brighter planet api gem (aka "carbon") - flattened

.gitignore

Gemfile.lock
.DS_Store
.rvmrc
.yardoc/
doc/
*.gem

.yardopts

--no-private
--readme README.markdown

2006_Altima.yml

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2006_Altima_in_2010.yml

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        ALTIMA"}},"methodology":"from make and model"}},"emitter":"Automobile","equivalents":{"cars_off_the_road_for_a_year":0.8227837680786138,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_month":9.86436363707437,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_week":42.744068830677435,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_day":300.0267447928861,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_year":1.6455675361572275,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_month":19.72872727414874,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_week":85.48813766135487,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_day":600.0534895857722,"one_way_domestic_flight":14.692567287118102,"round_trip_domestic_flight":7.346283643559051,"one_way_cross_country_flight":5.1627421051965765,"round_trip_cross_country_flight":2.5813710525982883,"vegan_meals_instead_of_non_vegan_ones":3637.820890021294,"days_of_veganism":1212.6069633404313,"weeks_of_veganism":173.22762871008968,"months_of_veganism":40.42038280434552,"years_of_veganism":3.32278060185594,"barrels_of_petroleum":10.515357387642064,"canisters_of_bbq_propane":188.36775420072308,"railroad_cars_full_of_coal":0.022603949672489392,"homes_energy_in_a_year":0.4385166236462941,"homes_energy_in_a_month":5.2395955340830405,"homes_energy_in_a_week":22.698886261113845,"homes_energy_in_a_day":159.3442828212467,"homes_electricity_in_a_year":0.664556120371188,"homes_electricity_in_a_month":7.9520694947817665,"homes_electricity_in_a_week":34.45746088074283,"homes_electricity_in_a_day":241.85774070570196,"homes_with_lowered_thermostat_2_degrees_for_a_winter":23.72962636617936,"homes_with_raised_thermostat_3_degrees_for_a_summer":10.669064245414992,"replaced_refrigerators":4.552435464039363,"loads_of_cold_laundry":2073.062473943216,"lightbulbs_for_a_year":8.345378219083083,"lightbulbs_for_a_month":101.55954587849482,"lightbulbs_for_a_week":435.25261331358666,"lightbulbs_for_a_day":3046.7818555649105,"lightbulbs_for_an_evening":18280.695654179395,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_day":51860.13323463397,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_week":7408.589170436301,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_month":1728.6732175231018,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_year":142.0839068513338,"days_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":1152.448811682068,"weeks_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":164.6336070446092,"months_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":38.41315207342846,"years_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":3.155511374279519,"recycled_kgs_of_trash":3117.785382276134,"recycled_bags_of_trash":1727.5520616193464},"methodology":"http://impact.brighterplanet.com/automobiles?automobile_fuel%5Bcode%5D=R&make=Nissan&model=Altima&timeframe=2011-01-01%2F2012-01-01&year=2006","scope":"The
        automobile emission estimate is the total anthropogenic emissions from fuel
        and air conditioning used by the automobile during the timeframe. It includes
        CO2 emissions from combustion of non-biogenic fuel, CH4 and N2O emissions
        from combustion of all fuel, and fugitive HFC emissions from air conditioning.","timeframe":"2011-01-01/2012-01-01","characteristics":{"make":{"description":"Nissan","object":{"automobile_make":{"fuel_efficiency":11.9656,"fuel_efficiency_units":"kilometres_per_litre","name":"Nissan"}}},"model":{"description":"ALTIMA","object":{"automobile_model":{"name":"ALTIMA"}}},"year":{"description":2006,"object":{"automobile_year":{"year":2006}}},"automobile_fuel":{"description":"regular
        gasoline","object":{"automobile_fuel":{"annual_distance":17845.6,"annual_distance_units":"kilometres","base_fuel_name":"Motor
        Gasoline","blend_fuel_name":null,"blend_portion":null,"ch4_emission_factor":0.00246629,"ch4_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_co2e_per_litre","co2_biogenic_emission_factor":0.0,"co2_biogenic_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","co2_emission_factor":2.34183,"co2_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","code":"R","distance_key":"gasoline","ef_key":"gasoline","emission_factor":2.45717,"emission_factor_units":"kilograms_co2e_per_litre","energy_content":34.6272,"energy_content_units":"megajoules_per_litre","hfc_emission_factor":0.104517,"hfc_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_co2e_per_litre","n2o_emission_factor":0.00835515,"n2o_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_co2e_per_litre","name":"regular
        gasoline"}}}},"errors":["API key \"carbon_test\" could not be verified. Please
        register at http://keys.brighterplanet.com"]}'
    http_version: '1.1'
  recorded_at: Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:06:19 GMT
recorded_with: VCR 2.2.0

README.markdown

Carbon

Carbon is a Ruby API client and command-line console for the Brighter Planet impact estimate web service, which is located at http://impact.brighterplanet.com. By querying the web service, it can estimate the carbon emissions, energy usage, and other environmental impacts of many real-life objects, such as cars and houses, based on particular characteristics that they may have.

Full documentation: RDoc

Quick start 1: experimenting with the console

You'll need a Brighter Planet API key. See the "API keys" section below for details.

First get the gem:

$ gem install carbon

Then start the console:

$ carbon
carbon->

Provide your key:

carbon-> key '123ABC'
  => Using key 123ABC

Start a flight calculation:

carbon-> flight
  => 1210.66889895298 kg CO2e
flight*>

Start providing characteristics:

flight*> origin_airport 'jfk'
  => 1593.46008200024 kg CO2e
flight*> destination_airport 'lax'
  => 1766.55536727522 kg CO2e

Review what you've entered:

flight*> characteristics
  => origin_airport: jfk
     destination_airport: lax

See how the calculation's being made:

flight*> methodology
  => emission: from fuel and passengers with coefficients
     [ ... ]
     cohort: from t100

See intermediate calculations:

flight*> reports
  => emission: 1766.55536727522
     [ ... ]
     cohort: {"members"=>262}

Generate a methodology URL:

flight*> url
  => http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights.json?origin_airport=jfk&destination_airport=lax&key=123ABC

And when you're done:

flight*> done
  => Saved as flight #0
carbon->

You can recall this flight anytime during this same session:

carbon-> flight 0
  => 1766.55536727522 kg CO2e
flight*> characteristics
  => origin_airport: jfk
     destination_airport: lax

For more, see the "Console" section below.

Quick start 2: using the library in your application

You'll need a Brighter Planet API key. See the "API keys" section below for details.

Carbon works by extending any Ruby class to be an emission source. You include Carbon and then use the emit_as DSL...

# see Carbon::ClassMethods#emit_as for more details
class MyFlight
  def airline
    # ... => MyAirline(:name, :icao_code, ...)
  end
  def aircraft
    # ... => MyAircraft(:name, :icao_code, ...)
  end
  def origin
    # ... => String
  end
  def destination
    # ... => String
  end
  def segments_per_trip
    # ... => Integer
  end
  def trips
    # ... => Integer
  end
  include Carbon
  emit_as 'Flight' do
    provide :segments_per_trip
    provide :trips
    provide :origin, :as => :origin_airport, :key => :iata_code
    provide :destination, :as => :destination_airport, :key => :iata_code
    provide(:airline, :key => :iata_code) { |f| f.airline.try(:iata_code) }
    provide(:aircraft, :key => :icao_code) { { |f| f.aircraft.try(:icao_code) }
  end
end

See RDoc on Carbon::ClassMethods#emit_as for all the details.

The final URL will be something like

http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights.json?segments_per_trip=1&trips=1&origin_airport[iata_code]=MSN&destination_airport[iata_code]=ORD&airline[iata_code]=UA&aircraft[icao_code]=B737

When you want to calculate impacts, simply call MyFlight#impact.

?> my_flight = MyFlight.new([...])
=> #<MyFlight [...]>
?> my_impact = my_flight.impact(:timeframe => Timeframe.new(:year => 2009))
=> #<Hashie::Mash [...]>
?> my_impact.decisions.carbon.object.value
=> 1014.92
?> my_impact.decisions.carbon.object.units
=> "kilograms"
?> my_impact.methodology
=> "http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights?[...]"

See RDoc on Carbon#impact for all the details.

API keys

You should get an API key from http://keys.brighterplanet.com and set it globally:

Carbon.key = '12903019230128310293'

Now all of your queries will use that key.

Gotcha: timeframes and 0.0kg results

You submit this query about a flight in 2009, but the result is 0.0 kilograms. Why?

$ carbon carbon-> flight [...] flight*> date '2009-05-03' => 0.0 kg CO2e flight*> url => http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights?date=2009-05-03

It's telling you that a flight in 2009 did not result in any 2011 emissions (the default timeframe is the current year).

flight*> timeframe '2009' => 847.542137647608 kg CO2e flight*> url => http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights?date=2009-05-03&timeframe=2009-01-01/2010-01-01

So, 850 kilograms emitted in 2009.

Console

This library includes a special console for performing calculations interactively. Quick Start #1 provides an example session. Here is a command reference:

Shell mode

help : Displays a list of emitter types.

key yourkey : Set the developer key that should be used for this session. Alternatively, put this key in ~/.brighter_planet and it will be auto-selected on console startup.

emitter : (e.g. flight) Enters emitter mode using this emitter type.

emitter num : (e.g. flight 0) Recalls a previous emitter from this session.

exit : Quits.

Emitter mode

In Emitter mode, the prompt displays the emitter type in use. If a timeframe has been set, the timeframe is also included in the prompt.

help : Displays a list of characteristics for this emitter type.

characteristic value : (e.g. origin_airport 'lax') : Provide a characteristic. Remember, this is Ruby we're dealing with, so strings must be quoted.

timeframe : Display the current timeframe in effect on the emission estimate.

timeframe timeframe : (e.g. timeframe '2009-01-01/2010-01-01' or just timeframe '2009') Set a timeframe on the emission estimate.

emission : Displays the current emission in kilograms CO2e for this emitter.

lbs, pounds, or tons : Display the emission using different units.

characteristics : Lists the characteristics you have provided so far.

methodology : Summarizes how the calculation is being made.

reports : Displays intermediate calculations that were made in pursuit of the emission estimate.

url : Generates a methodology URL suitable for pasting into your browser for further inspection.

done : Saves this emitter and returns to shell mode.

