Sobel Edge detection

edgedetection.cpp

#include <initializer_list>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>

template <typename T>
class Matrix
{
public:
    std::vector<T> m_vec;
    const int m_rowNum;

    Matrix(const Matrix& m) : m_rowNum(m.m_rowNum), m_vec(m.m_vec) {};

    Matrix(const int m, const int n) : m_vec(m * n, 0), m_rowNum(n) {};

    Matrix(const std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<T>>& il) : m_rowNum(il.size())
    {
        int row_s = 0;
        for (const auto& ix : il) {
            int col_s = 0;
            for (const auto& iy : ix) {
                m_vec.push_back(iy);
                col_s++;
            }
            row_s++;
        }
    }

    const int get_rows() const { return m_rowNum; };
    const int get_cols() const { return m_vec.size() / m_rowNum; };
    
    T& operator()(const int col, const int row)
    {
        return el(col, row);
    }

    const T& operator()(const int col, const int row) const
    {
        return el(col, row);
    }

    T& el(const int col, const int row)
    {
        return m_vec[row * get_cols() + col];
    }

    const T& el(const int col, const int row) const
    {
        return m_vec[row * get_cols() + col];
    }

    void el(const int col, const int row, const T val)
    {
        m_vec[row * get_cols() + col] = val;
    }

    const Matrix<T> operator+(const Matrix<T>& other) const
    {
        Matrix<T> result = *this;
        result += other;
        return result;
    }

    Matrix<T>& operator+=(const Matrix<T>& other)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] += other.m_vec[i];
        }

        return *this;
    }

    template <typename U>
    const Matrix<T> operator*(const U other) const
    {
        Matrix<T> result = *this;
        result *= other;
        return result;
    }

    Matrix<T>& operator*=(const Matrix<T>& other)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] *= other.m_vec[i];
        }

        return *this;
    }

    Matrix<T>& operator*=(const T other)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] *= other;
        }

        return *this;
    }

    const Matrix<T> operator/(const Matrix<T>& other) const
    {
        Matrix<T> result = *this;
        result /= other;
        return result;
    }

    Matrix<T>& operator/=(const Matrix<T>& other) const
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] /= other.m_vec[i];
        }
        
        return *this;
    }

    const Matrix<T> operator^(const int val) const
    {
        Matrix<T> result = *this;
        result ^= val;
        return result;
    }

    Matrix& operator^=(const int val)
    {
        T temp;
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            temp = m_vec[i];
            for (int j = 1; j < val; j++)
                m_vec[i] *= temp;
        }

        return *this;
    }

    Matrix& operator=(const T val)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] = val;
        }

        return *this;
    }

    const Matrix<double> sqrt() const
    {
        Matrix<double> result (get_cols(), get_rows());
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            result.m_vec[i] = std::sqrt(m_vec[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    const Matrix<int> round() const
    {
        Matrix<int> result (get_cols(), get_rows());
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            result.m_vec[i] = static_cast<int>(std::round(m_vec[i]));
        }
        return result;
    }

    Matrix& threshold(const T val)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            if (m_vec[i] > val)
                m_vec[i] = val;
        }

        return *this;
    }

    void double_threshold(const T separator, const T val1, const T val2)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            if (m_vec[i] < separator) {
                m_vec[i] = val1;
            }
            else {
                m_vec[i] = val2;
            }
        }
    }

    const T max()
    {
        T result = std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            if (m_vec[i] > result)
                result = m_vec[i];
        }
        return result;
    }

    Matrix& normalize(const T val)
    {
        T max_val = max();
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] *= val / max_val;
        }

        return *this;
    }

    template <typename U>
    const Matrix<double> atan2(const Matrix<U>& x) const
    {
        Matrix<double> result (get_cols(), get_rows());
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            result.m_vec[i] = std::atan2(m_vec[i], x.m_vec[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    template <typename U>
    const Matrix<U> cast()
    {
        Matrix<U> result (get_cols(), get_rows());
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            result.m_vec[i] = static_cast<U>(m_vec[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    const T sum() const
    {
        T result = 0;
        for (auto& el : m_vec) {
            result += el;
        }
        return result;
    }

    template <typename U>
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Matrix<U>&);  
};

template <typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Matrix<T>& m) {
    for (int i = 0; i < m.get_rows(); i++) {
        os << "[ ";
        for (int j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); j++) {
            os << m(j, i) << " ";
        }
        os << "]" << std::endl;
    }

    return os;
}

matrix.h

#include <initializer_list>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>

template <typename T>
class Matrix
{
public:
    std::vector<T> m_vec;
    const int m_rowNum;

