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Debugging CMake Ninja generation for Fortran modules
Raw
README.md

CMake 3.27.x Ninja Fortran module bug

Since CMake 3.27.0, Ninja for Fortran modules doesn't get the module dependencies correct. As a Fortran project gets more modules, this will be seen more commonly depending on how many parallel workers build. This works fine with CMake 3.26.5 and earlier.

The symptoms is that while building a Fortran project, regardless of compiler, OS, or Ninja version, the dependencies between modules is not detected correctly and so for this example say "m2" tries to build before "m1", so "m2.f90" fails to build as it's missing module "m1.mod" that should have been built first from "m1.f90"

CMake 3.27.1 partly fixed this via https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/cmake/-/merge_requests/8651 but the issue still remains (though less noticable than in CMake 3.27.0, it still breaks Fortran projects with multiple Fortran modules, which is common).

I have included the "build.ninja" generated by CMake 3.26.5 and CMake 3.27.4 for comparison. These happened to be on Windows, using the Kitware downloads (NOT the MSYS2-patched CMake).

cmake -Bbuild -G Ninja
cmake --build build

Depending on number of CPU cores i.e. Ninja workers, the build errors result. To reproduce I run cmake --build build --clean-first a few times and it happens more than 50% of the time on a quad-core CPU laptop. For a bigger laptop with 8 CPUs or a workstation with 64 CPUs, build errors happen nearly 100% of the time.

For one experienced with Ninja generation from CMake, perhaps the "build.ninja" file differences help reveal the core issue behind this bug.

Raw
cmake-3.26.5-build.ninja
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Raw
CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(LotOfModules LANGUAGES Fortran)
message(STATUS "CMake ${CMAKE_VERSION}")
add_library(m1 OBJECT m1.f90)
add_library(m2 OBJECT m2.f90)
target_link_libraries(m2 PRIVATE m1)
add_library(m3 OBJECT m3.f90)
target_link_libraries(m3 PRIVATE m2)
add_library(m4 OBJECT m4.f90)
target_link_libraries(m4 PRIVATE m3)
add_executable(main main.f90)
target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE m4 m3 m2 m1)
Raw
m1.f90
module m1
implicit none
contains
pure real function pi()
pi = 4*atan(1.)
end function
end module m1
Raw
m2.f90
module m2
use m1, only : pi
implicit none
contains
pure real function twopi()
twopi = 2*pi()
end function
end module
Raw
m3.f90
module m3
use m2, only : twopi
implicit none
contains
pure real function fourpi()
fourpi = 2*twopi()
end function
end module
Raw
m4.f90
module m4
use m3, only : fourpi
implicit none
contains
pure real function halfpi()
halfpi = fourpi() / 8.0
end function
end module
Raw
main.f90
program main
use m1, only : pi
use m4, only : halfpi
implicit none
real :: rpi, rhalfpi
rpi = pi() / 2
rhalfpi = halfpi()
print '(a,ES15.8)', 'floating point precision loss: ', rpi - rhalfpi
end program
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