Copyright

Copyright (c) 2012 Brighter Planet.

avro_helper.rb

require 'hashie/mash'
require 'avro'
require 'multi_json'
require 'active_support/core_ext'

module AvroHelper
  SCALAR = ['boolean', 'int', 'float', 'string' ]
  OPTIONAL_SCALAR = SCALAR + [ 'null' ]
  OPTIONAL_STRING = ['string', 'null']
  
  def AvroHelper.api_paths(schema, parents = nil, last_type = nil, &blk)
    return unless schema.is_a?(::Hash)
    
    schema = ::Hashie::Mash.new(schema) unless schema.is_a?(::Hashie::Mash)

    my_name = schema.name

    my_type = if schema.type == 'record'
      my_schema = schema
      schema.type
    elsif schema.type.is_a?(::Hash)
      my_schema = schema.type
      schema.type.type
    end

    nested_schemas = if my_schema
      case my_type
      when 'array'
        my_schema.items
      when 'map'
        my_schema.values
      when 'record'
        my_schema.fields
      end
    end
    nested_schemas = Array.wrap nested_schemas

    # if the last type was enumerable, then i'm anonymous
    me = case last_type
    when 'array'
      '[]'
    when 'map'
      '{}'
    when NilClass
      nil
    else
      my_name
    end

    nested_schemas.each { |x| api_paths(x, [parents, me].flatten.compact, my_type, &blk) }

    # don't try to print the top leve which will be 'v2' depending on the api version number
    return unless parents

    if my_name.present? and nested_schemas.none? { |x| x.is_a?(::Hash) }
      children = case my_type
      when 'array'
        '[]'
      when 'map'
        '{}'
      end
      blk.call [parents, me, children].flatten.compact.join('.')
    end
  end

  def AvroHelper.recursively_stringify_keys(hash)
    hash.inject({}) do |result, (key, value)|
      new_key   = case key
                  when ::Symbol then key.to_s
                  else key
                  end
      new_value = case value
                  when ::Hash then recursively_stringify_keys(value)
                  when ::Array then value.map { |i| i.is_a?(::Hash) ? recursively_stringify_keys(i) : i }
                  else value
                  end
      result[new_key] = new_value
      result
    end
  end
end

carbon

#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'rubygems'

$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path('../../lib', __FILE__)) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(File.expand_path('../../lib', __FILE__))
require 'carbon/shell'

Bombshell.launch(Carbon::Shell)

carbon.gemspec

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
require File.expand_path('../lib/carbon/version', __FILE__)

Gem::Specification.new do |s|
  s.name        = 'carbon'
  s.version     = Carbon::VERSION
  s.author      = 'Seamus Abshere'
  s.email       = ['seamus@abshere.net', 'dkastner@gmail.com', 'andy@rossmeissl.net']
  s.summary     = 'Brighter Planet API client for Ruby'
  s.description = 'Brighter Planet API client for Ruby'
  s.homepage    = 'https://github.com/brighterplanet/carbon'

  s.executables   = `git ls-files -- bin/*`.split("\n").map{ |f| File.basename(f) }
  s.files         = `git ls-files`.split("\n")
  s.test_files    = `git ls-files -- {test,spec,features}/*`.split("\n")
  s.require_paths = ["lib"]

  s.add_runtime_dependency 'activesupport'
  s.add_runtime_dependency 'bombshell'
  s.add_runtime_dependency 'brighter_planet_metadata'
  s.add_runtime_dependency 'cache_method'
  s.add_runtime_dependency 'celluloid', '>=0.11.0'
  s.add_runtime_dependency 'conversions'
  s.add_runtime_dependency 'hashie'
  s.add_runtime_dependency 'multi_json'

  s.add_development_dependency 'aruba'
  s.add_development_dependency 'avro'
  s.add_development_dependency 'cucumber'
  s.add_development_dependency 'fakeweb'
  s.add_development_dependency 'rake'
  s.add_development_dependency 'rspec'
  s.add_development_dependency 'timeframe'
  s.add_development_dependency 'vcr'
  s.add_development_dependency 'yard'
end

carbon.rb

require 'active_support/core_ext'

require 'carbon/query'
require 'carbon/query_pool'
require 'carbon/registry'

module Carbon
  DOMAIN = 'http://impact.brighterplanet.com'.freeze
  CONCURRENCY = 16

  # @private
  # Make sure there are no warnings about class vars.
  @@key = nil unless defined?(@@key)

  # @private
  # Make sure there are no warnings about class vars.
  @@domain = nil unless defined?(@@domain)

  # Set the Brighter Planet API key that you can get from http://keys.brighterplanet.com
  #
  # @param [String] key The alphanumeric key.
  #
  # @return [nil]
  def Carbon.key=(key)
    @@key = key
    nil
  end

  # Get the key you've set.
  #
  # @return [String] The key you set.
  def Carbon.key
    @@key
  end

  # Set an alternate API endpoint. You probably shouldn't do this.
  #
  # @param [String] domain ("http://impact.brighterplanet.com") The API endpoint
  #
  # @return [nil]
  def Carbon.domain=(domain)
    @@domain = domain
    nil
  end

  # Where we send queries.
  #
  # @return [String] The API endpoint.
  def Carbon.domain
    @@domain || DOMAIN
  end

  # Get impact estimates from Brighter Planet CM1; low-level method that does _not_ require you to define {Carbon::ClassMethods#emit_as} blocks; just pass emitter/param or objects that respond to +#as_impact_query+.
  #
  # Return values are {http://rdoc.info/github/intridea/hashie/Hashie/Mash Hashie::Mash} objects because they are a simple way to access a deeply nested response.
  #
  # Here's a map of what's included in a response:
  #
  #     certification
  #     characteristics.{}.description
  #     characteristics.{}.object
  #     compliance.[]
  #     decisions.{}.description
  #     decisions.{}.methodology
  #     decisions.{}.object
  #     emitter
  #     equivalents.{}
  #     errors.[]
  #     methodology
  #     scope
  #     timeframe.endDate
  #     timeframe.startDate
  #
  # @overload query(emitter, params)
  #   The simplest form.
  #   @param [String] emitter The {http://impact.brighterplanet.com/emitters.json emitter name}.
  #   @param [optional, Hash] params Characteristics like airline/airport/etc., your API key (if you didn't set it globally), timeframe, compliance, etc.
  #   @option params [Timeframe] :timeframe (Timeframe.this_year) What time period to focus the calculation on. See {https://github.com/rossmeissl/timeframe timeframe} documentation.
  #   @option params [Array<Symbol>] :comply ([]) What {http://impact.brighterplanet.com/protocols.json calculation protocols} to require.
  #   @option params [String, Numeric] <i>characteristic</i> Pieces of data about an emitter. The {http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights/options Flight characteristics API} lists valid keys like +:aircraft+, +:origin_airport+, etc.
  #   @return [Hashie::Mash] The API response, contained in an easy-to-use +Hashie::Mash+
  #
  # @overload query(obj)
  #   Pass in a single query-able object.
  #   @param [#as_impact_query] obj An object that responds to +#as_impact_query+, generally because you've declared {Carbon::ClassMethods#emit_as} on its parent class.
  #   @return [Hashie::Mash] The API response, contained in an easy-to-use +Hashie::Mash+
  #
  # @overload query(array)
  #   Get impact estimates for multiple query-able objects concurrently.
  #   @param [Array<Array, #as_impact_query>] array An array of plain queries and/or objects that respond to +#as_impact_query+.
  #   @return [Hash{Object => Hashie::Mash}] A +Hash+ of +Hashie::Mash+ objects, keyed on the original query object.
  #
  # @note We make up to 16 requests concurrently (hardcoded, per the Brighter Planet Terms of Service) and it can be more than 90% faster than running queries serially!
  #
  # @note +[emitter, params]+ is called a "plain query."
  #
  # @raise [ArgumentError] If your arguments don't match any of the method signatures.
  #
  # @raise [ArgumentError] If you try to pass a block - you probably want +Carbon.query(array).each {}+ or something.
  #
  # @example A flight taken in 2009
  #   Carbon.query('Flight', :origin_airport => 'MSN', :destination_airport => 'ORD', :date => '2009-01-01', :timeframe => Timeframe.new(:year => 2009), :comply => [:tcr])
  #
  # @example How do I use a +Hashie::Mash+?
  #   1.8.7 :001 > require 'rubygems'
  #    => true 
  #   1.8.7 :002 > require 'hashie/mash'
  #    => true 
  #   1.8.7 :003 > mash = Hashie::Mash.new(:hello => 'world')
  #    => #<Hashie::Mash hello="world"> 
  #   1.8.7 :004 > mash.hello
  #    => "world" 
  #   1.8.7 :005 > mash['hello']
  #    => "world" 
  #   1.8.7 :006 > mash[:hello]
  #    => "world" 
  #   1.8.7 :007 > mash.keys
  #    => ["hello"] 
  #
  # @example Other examples of what's in the response
  #   my_impact.carbon.object.value
  #   my_impact.characteristics.airline.description
  #   my_impact.equivalents.lightbulbs_for_a_week
  #
  # @example Flights and cars (concurrently, as arrays)
  #   queries = [
  #     ['Flight', {:origin_airport => 'MSN', :destination_airport => 'ORD', :date => '2009-01-01', :timeframe => Timeframe.new(:year => 2009), :comply => [:tcr]}],
  #     ['Flight', {:origin_airport => 'SFO', :destination_airport => 'LAX', :date => '2011-09-29', :timeframe => Timeframe.new(:year => 2011), :comply => [:iso]}],
  #     ['Automobile', {:make => 'Nissan', :model => 'Altima', :timeframe => Timeframe.new(:year => 2008), :comply => [:tcr]}]
  #   ]
  #   Carbon.query(queries)
  #
  # @example Flights and cars (concurrently, as query-able objects)
  #   Carbon.query(MyFlight.all+MyCar.all).each do |car_or_flight, impact|
  #     puts "Carbon emitter by #{car_or_flight} was #{impact.decisions.carbon.object.value.round(1)}"
  #   end
  def Carbon.query(*args)
    raise ::ArgumentError, "Don't pass a block directly - instead use Carbon.query(array).each (for example)." if block_given?
    Query.perform(*args)
  end

  # Called when you +include Carbon+ and adds the class method +emit_as+.
  # @private
  def Carbon.included(klass)
    klass.extend ClassMethods
  end

  # Mixed into any class that includes +Carbon+.
  module ClassMethods
    # DSL for declaring how to represent this class an an emitter.
    #
    # See also {Carbon::Registry::Registrar#provide}.
    #
    # You get this when you +include Carbon+ in a class.
    #
    # @param [String] emitter The {http://impact.brighterplanet.com/emitters.json camelcased emitter name}.
    #
    # @return [nil]
    #
    # @example MyFlight
    #   # A a flight in your data warehouse
    #   class MyFlight
    #     def airline
    #       # ... => MyAirline(:name, :icao_code, ...)
    #     end
    #     def aircraft
    #       # ... => MyAircraft(:name, :icao_code, ...)
    #     end
    #     def origin
    #       # ... => String
    #     end
    #     def destination
    #       # ... => String
    #     end
    #     def segments_per_trip
    #       # ... => Integer
    #     end
    #     def trips
    #       # ... => Integer
    #     end
    #     include Carbon
    #     emit_as 'Flight' do
    #       provide :segments_per_trip
    #       provide :trips
    #       provide :origin, :as => :origin_airport, :key => :iata_code
    #       provide :destination, :as => :destination_airport, :key => :iata_code
    #       provide(:airline, :key => :iata_code) { |f| f.airline.try(:iata_code) }
    #       provide(:aircraft, :key => :icao_code) { { |f| f.aircraft.try(:icao_code) }
    #     end
    #   end
    def emit_as(emitter, &blk)
      emitter = emitter.to_s.singularize.camelcase
      registrar = Registry::Registrar.new self, emitter
      registrar.instance_eval(&blk)
    end
  end

  # A query like what you could pass into +Carbon.query+.
  #
  # @param [Hash] extra_params Anything you want to override.
  #
  # @option extra_params [Timeframe] :timeframe
  # @option extra_params [Array<Symbol>] :comply
  # @option extra_params [String] :key In case you didn't define it globally, or want to use a different one here.
  # @option extra_params [String, Numeric] <i>characteristic</i> Override pieces of data about an emitter.
  #
  # @return [Array] Something you could pass into +Carbon.query+.
  def as_impact_query(extra_params = {})
    registration = Registry.instance[self.class.name]
    params = registration.characteristics.inject({}) do |memo, (method_id, translation_options)|
      k = translation_options.has_key?(:as) ? translation_options[:as] : method_id
      if translation_options.has_key?(:key)
        k = "#{k}[#{translation_options[:key]}]"
      end
      v = if translation_options.has_key?(:blk)
        translation_options[:blk].call self
      else
        send method_id
      end
      if v.present?
        memo[k] = v
      end
      memo
    end
    params.merge! extra_params
    if Carbon.key and not params.has_key?(:key)
      params[:key] = Carbon.key
    end
    [ registration.emitter, params ]
  end