    Matrix(const Matrix& m) : m_rowNum(m.m_rowNum), m_vec(m.m_vec) {};

    Matrix(const int m, const int n) : m_vec(m * n, 0), m_rowNum(n) {};

    Matrix(const std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<T>>& il) : m_rowNum(il.size())
    {
        int row_s = 0;
        for (const auto& ix : il) {
            int col_s = 0;
            for (const auto& iy : ix) {
                m_vec.push_back(iy);
                col_s++;
            }
            row_s++;
        }
    }

    const int get_rows() const { return m_rowNum; };
    const int get_cols() const { return m_vec.size() / m_rowNum; };
    
    T& operator()(const int col, const int row)
    {
        return el(col, row);
    }

    const T& operator()(const int col, const int row) const
    {
        return el(col, row);
    }

    T& el(const int col, const int row)
    {
        return m_vec[row * get_cols() + col];
    }

    const T& el(const int col, const int row) const
    {
        return m_vec[row * get_cols() + col];
    }

    void el(const int col, const int row, const T val)
    {
        m_vec[row * get_cols() + col] = val;
    }

    const Matrix<T> operator+(const Matrix<T>& other) const
    {
        Matrix<T> result = *this;
        result += other;
        return result;
    }

    Matrix<T>& operator+=(const Matrix<T>& other)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] += other.m_vec[i];
        }

        return *this;
    }

    template <typename U>
    const Matrix<T> operator*(const U other) const
    {
        Matrix<T> result = *this;
        result *= other;
        return result;
    }

    Matrix<T>& operator*=(const Matrix<T>& other)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] *= other.m_vec[i];
        }

        return *this;
    }

    Matrix<T>& operator*=(const T other)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] *= other;
        }

        return *this;
    }

    const Matrix<T> operator/(const Matrix<T>& other) const
    {
        Matrix<T> result = *this;
        result /= other;
        return result;
    }

    Matrix<T>& operator/=(const Matrix<T>& other) const
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] /= other.m_vec[i];
        }
        
        return *this;
    }

    const Matrix<T> operator^(const int val) const
    {
        Matrix<T> result = *this;
        result ^= val;
        return result;
    }

    Matrix& operator^=(const int val)
    {
        T temp;
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            temp = m_vec[i];
            for (int j = 1; j < val; j++)
                m_vec[i] *= temp;
        }

        return *this;
    }

    Matrix& operator=(const T val)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] = val;
        }

        return *this;
    }

    const Matrix<double> sqrt() const
    {
        Matrix<double> result (get_cols(), get_rows());
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            result.m_vec[i] = std::sqrt(m_vec[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    const Matrix<int> round() const
    {
        Matrix<int> result (get_cols(), get_rows());
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            result.m_vec[i] = static_cast<int>(std::round(m_vec[i]));
        }
        return result;
    }

    Matrix& threshold(const T val)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            if (m_vec[i] > val)
                m_vec[i] = val;
        }

        return *this;
    }

    void double_threshold(const T separator, const T val1, const T val2)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            if (m_vec[i] < separator) {
                m_vec[i] = val1;
            }
            else {
                m_vec[i] = val2;
            }
        }
    }

    const T max()
    {
        T result = std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            if (m_vec[i] > result)
                result = m_vec[i];
        }
        return result;
    }

    Matrix& normalize(const T val)
    {
        T max_val = max();
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            m_vec[i] *= val / max_val;
        }

        return *this;
    }

    template <typename U>
    const Matrix<double> atan2(const Matrix<U>& x) const
    {
        Matrix<double> result (get_cols(), get_rows());
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            result.m_vec[i] = std::atan2(m_vec[i], x.m_vec[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    template <typename U>
    const Matrix<U> cast()
    {
        Matrix<U> result (get_cols(), get_rows());
        for (int i = 0; i < m_vec.size(); i++) {
            result.m_vec[i] = static_cast<U>(m_vec[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    const T sum() const
    {
        T result = 0;
        for (auto& el : m_vec) {
            result += el;
        }
        return result;
    }

    template <typename U>
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Matrix<U>&);  
};

template <typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Matrix<T>& m) {
    for (int i = 0; i < m.get_rows(); i++) {
        os << "[ ";
        for (int j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); j++) {
            os << m(j, i) << " ";
        }
        os << "]" << std::endl;
    }

    return os;
}