
frac = (flowRate - int(flowRate)) * 10;
Serial.print(frac, DEC) ; // Print the fractional part of the variable
Serial.print("L/min");
// Print the number of litres flowed in this second
Serial.print(" Current Liquid Flowing: "); // Output separator
Serial.print(flowMilliLitres);
Serial.print("mL/Sec");
// Print the cumulative total of litres flowed since starting
Serial.print(" Output Liquid Quantity: "); // Output separator
Serial.print(totalMilliLitres);
Serial.println("mL");
// Reset the pulse counter so we can start incrementing again
pulseCount = 0;
// Enable the interrupt again now that we've finished sending output
attachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt, pulseCounter, FALLING);
}
}
/*
Insterrupt Service Routine
*/
void pulseCounter()
{
// Increment the pulse counter
pulseCount++;
}
@santiago
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  1. El loop se ejecuta si han pasado al menos 1001 milisegundo (1 seg) desde la última pasada. Esto se hace porque el sensor reporta datos cada 1 segundo.
    L58:
    if((millis() - oldTime) > 1000)

  2. Cuando entra al loop se “cierra” la interrupción de manera que el sensor no reporte más datos durante la ejecución del loop actual.
    L62:
    detachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt);

    Debido a que cuando esto ocurre el arduino detiene el contador de tiempo, --o sea el valor de millis() ya no cambia-- la pequeña cantidad de flujo que no se cuenta durante este instante no importa.

  3. El sensor envía 4.5 pulsos por segundo por cada litro por minuto de flujo.
    L17:

    // The hall-effect flow sensor outputs approximately 4.5 pulses per second per
    // litre/minute of flow.
    float calibrationFactor = 4.5;
    

    Esto quiere decir q si el flujo es de 1 lt/minuto en un instante(segundo) dado entonces la variable pulseCount debe tener el valor de 4.5. Esto es en teoría, en realidad el pulseCount sólo aumenta de a 1, o sea su valor siempre es un entero, es decir, 1,2,3,4,5 …

    L119:
    pulseCount++

    Si por ej. durante el último segundo (o el loop actual) el pulseCount tiene un valor de 6.0, eso significa que durante ese “instante” el flujo es de 6.0/4.5 = 1.34 lt/minuto.
    Es decir: pulseCount / calibrationFactor .

  4. Como el loop se ejecuta si han transcurrido al menos 1001 milisegundos, entonces debemos ajustar el valor pulseCount / calibrationFactor para que se “sincronice” con el segundo actual. Esto se hace dividiendo este valor por el tiempo que tomó el loop, o sea

    (1000.0 / (millis() - oldTime)) en

    L69:
    flowRate = ((1000.0 / (millis() - oldTime)) * pulseCount) / calibrationFactor;

    Se sabe que este valor siempre es mayor que 1001, o sea que la división anterior dará un número menor que 1, sólo un poquito menor que uno, porque seguro que en cada loop el valor de millis() - oldTime - 1000 es muy pequeño, yo diría q es menor que 10.

  5. Al final del loop se “abre” la interrupción de manera que el sensor comience a reportar datos nuevamente.
    L109:
    attachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt, pulseCounter, FALLING);

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