  # Get an impact estimate from Brighter Planet CM1; high-level convenience method that requires a {Carbon::ClassMethods#emit_as} block.
  #
  # You get this when you +include Carbon+ in a class.
  #
  # See {Carbon.query} for an explanation of the return value, a +Hashie::Mash+.
  #
  # @param [Hash] extra_params Anything you want to override.
  #
  # @option extra_params [Timeframe] :timeframe
  # @option extra_params [Array<Symbol>] :comply
  # @option extra_params [String] :key In case you didn't define it globally, or want to use a different one here.
  # @option extra_params [String, Numeric] <i>characteristic</i> Override pieces of data about an emitter.
  #
  # @return [Hashie::Mash]
  #
  # @example Getting impact estimate for MyFlight
  #   ?> my_flight = MyFlight.new([...])
  #   => #<MyFlight [...]>
  #   ?> my_impact = my_flight.impact(:timeframe => Timeframe.new(:year => 2009))
  #   => #<Hashie::Mash [...]>
  #   ?> my_impact.decisions.carbon.object.value
  #   => 1014.92
  #   ?> my_impact.decisions.carbon.object.units
  #   => "kilograms"
  #   ?> my_impact.methodology
  #   => "http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights?[...]"
  def impact(extra_params = {})
    plain_query = as_impact_query extra_params
    Carbon.query(*plain_query)
  end
end

carbon_bp_com_flight.yml

---
http_interactions:
- request:
    method: post
    uri: http://carbon.brighterplanet.com/flights.json
    body:
      encoding: US-ASCII
      string: key=carbon_test
    headers:
      accept:
      - ! '*/*'
      user-agent:
      - Ruby
      content-type:
      - application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  response:
    status:
      code: 200
      message: OK
    headers:
      server:
      - nginx
      date:
      - Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:43 GMT
      content-type:
      - application/json
      transfer-encoding:
      - chunked
      connection:
      - keep-alive
      status:
      - 200 OK
    body:
      encoding: US-ASCII
      string: ! '{"emission":1087.1649532388976,"emitter":"Flight","timeframe":"2012-01-01/2013-01-01","methodology":"http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights?timeframe=2012-01-01%2F2013-01-01","scope":"The
        flight greenhouse gas emission is the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
        attributed to a single passenger on this flight. It includes CO2 emissions
        from combustion of non-biogenic fuel and extra forcing effects of high-altitude
        fuel combustion.","complies":[],"equivalents":{"cars_off_the_road_for_a_year":0.19786402148947937,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_month":2.3721939279672744,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_week":10.279144632873777,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_day":72.15078928665267,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_year":0.39572804297895875,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_month":4.744387855934549,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_week":20.558289265747554,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_day":144.30157857330533,"one_way_domestic_flight":3.533286098026417,"round_trip_domestic_flight":1.7666430490132086,"one_way_cross_country_flight":1.2415423765988212,"round_trip_cross_country_flight":0.6207711882994106,"vegan_meals_instead_of_non_vegan_ones":874.8275047269489,"days_of_veganism":291.6091682423163,"weeks_of_veganism":41.657986678208076,"months_of_veganism":9.720341846908983,"years_of_veganism":0.7990662406305897,"barrels_of_petroleum":2.528745681233676,"canisters_of_bbq_propane":45.29890210660515,"railroad_cars_full_of_coal":0.005435824766194489,"homes_energy_in_a_year":0.10545500046417307,"homes_energy_in_a_month":1.2600241808038823,"homes_energy_in_a_week":5.458655230212505,"homes_energy_in_a_day":38.319303106811425,"homes_electricity_in_a_year":0.15981324812611794,"homes_electricity_in_a_month":1.9123231527472209,"homes_electricity_in_a_week":8.286371273586878,"homes_electricity_in_a_day":58.16223783332778,"homes_with_lowered_thermostat_2_degrees_for_a_winter":5.706528839550974,"homes_with_raised_thermostat_3_degrees_for_a_summer":2.5657092896437987,"replaced_refrigerators":1.09477510791157,"loads_of_cold_laundry":498.5325352871354,"lightbulbs_for_a_year":2.006906503679005,"lightbulbs_for_a_month":24.423160674511834,"lightbulbs_for_a_week":104.67006736793459,"lightbulbs_for_a_day":732.6937330704019,"lightbulbs_for_an_evening":4396.1634855873635,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_day":12471.386669121135,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_week":1781.626356398747,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_month":415.7133963143494,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_year":34.16850731534531,"days_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":277.14226420956624,"weeks_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":39.59128610210093,"months_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":9.237640607670912,"years_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":0.7588411373607507,"recycled_kgs_of_trash":749.7687458259719,"recycled_bags_of_trash":415.44377940594615},"emission_units":"kilograms","execution_id":"UNSUPPORTED","errors":["API
        key \"carbon_test\" could not be verified. Please register at http://keys.brighterplanet.com"],"reports":[{"committee":{"name":"emission"},"conclusion":{"value":1087.1649532388976,"units":"kilograms"},"quorum":{"name":"from
        fuel use and greenhouse gas emission factor"}},{"committee":{"name":"ghg_emission_factor"},"conclusion":5.15214,"quorum":{"name":"from
        fuel and aviation multiplier"}},{"committee":{"name":"aviation_multiplier"},"conclusion":2.0,"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"energy"},"conclusion":{"value":7939.69681453416,"units":"megajoules"},"quorum":{"name":"from
        fuel use and fuel"}},{"committee":{"name":"fuel_use"},"conclusion":211.0123081358227,"quorum":{"name":"from
        fuel per segment, segments per trip, trips, freight_share, passengers, seat
        class multiplier, fuel, date, and timeframe"}},{"committee":{"name":"fuel_per_segment"},"conclusion":8477.788829453548,"quorum":{"name":"from
        adjusted distance per segment and fuel use coefficients"}},{"committee":{"name":"seat_class_multiplier"},"conclusion":1.0,"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"distance_class"},"conclusion":{"flight_distance_class":{"distance":1108.0,"distance_units":"kilometres","max_distance":3700.0,"max_distance_units":"kilometres","min_distance":0.0,"min_distance_units":"kilometres","name":"short
        haul"}},"quorum":{"name":"from adjusted distance per segment"}},{"committee":{"name":"adjusted_distance_per_segment"},"conclusion":962.1615428278766,"quorum":{"name":"from
        adjusted distance and segments per trip"}},{"committee":{"name":"adjusted_distance"},"conclusion":1616.4313919508327,"quorum":{"name":"from
        distance, route inefficiency factor, and dogleg factor"}},{"committee":{"name":"distance"},"conclusion":1262.599964160848,"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"route_inefficiency_factor"},"conclusion":1.100000023841858,"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"dogleg_factor"},"conclusion":1.1638548181950328,"quorum":{"name":"from
        segments per trip"}},{"committee":{"name":"fuel_use_coefficients"},"conclusion":{"m3":1.0532072472371498e-07,"m2":-0.00015627733290887285,"m1":7.148223019744806,"b":1650.9061605236384},"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"fuel"},"conclusion":{"fuel":{"biogenic_fraction":0.0,"carbon_content":18.672,"carbon_content_units":"grams_per_megajoule","co2_biogenic_emission_factor":0.0,"co2_biogenic_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","co2_emission_factor":2.57607,"co2_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","density":0.8156,"density_units":"kilograms_per_litre","energy_content":37.6267,"energy_content_units":"megajoules_per_litre","name":"Jet
        Fuel","oxidation_factor":1.0,"physical_units":null}},"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"passengers"},"conclusion":131,"quorum":{"name":"from
        seats and load factor"}},{"committee":{"name":"seats"},"conclusion":169.27798641328772,"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"load_factor"},"conclusion":0.7731146349652108,"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"freight_share"},"conclusion":0.06885888622195808,"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"trips"},"conclusion":1.7,"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"segments_per_trip"},"conclusion":1.68,"quorum":{"name":"default"}},{"committee":{"name":"date"},"conclusion":"2012-01-01","quorum":{"name":"from
        timeframe"}}],"carbon":{"value":1087.1649532388976,"units":"kilograms"},"ghg_emission_factor":5.15214,"aviation_multiplier":2.0,"energy":{"value":7939.69681453416,"units":"megajoules"},"fuel_use":211.0123081358227,"fuel_per_segment":8477.788829453548,"seat_class_multiplier":1.0,"distance_class":{"flight_distance_class":{"distance":1108.0,"distance_units":"kilometres","max_distance":3700.0,"max_distance_units":"kilometres","min_distance":0.0,"min_distance_units":"kilometres","name":"short
        haul"}},"adjusted_distance_per_segment":962.1615428278766,"adjusted_distance":1616.4313919508327,"distance":1262.599964160848,"route_inefficiency_factor":1.100000023841858,"dogleg_factor":1.1638548181950328,"fuel_use_coefficients":{"m3":1.0532072472371498e-07,"m2":-0.00015627733290887285,"m1":7.148223019744806,"b":1650.9061605236384},"fuel":{"fuel":{"biogenic_fraction":0.0,"carbon_content":18.672,"carbon_content_units":"grams_per_megajoule","co2_biogenic_emission_factor":0.0,"co2_biogenic_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","co2_emission_factor":2.57607,"co2_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","density":0.8156,"density_units":"kilograms_per_litre","energy_content":37.6267,"energy_content_units":"megajoules_per_litre","name":"Jet
        Fuel","oxidation_factor":1.0,"physical_units":null}},"passengers":131,"seats":169.27798641328772,"load_factor":0.7731146349652108,"freight_share":0.06885888622195808,"trips":1.7,"segments_per_trip":1.68,"date":"2012-01-01"}'
    http_version: '1.1'
  recorded_at: Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:43 GMT
recorded_with: VCR 2.2.0

carbon_spec.rb

require 'helper'
require 'timeframe'
require 'benchmark'

require 'my_nissan_altima'

Thread.abort_on_exception = true
Carbon.key = 'carbon_test'

describe Carbon do
  before do
    flush_cache!
  end

  describe '.query' do
    context 'serial' do
      it "calculates flight impact" do
        VCR.use_cassette 'LAX->SFO flight', :record => :once do
          result = Carbon.query('Flight', :origin_airport => 'LAX', :destination_airport => 'SFO', :segments_per_trip => 1, :trips => 1)
          result.decisions.carbon.object.value.should be_within(50).of(200)
        end
      end
      it "can be used on an object that responds to #as_impact_query" do
        VCR.use_cassette '2006 Altima', :record => :once do
          Carbon.query(MyNissanAltima.new(2006)).decisions.should == MyNissanAltima.new(2006).impact.decisions
        end
      end
      it "gets back characteristics" do
        VCR.use_cassette 'LAX->SFO flight', :record => :once do
          result = Carbon.query('Flight', :origin_airport => 'LAX', :destination_airport => 'SFO', :segments_per_trip => 1, :trips => 1)
          result.characteristics.origin_airport.description.should =~ %r{lax}i
        end
      end
      it "tells you if the query is successful" do
        VCR.use_cassette 'Flight', :record => :once do
          result = Carbon.query('Flight')
          result.success.should be_true
        end
      end
      it "is gentle about errors" do
        VCR.use_cassette 'Monkey', :record => :once do
          result = Carbon.query('Monkey')
          result.success.should be_false
        end
      end
      it "sends timeframe properly" do
        VCR.use_cassette 'timeframed flight', :record => :once do
          result = Carbon.query('Flight', :timeframe => Timeframe.new(:year => 2009))
          result.timeframe.should == '2009-01-01/2010-01-01'
        end
      end
      it "sends key properly" do
        VCR.use_cassette 'flight with key 1', :record => :once do
          result = Carbon.query('Flight', :key => 'carbon_test1')
          result.errors.first.should =~ /carbon_test1/
        end
        VCR.use_cassette 'flight with key 2', :record => :once do
          result = Carbon.query('Flight', :key => 'carbon_test2')
          result.errors.first.should =~ /carbon_test2/
        end
      end
      it "allows choosing domain" do
        VCR.use_cassette 'carbon.bp.com flight', :record => :once do
          result = Carbon.query('Flight', :domain => 'http://carbon.brighterplanet.com')
          result.carbon.value.should > 0
        end
      end
      it "raises ArgumentError if args are bad" do
        expect do
          Carbon.query(['Flight'])
        end.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
      end
    end

    context 'in parallel', :multi => true do
      before do
        VCR.turn_off!
        @queries = []
        @queries << ['Flight', {:origin_airport => 'LAX', :destination_airport => 'SFO', :segments_per_trip => 1, :trips => 1}]
        @queries << ['Flight', {:origin_airport => 'MSN', :destination_airport => 'ORD', :segments_per_trip => 1, :trips => 1}]
        @queries << ['Flight', {:origin_airport => 'IAH', :destination_airport => 'DEN', :segments_per_trip => 1, :trips => 1}]
        @queries << ['RailTrip', {:distance => 25}]
        @queries << ['RailTrip', {:rail_class => 'commuter'}]
        @queries << ['RailTrip', {:rail_traction => 'electric'}]
        @queries << ['AutomobileTrip', {:make => 'Nissan', :model => 'Altima'}]
        @queries << ['AutomobileTrip', {:make => 'Toyota', :model => 'Prius'}]
        @queries << ['AutomobileTrip', {:make => 'Ford', :model => 'Taurus'}]
        @queries << ['Residence', {:urbanity => 'City'}]
        @queries << ['Residence', {:zip_code => '53703'}]
        @queries << ['Residence', {:bathrooms => 4}]
        @queries << ['Monkey', {:bananas => '1'}]
        @queries << ['Monkey', {:bananas => '2'}]
        @queries << ['Monkey', {:bananas => '3'}]
        @queries = @queries.sort_by { rand }
      end

      after do
        VCR.turn_on!
      end

      it "is easy to use" do
        flight = ['Flight']
        rail_trip = ['RailTrip']
        results = Carbon.query([flight, rail_trip])
        results[flight].decisions.should == Carbon.query('Flight').decisions
        results[rail_trip].decisions.should == Carbon.query('RailTrip').decisions
      end
      it "doesn't hang up on 0 queries" do
        Timeout.timeout(0.5) { Carbon.query([]) }.should ==(Hash.new)
      end
      it "raises if you pass it a block directly" do
        expect do
          Carbon.query([]) { }
        end.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
      end
      it "can be used on objects that respond to #as_impact_query" do
        a = MyNissanAltima.new(2001)
        b = MyNissanAltima.new(2006)
        ab1 = Carbon.query([a, b])
        ab2 = Carbon.query([a.as_impact_query, b.as_impact_query])
        ab1.keys.should == [a, b]
        ab2.keys.should == [a.as_impact_query, b.as_impact_query]
        ab1.each do |k, v|
          ab2[k.as_impact_query].should == v
        end
      end
      it "runs multiple queries at once" do
        reference_results = @queries.inject({}) do |memo, query|
          memo[query] = Carbon.query(*query)
          memo
        end
        ts = []
        3.times do
          ts << Thread.new do
            flush_cache! # important!
            multi_results = Carbon.query(@queries)
            error_count = 0
            multi_results.each do |query, result|
              if result.success
                result.decisions.carbon.object.value.should > 0
                result.decisions.carbon.object.value.should < 10_000
              else
                error_count += 1
              end
            end
            error_count.should == 3
            reference_results.each do |query, reference_result|
              if reference_result.success
                multi_results[query].decisions.should == reference_result.decisions
              else
                multi_results[query].should == reference_result
              end
            end
          end
        end
        ts.each do |t|
          t.join
        end
      end
      it "is faster than single threaded" do
        # warm up the cache on the other end
        @queries.each { |query| Carbon.query(*query) }
        flush_cache! # important!
        single_threaded_time = Benchmark.realtime do
          @queries.each { |query| Carbon.query(*query) }
        end
        flush_cache! # important!
        multi_threaded_time = Benchmark.realtime do
          Carbon.query(@queries)
        end
        cached_single_threaded_time = Benchmark.realtime do
          @queries.each { |query| Carbon.query(*query) }
        end
        cached_multi_threaded_time = Benchmark.realtime do
          Carbon.query(@queries)
        end
        multi_threaded_time.should < single_threaded_time
        cached_single_threaded_time.should < multi_threaded_time
        cached_multi_threaded_time.should < multi_threaded_time
        $stderr.puts "   Multi-threaded was #{((single_threaded_time - multi_threaded_time) / single_threaded_time * 100).round}% faster than single-threaded"
        $stderr.puts "   Cached single-threaded was #{((multi_threaded_time - cached_single_threaded_time) / multi_threaded_time * 100).round}% faster than uncached multi-threaded"
        $stderr.puts "   Cached multi-threaded was #{((multi_threaded_time - cached_multi_threaded_time) / multi_threaded_time * 100).round}% faster than uncached multi-threaded"
      end
      it "safely uniq's and caches queries" do
        reference_results = @queries.inject({}) do |memo, query|
          memo[query] = Carbon.query(*query)
          memo
        end
        flush_cache! # important!
        3.times do
          multi_results = Carbon.query(@queries)
          reference_results.each do |query, reference_result|
            if reference_result.success
              multi_results[query].decisions.should == reference_result.decisions
            else
              multi_results[query].should == reference_result
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "mixin" do
    describe :emit_as do
      it "overwrites old emit_as blocks" do
        eval %{class MyFoo; include Carbon; end}
        MyFoo.emit_as('Automobile') { provide(:make) }
        Carbon::Registry.instance['MyFoo'].characteristics.keys.should == [:make]
        MyFoo.emit_as('Automobile') { provide(:model) }
        Carbon::Registry.instance['MyFoo'].characteristics.keys.should == [:model]
      end
    end
    describe '#impact' do
      it 'calculates a single impact' do
        VCR.use_cassette '2006 Altima', :record => :once do
          impact = MyNissanAltima.new(2006).impact
          impact.decisions.carbon.object.value.should > 0
          impact.characteristics.make.description.should =~ %r{Nissan}i
          impact.characteristics.model.description.should =~ %r{Altima}i
          impact.characteristics.year.description.to_i.should == 2006
          impact.characteristics.automobile_fuel.description.should =~ %r{regular gasoline}
        end
      end
      it 'accepts a timeframe option' do
        VCR.use_cassette '2006 Altima in 2010', :record => :once do
          impact_2010 = MyNissanAltima.new(2006).impact(:timeframe => Timeframe.new(:year => 2010))
          impact_2010.timeframe.should =~ /^2010-01-01/
        end
        VCR.use_cassette '2006 Altima in 2011', :record => :once do
          impact_2011 = MyNissanAltima.new(2006).impact(:timeframe => Timeframe.new(:year => 2011))
          impact_2011.timeframe.should =~ /^2011-01-01/
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

CHANGELOG

3.0.0 / 2012-06-08

* Breaking changes

  * Ruby 1.9 only because it uses celluloid / fibers.

* Enhancements

  * When doing multiple queries, use Celluloid [worker] pools instead of creating new threads
	* Use RSpec as the API testing framework

2.2.3 / 2012-04-12

* Enhancements

  * Raise an ArgumentError if you make the common mistake of calling Carbon.query(array) {} instead of Carbon.query(array).each {}

* Bug fixes

  * Fix how shell gets characteristics for an emitter

2.2.2 / 2012-04-05

* Enhancements

  * Allow choosing domain (API endpoint)
  * Slightly improved method signature explanations: query_array -> plain_query, o -> obj, os -> array

* Bug fixes

  * Actually send keys set with Carbon.key

2.2.1 / 2012-03-21

* Enhancements

  * Switched from EventMachine to pure Ruby threads, a small speed sacrifice that gains us compatibilty with MRI 1.8, MRI 1.9, and JRuby. Also works better in multithreaded environments - no accidentally turning off somebody's EventMachine reactor :)

2.2.0 / 2012-03-20

* Enhancements

  * Carbon.query(os) now returns a Hash keyed by the "os", instead of just a carefully ordered Array.

* Breaking changes

  * Carbon.query(os) has a different return value!

2.1.0 / 2012-03-14

* Enhancements

  * Simplified API down to just Carbon.query. It has three method signatures.
  * Simplified EventMachine reactor
  * Limited concurrency to 16 connections at a time

* Breaking changes

  * Simplified API down to just Carbon.query :)

2.0.3 / 2012-03-13

* Enhancements

  * Automatically skip redundant queries and cache things for an hour (in-process, unless you set up CacheMethod.config.storage = $memcached or something)

2.0.2 / 2012-03-13

* Bug fixes

  * Don't hang up on Carbon.multi if 0 queries are passed

2.0.1 / 2012-03-12

* Bug fixes

  * Don't send blank (incl. nil) characteristics

* Documentation changes

  * Recommend people use Object#try when passing a block to #provide

2.0.0 / 2012-03-09

* Breaking changes

  * #emission_estimate has been removed in favor of #impact
  * Response structure now mirrors what you get from http://impact.brighterplanet.com

* Enhancements

  * Carbon.multi method for parallelizing requests
  * Tested with MRI 1.8 and MRI 1.9

cm1_avro.rb

require 'active_support/core_ext'
require File.expand_path('../avro_helper', __FILE__)

module Cm1Avro
  class Impact
    def notes
      [
        "All emitters return carbon (@impact_response.decisions.carbon).",
        "Check emitter documentation to see what other impacts (energy, waste, etc.) are returned."
      ]
    end
    
    def dns_name
      'impact.brighterplanet.com'
    end
    
    def namespace
      dns_name.split('.').reverse.join('.')
    end

    def example
      {"compliance"=>[],
       "decisions"=>
        {"carbon"=>
          {"description"=>"78.7 kg",
           "object"=>{"value"=>78.67540811299375, "units"=>"kilograms"},
           "methodology"=>"from fuel use and greenhouse gas emission factor"},
         "ghg_emission_factor"=>
          {"description"=>"5.15214",
           "object"=>5.15214,
           "methodology"=>"from fuel and aviation multiplier"},
         "aviation_multiplier"=>
          {"description"=>"2.0", "object"=>2.0, "methodology"=>"default"},
         "energy"=>
          {"description"=>"574.6 MJ",
           "object"=>{"value"=>574.5759972448694, "units"=>"megajoules"},
           "methodology"=>"from fuel use and fuel"},
         "fuel_use"=>
          {"description"=>"15.270432890603466",
           "object"=>15.270432890603466,
           "methodology"=>
            "from fuel per segment, segments per trip, trips, freight_share, passengers, seat class multiplier, fuel, date, and timeframe"},
         "fuel_per_segment"=>
          {"description"=>"1480.9925950502234",
           "object"=>1480.9925950502234,
           "methodology"=>
            "from adjusted distance per segment and fuel use coefficients"},
         "seat_class_multiplier"=>
          {"description"=>"1.0", "object"=>1.0, "methodology"=>"default"},
         "distance_class"=>
          {"description"=>"short haul",
           "object"=>
            {"flight_distance_class"=>
              {"distance"=>1108.0,
               "distance_units"=>"kilometres",
               "max_distance"=>3700.0,
               "max_distance_units"=>"kilometres",
               "min_distance"=>0.0,
               "min_distance_units"=>"kilometres",
               "name"=>"short haul"}},
           "methodology"=>"from adjusted distance per segment"},
         "adjusted_distance_per_segment"=>
          {"description"=>"100.8961154095222",
           "object"=>100.8961154095222,
           "methodology"=>"from adjusted distance and segments per trip"},
         "adjusted_distance"=>
          {"description"=>"100.8961154095222",
           "object"=>100.8961154095222,
           "methodology"=>
            "from distance, route inefficiency factor, and dogleg factor"},
         "distance"=>
          {"description"=>"94.29543496217028",
           "object"=>94.29543496217028,
           "methodology"=>"from airports"},
         "route_inefficiency_factor"=>
          {"description"=>"1.07", "object"=>1.07, "methodology"=>"from country"},
         "dogleg_factor"=>
          {"description"=>"1.0",
           "object"=>1.0,
           "methodology"=>"from segments per trip"},
         "fuel_use_coefficients"=>
          {"description"=>
            "BrighterPlanet::Flight::ImpactModel::FuelUseEquation::Given",
           "object"=>{"m3"=>4.986e-08, "m2"=>8.255e-05, "m1"=>5.246, "b"=>950.8},
           "methodology"=>"from aircraft"},
         "fuel"=>
          {"description"=>"Jet Fuel",
           "object"=>
            {"fuel"=>
              {"biogenic_fraction"=>0.0,
               "carbon_content"=>18.672,
               "carbon_content_units"=>"grams_per_megajoule",
               "co2_biogenic_emission_factor"=>0.0,
               "co2_biogenic_emission_factor_units"=>"kilograms_per_litre",
               "co2_emission_factor"=>2.57607,
               "co2_emission_factor_units"=>"kilograms_per_litre",
               "density"=>0.8156,
               "density_units"=>"kilograms_per_litre",
               "energy_content"=>37.6267,
               "energy_content_units"=>"megajoules_per_litre",
               "name"=>"Jet Fuel",
               "oxidation_factor"=>1.0,
               "physical_units"=>nil}},
           "methodology"=>"default"},
         "passengers"=>
          {"description"=>"111",
           "object"=>111,
           "methodology"=>"from seats and load factor"},
         "seats"=>
          {"description"=>"143.096",
           "object"=>143.096,
           "methodology"=>"from aircraft"},
         "load_factor"=>
          {"description"=>"0.7734122348583675",
           "object"=>0.7734122348583675,
           "methodology"=>"default"},
         "freight_share"=>
          {"description"=>"0.0665336701213722",
           "object"=>0.0665336701213722,
           "methodology"=>"default"},
         "country"=>
          {"description"=>"US",
           "object"=>
            {"country"=>
              {"automobile_city_speed"=>32.0259,
               "automobile_city_speed_units"=>"kilometres_per_hour",
               "automobile_fuel_efficiency"=>9.2669,
               "automobile_fuel_efficiency_units"=>"kilometres_per_litre",
               "automobile_highway_speed"=>91.8935,
               "automobile_highway_speed_units"=>"kilometres_per_hour",
               "automobile_trip_distance"=>16.3348,
               "automobile_trip_distance_units"=>"kilometres",
               "automobile_urbanity"=>0.43,
               "cooling_degree_days"=>882.0,
               "cooling_degree_days_units"=>"degrees_celsius",
               "electricity_emission_factor"=>0.589455,
               "electricity_emission_factor_units"=>
                "kilograms_co2e_per_kilowatt_hour",
               "electricity_loss_factor"=>0.0615633,
               "flight_route_inefficiency_factor"=>1.07,
               "heating_degree_days"=>2159.0,
               "heating_degree_days_units"=>"degrees_celsius",
               "iso_3166_alpha_3_code"=>"USA",
               "iso_3166_code"=>"US",
               "iso_3166_numeric_code"=>840,
               "lodging_district_heat_intensity"=>1.73952,
               "lodging_district_heat_intensity_units"=>"megajoules_per_room_night",
               "lodging_electricity_intensity"=>33.3145,
               "lodging_electricity_intensity_units"=>
                "kilowatt_hours_per_room_night",
               "lodging_fuel_oil_intensity"=>0.411674,
               "lodging_fuel_oil_intensity_units"=>"gallons_per_room_night",
               "lodging_natural_gas_intensity"=>1.96714,
               "lodging_natural_gas_intensity_units"=>"cubic_metres_per_room_night",
               "lodging_occupancy_rate"=>0.601,
               "name"=>"United States",
               "rail_passengers"=>4467000000.0,
               "rail_speed"=>32.4972,
               "rail_speed_units"=>"kilometres_per_hour",
               "rail_trip_co2_emission_factor"=>0.0957617,
               "rail_trip_co2_emission_factor_units"=>
                "kilograms_per_passenger_kilometre",
               "rail_trip_diesel_intensity"=>0.0194247,
               "rail_trip_diesel_intensity_units"=>"litres_per_passenger_kilometre",
               "rail_trip_distance"=>12.9952,
               "rail_trip_distance_units"=>"kilometres",
               "rail_trip_electricity_intensity"=>0.140512,
               "rail_trip_electricity_intensity_units"=>
                "kilowatt_hours_per_passenger_kilometre"}},
           "methodology"=>"from origin airport and destination airport"},
         "date"=>
          {"description"=>"2012-01-01",
           "object"=>"2012-01-01",
           "methodology"=>"from timeframe"}},
       "emitter"=>"Flight",
       "equivalents"=>
        {"cars_off_the_road_for_a_year"=>0.014318924276564863,
         "cars_off_the_road_for_a_month"=>0.17166974050255235,
         "cars_off_the_road_for_a_week"=>0.743875983708356,
         "cars_off_the_road_for_a_day"=>5.221372134826943,
         "cars_to_priuses_for_a_year"=>0.028637848553129727,
         "cars_to_priuses_for_a_month"=>0.3433394810051047,
         "cars_to_priuses_for_a_week"=>1.487751967416712,
         "cars_to_priuses_for_a_day"=>10.442744269653886,
         "one_way_domestic_flight"=>0.25569507636722966,
         "round_trip_domestic_flight"=>0.12784753818361483,
         "one_way_cross_country_flight"=>0.08984731606503886,
         "round_trip_cross_country_flight"=>0.04492365803251943,
         "vegan_meals_instead_of_non_vegan_ones"=>63.309078128220605,
         "days_of_veganism"=>21.1030260427402,
         "weeks_of_veganism"=>3.014684288073694,
         "months_of_veganism"=>0.7034368239382771,
         "years_of_veganism"=>0.057826424963050405,
         "barrels_of_petroleum"=>0.18299899927082347,
         "canisters_of_bbq_propane"=>3.278168229844111,
         "railroad_cars_full_of_coal"=>0.0003933770405649688,
         "homes_energy_in_a_year"=>0.007631514586960394,
         "homes_energy_in_a_month"=>0.09118479800295977,
         "homes_energy_in_a_week"=>0.39502922413534164,
         "homes_energy_in_a_day"=>2.7730721097586906,
         "homes_electricity_in_a_year"=>0.011565284992610081,
         "homes_electricity_in_a_month"=>0.138390042870756,
         "homes_electricity_in_a_week"=>0.5996639606372384,
         "homes_electricity_in_a_day"=>4.209055658637053,
         "homes_with_lowered_thermostat_2_degrees_for_a_winter"=>0.4129672171851042,
         "homes_with_raised_thermostat_3_degrees_for_a_summer"=>0.18567396314666526,
         "replaced_refrigerators"=>0.07922613596978471,
         "loads_of_cold_laundry"=>36.077552495110645,
         "lightbulbs_for_a_year"=>0.14523480337658645,
         "lightbulbs_for_a_month"=>1.7674430432584045,
         "lightbulbs_for_a_week"=>7.574710942302812,
         "lightbulbs_for_a_day"=>53.023212622344026,
         "lightbulbs_for_an_evening"=>318.1393544094722,
         "lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_day"=>902.523055958413,
         "lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_week"=>128.93184265822813,
         "lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_month"=>30.08413858047089,
         "lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_year"=>2.4726894015832803,
         "days_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs"=>20.05609238698059,
         "weeks_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs"=>2.8651223372508934,
         "months_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs"=>0.6685049427361078,
         "years_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs"=>0.05491543486286964,
         "recycled_kgs_of_trash"=>54.258888582166705,
         "recycled_bags_of_trash"=>30.064627079258866},
       "methodology"=>
        "http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights?aircraft[icao_code]=B737&airline[iata_code]=UA&destination_airport[iata_code]=ORD&origin_airport[iata_code]=MSN&segments_per_trip=1&trips=1",
       "scope"=>
        "The flight greenhouse gas emission is the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions attributed to a single passenger on this flight. It includes CO2 emissions from combustion of non-biogenic fuel and extra forcing effects of high-altitude fuel combustion.",
       "timeframe"=>{"startDate"=>"2012-01-01", "endDate"=>"2013-01-01"},
       "characteristics"=>
        {"segments_per_trip"=>{"description"=>"1", "object"=>1},
         "trips"=>{"description"=>"1", "object"=>1},
         "origin_airport"=>
          {"description"=>"MSN",
           "object"=>
            {"airport"=>
              {"city"=>"Madison",
               "country_iso_3166_code"=>"US",
               "country_name"=>"United States",
               "iata_code"=>"MSN",
               "latitude"=>43.1399,
               "longitude"=>-89.3375,
               "name"=>"Dane County Regional Truax Field"}}},
         "destination_airport"=>
          {"description"=>"ORD",
           "object"=>
            {"airport"=>
              {"city"=>"Chicago",
               "country_iso_3166_code"=>"US",
               "country_name"=>"United States",
               "iata_code"=>"ORD",
               "latitude"=>41.9786,
               "longitude"=>-87.9048,
               "name"=>"Chicago Ohare International"}}},
         "airline"=>
          {"description"=>"United Airlines",
           "object"=>
            {"airline"=>
              {"bts_code"=>"UA",
               "iata_code"=>"UA",
               "icao_code"=>"UAL",
               "name"=>"United Airlines"}}},
         "aircraft"=>
          {"description"=>"B737",
           "object"=>
            {"aircraft"=>
              {"aircraft_type"=>"Landplane",
               "b"=>950.8,
               "b_units"=>"kilograms",
               "class_code"=>"Medium 2 engine Jet",
               "description"=>"boeing 737-700",
               "engine_type"=>"Jet",
               "engines"=>2,
               "fuel_use_specificity"=>"aircraft",
               "icao_code"=>"B737",
               "m1"=>5.246,
               "m1_units"=>"kilograms_per_nautical_mile",
               "m2"=>8.255e-05,
               "m2_units"=>"kilograms_per_square_nautical_mile",
               "m3"=>4.986e-08,
               "m3_units"=>"kilograms_per_cubic_nautical_mile",
               "manufacturer_name"=>"BOEING",
               "model_name"=>"737-700",
               "passengers"=>322259000.0,
               "seats"=>143.096,
               "seats_specificity"=>"aircraft",
               "weight_class"=>"Large"}}}},
       "errors"=>[]}
    end

    def avro_response_schema
      timeframe = {
        :type => 'record',
        :name => 'Timeframe',
        :fields => [
          { :name => 'startDate', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'endDate', :type => 'string' },
        ]
      }
      
      decision_object = {
        :namespace => namespace,
        :type => 'record',
        :name => 'DecisionObject',
        :fields => [
          { :name => 'value', :type => AvroHelper::OPTIONAL_SCALAR },
          { :name => 'units', :type => AvroHelper::OPTIONAL_STRING },
        ]
      }

      characteristic_object = {
        :namespace => namespace,
        :type => 'record',
        :name => 'CharacteristicObject',
        :fields => [
          { :name => 'value', :type => AvroHelper::OPTIONAL_SCALAR },
          { :name => 'units', :type => AvroHelper::OPTIONAL_STRING },
        ]
      }


# { :type => 'map', :values => AvroHelper::OPTIONAL_SCALAR }

      decision = {
        :namespace => namespace,
        :type => 'record',
        :name => 'Decision',
        :fields => [
          { :name => 'description', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'object', :type => (AvroHelper::SCALAR+[decision_object]) }, # should really be optional map
          { :name => 'methodology', :type => 'string' }
        ]
      }
      
      characteristic = {
        :namespace => namespace,
        :type => 'record',
        :name => 'Characteristic',
        :fields => [
          { :name => 'description', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'object', :type => (AvroHelper::SCALAR+[characteristic_object]) }, # should really be optional map
        ]
      }
      
      {
        :namespace => namespace,
        :type => 'record',
        :name => 'Response',
        :fields => [
          { :name => 'emitter', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'characteristics', :type => { :type => 'map', :values => characteristic } },
          { :name => 'decisions', :type => { :type => 'map', :values => decision } },
          { :name => 'errors', :type => { :type => 'array', :items => 'string' } },
          { :name => 'timeframe', :type => timeframe },
          { :name => 'methodology', :type => 'string' },
          # { :name => 'audit_id', :type => 'string' }, # paid extra
          { :name => 'scope', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'compliance', :type => { :type => 'array', :items => 'string' } },
          { :name => 'equivalents', :type => { :type => 'map', :values => 'float' } },
          { :name => 'certification', :type => AvroHelper::OPTIONAL_STRING },
        ]
      }
    end
  end
  
  class Carbon
    def notes
      [
        "DEPRECATED. Use impact.brighterplanet.com, which will give you @impact_response.decisions.carbon",
        "Characteristics are mixed into the root of the response. For example: @carbon_response.origin_airport",
        "Used by Brighter Planet carbon library versions < 1.2"
      ]
    end
    
    def dns_name
      'carbon.brighterplanet.com'
    end
    
    def namespace
      dns_name.split('.').reverse.join('.')
    end
    
    def avro_response_schema
      quorum = {
        :namespace => namespace,
        :type => 'record',
        :name => 'Quorum',
        :fields => [
          { :name => 'name', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'requirements', :type => { :type => 'array', :items => 'string' } },
          { :name => 'appreciates', :type => { :type => 'array', :items => 'string' } },
          { :name => 'complies', :type => { :type => 'array', :items => 'string' } }
        ]
      }
      committee_stub = {
        :namespace => namespace,
        :type => 'record',
        :name => 'Committee',
        :fields => [
          { :name => 'name', :type => 'string' }
        ]
      }
      report = {
        :namespace => namespace,
        :type => 'record',
        :name => 'Report',
        :fields => [
          { :name => 'committee', :type => committee_stub },
          { :name => 'conclusion', :type => AvroHelper::SCALAR },
          { :name => 'quorum', :type => quorum }
        ]
      }
      {
        :namespace => namespace,
        :type => 'record',
        :name => 'Response',
        :fields => [
          # { :name => '*', :type => OPTIONAL_SCALAR }, # the characteristics mixed in with the root
          { :name => 'emission', :type => 'float' },
          { :name => 'emitter', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'timeframe', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'emission_units', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'methodology', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'execution_id', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'scope', :type => 'string' },
          { :name => 'complies', :type => { :type => 'array', :items => 'string' } },
          { :name => 'errors', :type => { :type => 'array', :items => 'string' } },
          { :name => 'equivalents', :type => { :type => 'map', :values => 'float' } },
          { :name => 'reports', :type => { :type => 'array', :items => report } },
          { :name => 'certification', :type => AvroHelper::OPTIONAL_STRING },
        ]
      }
    end
  
    def example
      ActiveSupport::JSON.decode <<-EOS
      {
          "emission": 619.3139931256935,
          "emitter": "Flight",
          "timeframe": "2011-01-01/2012-01-01",
          "emission_units": "kilograms",
          "methodology": "http://carbon.brighterplanet.com/flights.html?destination_airport[iata_code]=SFO&origin_airport[iata_code]=JAC&timeframe=2011-01-01%2F2012-01-01",
          "execution_id": "ae70601773dab95c67665d6bfbba71006c03bd9e",
          "scope": "The flight emission estimate is the anthropogenic emissions per passenger from aircraft fuel combustion and radiative forcing. It includes CO2 emissions from combustion of non-biogenic fuel and extra forcing effects of high-altitude combustion.",
          "complies": [],
          "errors": [],
          "equivalents": {
              "cars_off_the_road_for_a_year": 0.11271514674887623,
              "cars_off_the_road_for_a_month": 1.3513431330002632,
              "cars_off_the_road_for_a_week": 5.855613805003432,
              "cars_off_the_road_for_a_day": 41.101392467779775,
              "cars_to_priuses_for_a_year": 0.22543029349775245,
              "cars_to_priuses_for_a_month": 2.7026862660005264,
              "cars_to_priuses_for_a_week": 11.711227610006864,
              "cars_to_priuses_for_a_day": 82.20278493555955,
              "one_way_domestic_flight": 2.012770477658504,
              "round_trip_domestic_flight": 1.006385238829252,
              "one_way_cross_country_flight": 0.707256580149542,
              "round_trip_cross_country_flight": 0.353628290074771,
              "vegan_meals_instead_of_non_vegan_ones": 498.35391918633496,
              "days_of_veganism": 166.11797306211164,
              "weeks_of_veganism": 23.730873588590324,
              "months_of_veganism": 5.537286412536825,
              "years_of_veganism": 0.4551957849473847,
              "barrels_of_petroleum": 1.440524348010363,
              "canisters_of_bbq_propane": 25.804956151568273,
              "railroad_cars_full_of_coal": 0.0030965699656284678,
              "homes_energy_in_a_year": 0.06007345733319227,
              "homes_energy_in_a_month": 0.7177849180326789,
              "homes_energy_in_a_week": 3.1095755594841075,
              "homes_energy_in_a_day": 21.82896031570132,
              "homes_electricity_in_a_year": 0.09103915698947694,
              "homes_electricity_in_a_month": 1.0893733139080948,
              "homes_electricity_in_a_week": 4.720411255604036,
              "homes_electricity_in_a_day": 33.132679318231474,
              "homes_with_lowered_thermostat_2_degrees_for_a_winter": 3.2507791499167653,
              "homes_with_raised_thermostat_3_degrees_for_a_summer": 1.4615810237766367,
              "replaced_refrigerators": 0.6236491910775734,
              "loads_of_cold_laundry": 283.9938633157043,
              "lightbulbs_for_a_year": 1.1432536313100303,
              "lightbulbs_for_a_month": 13.912888855568704,
              "lightbulbs_for_a_week": 59.626312630155525,
              "lightbulbs_for_a_day": 417.386046353068,
              "lightbulbs_for_an_evening": 2504.3168974324008,
              "lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_day": 7104.445608605558,
              "lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_week": 1014.9206242825103,
              "lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_month": 236.81514263338204,
              "lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_year": 19.46441948994742,
              "days_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs": 157.87676175558803,
              "weeks_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs": 22.55355768765838,
              "months_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs": 5.262310999589017,
              "years_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs": 0.4322811672017341,
              "recycled_kgs_of_trash": 427.1129919291002,
              "recycled_bags_of_trash": 236.6615527630869
          },
          "origin_airport": {
              "airport": {
                  "city": "Jacksn Hole",
                  "country_iso_3166_code": "US",
                  "country_name": "United States",
                  "iata_code": "JAC",
                  "latitude": 43.6073,
                  "longitude": -110.738,
                  "name": "Jackson Hole"
              }
          },
          "destination_airport": {
              "airport": {
                  "city": "San Francisco",
                  "country_iso_3166_code": "US",
                  "country_name": "United States",
                  "iata_code": "SFO",
                  "latitude": 37.619,
                  "longitude": -122.375,
                  "name": "San Francisco International"
              }
          },
          "date": "2011-01-01",
          "segments_per_trip": 1.68,
          "country": {
              "country": {
                  "automobile_city_speed": 32.0259,
                  "automobile_city_speed_units": "kilometres_per_hour",
                  "automobile_fuel_efficiency": 9.2669,
                  "automobile_fuel_efficiency_units": "kilometres_per_litre",
                  "automobile_highway_speed": 91.8935,
                  "automobile_highway_speed_units": "kilometres_per_hour",
                  "automobile_trip_distance": 16.3348,
                  "automobile_trip_distance_units": "kilometres",
                  "automobile_urbanity": 0.43,
                  "flight_route_inefficiency_factor": 1.07,
                  "iso_3166_code": "US",
                  "name": "UNITED STATES"
              }
          },
          "trips": 1.7,
          "freight_share": 0.070644984859677,
          "load_factor": 0.76992050796823,
          "seats": 171.0530182753,
          "passengers": 132,
          "fuel": {
              "fuel": {
                  "biogenic_fraction": 0,
                  "carbon_content": 18.672,
                  "carbon_content_units": "grams_per_megajoule",
                  "co2_biogenic_emission_factor": 0,
                  "co2_biogenic_emission_factor_units": "kilograms_per_litre",
                  "co2_emission_factor": 2.57607,
                  "co2_emission_factor_units": "kilograms_per_litre",
                  "density": 0.808,
                  "density_units": "kilograms_per_litre",
                  "energy_content": 37.6267,
                  "energy_content_units": "megajoules_per_litre",
                  "name": "Jet Fuel",
                  "oxidation_factor": 1
              }
          },
          "fuel_use_coefficients": [
              1.0886676283223e-7,
              -0.00017055946628547,
              6.9195725633675,
              1572.3367918346
          ],
          "dogleg_factor": 1.1638548181950328,
          "route_inefficiency_factor": 1.07,
          "distance": 640.3861758339607,
          "adjusted_distance": 797.4886937873359,
          "adjusted_distance_per_segment": 474.69565106389047,
          "seat_class_multiplier": 1,
          "fuel_per_segment": 4830.2396558575165,
          "fuel_use": 13795.164457129067,
          "aviation_multiplier": 2,
          "emission_factor": 3.1882054455445545,
          "reports": [
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "emission"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "619.3139931256935",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from fuel use, emission factor, freight share, passengers, multipliers, and date",
                      "requirements": [
                          "fuel_use",
                          "emission_factor",
                          "freight_share",
                          "passengers",
                          "seat_class_multiplier",
                          "aviation_multiplier",
                          "date"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "emission_factor"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "3.1882054455445545",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from fuel",
                      "requirements": [
                          "fuel"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "aviation_multiplier"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "2.0",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "default",
                      "requirements": [],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "fuel_use"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "13795.164457129067",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from fuel per segment and segments per trip and trips",
                      "requirements": [
                          "fuel_per_segment",
                          "segments_per_trip",
                          "trips"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "fuel_per_segment"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "4830.2396558575165",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from adjusted distance per segment and fuel use coefficients",
                      "requirements": [
                          "adjusted_distance_per_segment",
                          "fuel_use_coefficients"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "seat_class_multiplier"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "1.0",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from adjusted distance per segment",
                      "requirements": [
                          "adjusted_distance_per_segment"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "adjusted_distance_per_segment"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "474.69565106389047",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from adjusted distance and segments per trip",
                      "requirements": [
                          "adjusted_distance",
                          "segments_per_trip"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "adjusted_distance"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "797.4886937873359",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from distance, route inefficiency factor, and dogleg factor",
                      "requirements": [
                          "distance",
                          "route_inefficiency_factor",
                          "dogleg_factor"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "distance"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "640.3861758339607",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from airports",
                      "requirements": [
                          "origin_airport",
                          "destination_airport"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "route_inefficiency_factor"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "1.07",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from country",
                      "requirements": [
                          "country"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "dogleg_factor"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "1.1638548181950328",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from segments per trip",
                      "requirements": [
                          "segments_per_trip"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "fuel_use_coefficients"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "#<struct BrighterPlanet::Flight::CarbonModel::FuelUseEquation m3=1.0886676283223e-07, m2=-0.00017055946628547, m1=6.9195725633675, b=1572.3367918346>",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "default",
                      "requirements": [],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "fuel"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "Jet Fuel",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "default",
                      "requirements": [],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "passengers"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "132",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from seats and load factor",
                      "requirements": [
                          "seats",
                          "load_factor"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "seats"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "171.0530182753",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "default",
                      "requirements": [],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "load_factor"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "0.76992050796823",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "default",
                      "requirements": [],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "freight_share"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "0.070644984859677",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "default",
                      "requirements": [],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "trips"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "1.7",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "default",
                      "requirements": [],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "country"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "#<Country:0xb035ac4>",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from origin airport and destination airport",
                      "requirements": [
                          "origin_airport",
                          "destination_airport"
                      ],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "segments_per_trip"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "1.68",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "default",
                      "requirements": [],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              },
              {
                  "committee": {
                      "name": "date"
                  },
                  "conclusion": "2011-01-01",
                  "quorum": {
                      "name": "from timeframe",
                      "requirements": [],
                      "appreciates": [],
                      "complies": [
                          "ghg_protocol_scope_3",
                          "iso",
                          "tcr"
                      ]
                  }
              }
          ]
      }
EOS
    end
  end
  
end

emitter.rb

require 'uri'
require 'net/http'
require 'conversions'
require 'cache_method'

module Carbon
  class Shell
    # @private
    class Emitter < Bombshell::Environment
      class << self
        # @private
        def characteristics(emitter)
          ::MultiJson.load ::Net::HTTP.get(::URI.parse("http://impact.brighterplanet.com/#{emitter.underscore.pluralize}/options.json"))
        rescue
          # oops
        end
        cache_method :characteristics, 300
      end

      include Bombshell::Shell
      include Carbon
      
      # @private
      def initialize(name, input = {})
        @emitter = name.to_s.singularize.camelcase
        @input = input
        if characteristics = Emitter.characteristics(@emitter)
          characteristics.each do |characteristic|
            instance_eval <<-meth
              def #{characteristic}(arg = nil)
                if arg
                  @input[:#{characteristic}] = arg.to_s.strip
                  emission
                else
                  @input[:#{characteristic}]
                end
              end
            meth
          end
          provisions = characteristics.map { |k| "provide :#{k}"}.join('; ')
          emit_as_block = "emit_as(:#{name}) { #{provisions} }"
          self.class.class_eval emit_as_block
          emission
        else
          puts "  => Sorry, characteristics couldn't be retrieved for #{@emitter.underscore.pluralize}. Please try again later."
          done
        end
      end
      
      # @private
      def timeframe(t = nil)
        if t
          @timeframe = t
          emission
        elsif @timeframe
          puts '  => ' + @timeframe
        else
          puts '  => (defaults to current year)'
        end
      end
      
      # @private
      def emission
        puts "  => #{emission_in_kilograms} kg CO2e"
      end
      
      # @private
      def emission_in_kilograms
        impact(:timeframe => @timeframe).decisions.carbon.object.value
      end
      
      # @private
      def lbs
        puts "  => #{emission_in_kilograms.kilograms.to :pounds} lbs CO2e"
      end
      alias :pounds :lbs
      
      # @private
      def tons
        puts "  => #{emission_in_kilograms.kilograms.to :tons} lbs CO2e"
      end
      
      # @private
      def characteristics
        if @input.empty?
          puts "  => (none)"
        else
          first = true
          @input.each_pair do |key, value|
            if first
              puts "  => #{key}: #{value}"
              first = false
            else
              puts "     #{key}: #{value}"
            end
          end
        end
      end
      
      # @private
      def url
        puts "  => #{impact(:timeframe => @timeframe).methodology}"
      end
      
      # @private
      def methodology
        first = true
        impact(:timeframe => @timeframe).decisions.each do |name, report|
          if first
            w = '  => '
            first = false
          else
            w = '     '
          end
          puts w + "#{name}: #{report.methodology}"
        end
      end
      
      # @private
      def reports
        first = true
        impact(:timeframe => @timeframe).decisions.each do |name, report|
          if first
            w = '  => '
            first = false
          else
            w = '     '
          end
          puts w + "#{name}: #{report.object.inspect}"
        end
      end
      
      # @private
      def help
        puts "  => #{Emitter.characteristics(@emitter).join ', '}"
      end
      
      prompt_with do |emitter|
        if emitter._timeframe
          "#{emitter._name}[#{emitter._timeframe}]*"
        else          
          "#{emitter._name}*"
        end
      end
      
      # @private
      def _name
        @emitter
      end
      
      # @private
      def _timeframe
        @timeframe
      end
      
      # @private
      def inspect
        "#<Emitter[#{@emitter}]: #{@input.inspect}>"
      end
      
      # @private
      def done
        $emitters[@emitter] ||= []
        $emitters[@emitter] << @input
        puts "  => Saved as #{@emitter} ##{$emitters[@emitter].length - 1}"
        quit
      end
    end
  end
end

env.rb

require 'aruba/cucumber'
require 'fileutils'

$LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path('../../../lib', __FILE__)
require 'carbon/shell'

Before do
  @aruba_io_wait_seconds = 2
  @aruba_timeout_seconds = 5
  @dirs = [File.join(ENV['HOME'], 'carbon_features')]
end

Flight.yml

---
http_interactions:
- request:
    method: post
    uri: http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights.json
    body:
      encoding: US-ASCII
      string: key=carbon_test
    headers:
      accept:
      - ! '*/*'
      user-agent:
      - Ruby
      content-type:
      - application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  response:
    status:
      code: 200
      message: OK
    headers:
      server:
      - nginx
      date:
      - Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:37 GMT
      content-type:
      - application/json
      transfer-encoding:
      - chunked
      connection:
      - keep-alive
      status:
      - 200 OK
    body:
      encoding: US-ASCII
      string: ! '{"compliance":[],"decisions":{"carbon":{"description":"1087.2 kg","object":{"value":1087.1649532388976,"units":"kilograms"},"methodology":"from
        fuel use and greenhouse gas emission factor"},"ghg_emission_factor":{"description":"5.15214","object":5.15214,"methodology":"from
        fuel and aviation multiplier"},"aviation_multiplier":{"description":"2.0","object":2.0,"methodology":"default"},"energy":{"description":"7939.7
        MJ","object":{"value":7939.69681453416,"units":"megajoules"},"methodology":"from
        fuel use and fuel"},"fuel_use":{"description":"211.0123081358227","object":211.0123081358227,"methodology":"from
        fuel per segment, segments per trip, trips, freight_share, passengers, seat
        class multiplier, fuel, date, and timeframe"},"fuel_per_segment":{"description":"8477.788829453548","object":8477.788829453548,"methodology":"from
        adjusted distance per segment and fuel use coefficients"},"seat_class_multiplier":{"description":"1.0","object":1.0,"methodology":"default"},"distance_class":{"description":"short
        haul","object":{"flight_distance_class":{"distance":1108.0,"distance_units":"kilometres","max_distance":3700.0,"max_distance_units":"kilometres","min_distance":0.0,"min_distance_units":"kilometres","name":"short
        haul"}},"methodology":"from adjusted distance per segment"},"adjusted_distance_per_segment":{"description":"962.1615428278766","object":962.1615428278766,"methodology":"from
        adjusted distance and segments per trip"},"adjusted_distance":{"description":"1616.4313919508327","object":1616.4313919508327,"methodology":"from
        distance, route inefficiency factor, and dogleg factor"},"distance":{"description":"1262.599964160848","object":1262.599964160848,"methodology":"default"},"route_inefficiency_factor":{"description":"1.100000023841858","object":1.100000023841858,"methodology":"default"},"dogleg_factor":{"description":"1.1638548181950328","object":1.1638548181950328,"methodology":"from
        segments per trip"},"fuel_use_coefficients":{"description":"BrighterPlanet::Flight::ImpactModel::FuelUseEquation::Given","object":{"m3":1.0532072472371498e-07,"m2":-0.00015627733290887285,"m1":7.148223019744806,"b":1650.9061605236384},"methodology":"default"},"fuel":{"description":"Jet
        Fuel","object":{"fuel":{"biogenic_fraction":0.0,"carbon_content":18.672,"carbon_content_units":"grams_per_megajoule","co2_biogenic_emission_factor":0.0,"co2_biogenic_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","co2_emission_factor":2.57607,"co2_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","density":0.8156,"density_units":"kilograms_per_litre","energy_content":37.6267,"energy_content_units":"megajoules_per_litre","name":"Jet
        Fuel","oxidation_factor":1.0,"physical_units":null}},"methodology":"default"},"passengers":{"description":"131","object":131,"methodology":"from
        seats and load factor"},"seats":{"description":"169.27798641328772","object":169.27798641328772,"methodology":"default"},"load_factor":{"description":"0.7731146349652108","object":0.7731146349652108,"methodology":"default"},"freight_share":{"description":"0.06885888622195808","object":0.06885888622195808,"methodology":"default"},"trips":{"description":"1.7","object":1.7,"methodology":"default"},"segments_per_trip":{"description":"1.68","object":1.68,"methodology":"default"},"date":{"description":"2012-01-01","object":"2012-01-01","methodology":"from
        timeframe"}},"emitter":"Flight","equivalents":{"cars_off_the_road_for_a_year":0.19786402148947937,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_month":2.3721939279672744,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_week":10.279144632873777,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_day":72.15078928665267,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_year":0.39572804297895875,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_month":4.744387855934549,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_week":20.558289265747554,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_day":144.30157857330533,"one_way_domestic_flight":3.533286098026417,"round_trip_domestic_flight":1.7666430490132086,"one_way_cross_country_flight":1.2415423765988212,"round_trip_cross_country_flight":0.6207711882994106,"vegan_meals_instead_of_non_vegan_ones":874.8275047269489,"days_of_veganism":291.6091682423163,"weeks_of_veganism":41.657986678208076,"months_of_veganism":9.720341846908983,"years_of_veganism":0.7990662406305897,"barrels_of_petroleum":2.528745681233676,"canisters_of_bbq_propane":45.29890210660515,"railroad_cars_full_of_coal":0.005435824766194489,"homes_energy_in_a_year":0.10545500046417307,"homes_energy_in_a_month":1.2600241808038823,"homes_energy_in_a_week":5.458655230212505,"homes_energy_in_a_day":38.319303106811425,"homes_electricity_in_a_year":0.15981324812611794,"homes_electricity_in_a_month":1.9123231527472209,"homes_electricity_in_a_week":8.286371273586878,"homes_electricity_in_a_day":58.16223783332778,"homes_with_lowered_thermostat_2_degrees_for_a_winter":5.706528839550974,"homes_with_raised_thermostat_3_degrees_for_a_summer":2.5657092896437987,"replaced_refrigerators":1.09477510791157,"loads_of_cold_laundry":498.5325352871354,"lightbulbs_for_a_year":2.006906503679005,"lightbulbs_for_a_month":24.423160674511834,"lightbulbs_for_a_week":104.67006736793459,"lightbulbs_for_a_day":732.6937330704019,"lightbulbs_for_an_evening":4396.1634855873635,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_day":12471.386669121135,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_week":1781.626356398747,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_month":415.7133963143494,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_year":34.16850731534531,"days_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":277.14226420956624,"weeks_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":39.59128610210093,"months_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":9.237640607670912,"years_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":0.7588411373607507,"recycled_kgs_of_trash":749.7687458259719,"recycled_bags_of_trash":415.44377940594615},"methodology":"http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights?timeframe=2012-01-01%2F2013-01-01","scope":"The
        flight greenhouse gas emission is the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
        attributed to a single passenger on this flight. It includes CO2 emissions
        from combustion of non-biogenic fuel and extra forcing effects of high-altitude
        fuel combustion.","timeframe":"2012-01-01/2013-01-01","characteristics":{},"errors":["API
        key \"carbon_test\" could not be verified. Please register at http://keys.brighterplanet.com"]}'
    http_version: '1.1'
  recorded_at: Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:37 GMT
recorded_with: VCR 2.2.0

Flight_and_Automobile.yml

---
http_interactions:
- request:
    method: post
    uri: http://impact.brighterplanet.com/automobiles.json
    body:
      encoding: US-ASCII
      string: key=carbon_test
    headers:
      accept:
      - ! '*/*'
      user-agent:
      - Ruby
      content-type:
      - application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  response:
    status:
      code: 200
      message: OK
    headers:
      server:
      - nginx
      date:
      - Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:38 GMT
      content-type:
      - application/json
      transfer-encoding:
      - chunked
      connection:
      - keep-alive
      status:
      - 200 OK
    body:
      encoding: US-ASCII
      string: ! '{"compliance":[],"decisions":{"carbon":{"description":"5372.7 kg","object":{"value":5372.7062359752135,"units":"kilograms"},"methodology":"from
        co2 emission, ch4 emission, n2o emission, and hfc emission"},"co2_emission":{"description":"5120.937371594278","object":5120.937371594278,"methodology":"from
        fuel use and automobile fuel"},"co2_biogenic_emission":{"description":"0.0","object":0.0,"methodology":"from
        fuel use and automobile fuel"},"ch4_emission":{"description":"5.274612816444227","object":5.274612816444227,"methodology":"from
        fuel use and automobile fuel"},"n2o_emission":{"description":"17.935591286653448","object":17.935591286653448,"methodology":"from
        fuel use and automobile fuel"},"hfc_emission":{"description":"228.55866027783722","object":228.55866027783722,"methodology":"from
        fuel use and automobile fuel"},"energy":{"description":"75646.8 MJ","object":{"value":75646.77442646708,"units":"megajoules"},"methodology":"from
        fuel use and automobile fuel"},"fuel_use":{"description":"2,178.696861134417
        l","object":{"value":2178.696861134417,"units":"litres"},"methodology":"from
        fuel efficiency and distance"},"distance":{"description":"17923.116724381467","object":17923.116724381467,"methodology":"from
        annual distance"},"annual_distance":{"description":"17,923.116724381467 km","object":{"value":17923.116724381467,"units":"kilometres"},"methodology":"from
        automobile fuel"},"automobile_fuel":{"description":"fallback","object":{"automobile_fuel":{"annual_distance":17923.116724381467,"annual_distance_units":"kilometres","base_fuel_name":null,"blend_fuel_name":null,"blend_portion":null,"ch4_emission_factor":0.002420994361601003,"ch4_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_co2e_per_litre","co2_biogenic_emission_factor":0.0,"co2_biogenic_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","co2_emission_factor":2.3504588742684827,"co2_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","code":null,"distance_key":null,"ef_key":null,"emission_factor":null,"emission_factor_units":null,"energy_content":34.72111048394262,"energy_content_units":null,"hfc_emission_factor":0.1049061318970414,"hfc_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_co2e_per_litre","n2o_emission_factor":0.008232256449534075,"n2o_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_co2e_per_litre","name":"fallback"}},"methodology":"default"},"speed":{"description":"50.94382232429702
        km/h","object":{"value":50.94382232429702,"units":"kilometres_per_hour"},"methodology":"from
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        CO2 emissions from combustion of non-biogenic fuel, CH4 and N2O emissions
        from combustion of all fuel, and fugitive HFC emissions from air conditioning.","timeframe":"2012-01-01/2013-01-01","characteristics":{},"errors":["API
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  recorded_at: Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:38 GMT
recorded_with: VCR 2.2.0

flight_with_key_1.yml

---
http_interactions:
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  recorded_at: Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:42 GMT
recorded_with: VCR 2.2.0

flight_with_key_2.yml

---
http_interactions:
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  recorded_at: Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:43 GMT
recorded_with: VCR 2.2.0

Gemfile

source :rubygems

gemspec

helper.rb

require 'bundler/setup'

if ::Bundler.definition.specs['debugger'].first
  require 'debugger'
end

require 'carbon'

$:.unshift File.expand_path('../support', __FILE__)

module Utilities
  def flush_cache!
    CacheMethod.config.storage.flush
  end
end

require 'vcr'
VCR.configure do |c|
  c.cassette_library_dir = 'spec/cassettes'
  c.hook_into :fakeweb
end

RSpec.configure do |c|
  c.include Utilities
end

LAX-_SFO_flight.yml

---
http_interactions:
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    uri: http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights.json
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      string: origin_airport=LAX&destination_airport=SFO&segments_per_trip=1&trips=1&key=carbon_test
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  response:
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      message: OK
    headers:
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      date:
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    body:
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      string: ! '{"compliance":[],"decisions":{"carbon":{"description":"158.9 kg","object":{"value":158.88245012544277,"units":"kilograms"},"methodology":"from
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        fuel and aviation multiplier"},"aviation_multiplier":{"description":"2.0","object":2.0,"methodology":"default"},"energy":{"description":"1160.3
        MJ","object":{"value":1160.3377016414531,"units":"megajoules"},"methodology":"from
        fuel use and fuel"},"fuel_use":{"description":"30.838146891474757","object":30.838146891474757,"methodology":"from
        fuel per segment, segments per trip, trips, freight_share, passengers, seat
        class multiplier, fuel, date, and timeframe"},"fuel_per_segment":{"description":"2809.4943974548605","object":2809.4943974548605,"methodology":"from
        adjusted distance per segment and fuel use coefficients"},"seat_class_multiplier":{"description":"1.0","object":1.0,"methodology":"default"},"distance_class":{"description":"short
        haul","object":{"flight_distance_class":{"distance":1108.0,"distance_units":"kilometres","max_distance":3700.0,"max_distance_units":"kilometres","min_distance":0.0,"min_distance_units":"kilometres","name":"short
        haul"}},"methodology":"from adjusted distance per segment"},"adjusted_distance_per_segment":{"description":"314.11399481652126","object":314.11399481652126,"methodology":"from
        adjusted distance and segments per trip"},"adjusted_distance":{"description":"314.11399481652126","object":314.11399481652126,"methodology":"from
        distance, route inefficiency factor, and dogleg factor"},"distance":{"description":"293.56448113693574","object":293.56448113693574,"methodology":"from
        airports"},"route_inefficiency_factor":{"description":"1.07","object":1.07,"methodology":"from
        country"},"dogleg_factor":{"description":"1.0","object":1.0,"methodology":"from
        segments per trip"},"fuel_use_coefficients":{"description":"Fuel use equation","object":{"m3":1.0348093300372378e-07,"m2":-0.00023017671642226525,"m1":5.385202868809918,"b":1137.430624447256},"methodology":"from
        cohort"},"fuel":{"description":"Jet Fuel","object":{"fuel":{"biogenic_fraction":0.0,"carbon_content":18.672,"carbon_content_units":"grams_per_megajoule","co2_biogenic_emission_factor":0.0,"co2_biogenic_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","co2_emission_factor":2.57607,"co2_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","density":0.8156,"density_units":"kilograms_per_litre","energy_content":37.6267,"energy_content_units":"megajoules_per_litre","name":"Jet
        Fuel","oxidation_factor":1.0,"physical_units":null}},"methodology":"default"},"passengers":{"description":"110","object":110,"methodology":"from
        seats and load factor"},"seats":{"description":"141.62026378724536","object":141.62026378724536,"methodology":"from
        cohort"},"load_factor":{"description":"0.7786548902022515","object":0.7786548902022515,"methodology":"from
        cohort"},"freight_share":{"description":"0.01524089564944548","object":0.01524089564944548,"methodology":"from
        cohort"},"country":{"description":"US","object":{"country":{"automobile_city_speed":32.0259,"automobile_city_speed_units":"kilometres_per_hour","automobile_fuel_efficiency":9.2669,"automobile_fuel_efficiency_units":"kilometres_per_litre","automobile_highway_speed":91.8935,"automobile_highway_speed_units":"kilometres_per_hour","automobile_trip_distance":16.3348,"automobile_trip_distance_units":"kilometres","automobile_urbanity":0.43,"cooling_degree_days":882.0,"cooling_degree_days_units":"degrees_celsius","electricity_emission_factor":0.589455,"electricity_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_co2e_per_kilowatt_hour","electricity_loss_factor":0.0615633,"flight_route_inefficiency_factor":1.07,"heating_degree_days":2159.0,"heating_degree_days_units":"degrees_celsius","iso_3166_alpha_3_code":"USA","iso_3166_code":"US","iso_3166_numeric_code":840,"lodging_district_heat_intensity":1.7463,"lodging_district_heat_intensity_units":"megajoules_per_occupied_room_night","lodging_electricity_intensity":32.906,"lodging_electricity_intensity_units":"kilowatt_hours_per_occupied_room_night","lodging_fuel_oil_intensity":0.412389,"lodging_fuel_oil_intensity_units":"gallons_per_occupied_room_night","lodging_natural_gas_intensity":1.93316,"lodging_natural_gas_intensity_units":"cubic_metres_per_occupied_room_night","lodging_occupancy_rate":0.601,"name":"United
        States","rail_passengers":4467000000.0,"rail_speed":32.4972,"rail_speed_units":"kilometres_per_hour","rail_trip_co2_emission_factor":0.0957617,"rail_trip_co2_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_passenger_kilometre","rail_trip_diesel_intensity":0.0194247,"rail_trip_diesel_intensity_units":"litres_per_passenger_kilometre","rail_trip_distance":12.9952,"rail_trip_distance_units":"kilometres","rail_trip_electricity_intensity":0.140512,"rail_trip_electricity_intensity_units":"kilowatt_hours_per_passenger_kilometre"}},"methodology":"from
        origin airport and destination airport"},"cohort":{"description":"BrighterPlanet::Flight::ImpactModel::FlightSegmentCohort","object":{"members":157,"sql":"SELECT
        * FROM `flight_segments`  WHERE (`flight_segments`.`source` = ''BTS T100''
        AND `flight_segments`.`year` IN (2011, 2012) AND `flight_segments`.`passengers`
        > 0) AND `flight_segments`.`origin_airport_iata_code` = ''LAX'' AND `flight_segments`.`destination_airport_iata_code`
        = ''SFO''"},"methodology":"from segments per trip and input"},"date":{"description":"2012-01-01","object":"2012-01-01","methodology":"from
        timeframe"}},"emitter":"Flight","equivalents":{"cars_off_the_road_for_a_year":0.028916605922830584,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_month":0.3466815061737161,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_week":1.5022335659360615,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_day":10.544392685025134,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_year":0.05783321184566117,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_month":0.6933630123474323,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_week":3.004467131872123,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_day":21.088785370050267,"one_way_domestic_flight":0.5163679629076889,"round_trip_domestic_flight":0.25818398145384447,"one_way_cross_country_flight":0.18144375804325566,"round_trip_cross_country_flight":0.09072187902162783,"vegan_meals_instead_of_non_vegan_ones":127.85064214409218,"days_of_veganism":42.61688071469739,"weeks_of_veganism":6.088057723906716,"months_of_veganism":1.4205679865715837,"years_of_veganism":0.11677860084220043,"barrels_of_petroleum":0.36956057899177985,"canisters_of_bbq_propane":6.620155049376825,"railroad_cars_full_of_coal":0.000794412250627214,"homes_energy_in_a_year":0.01541159766216795,"homes_energy_in_a_month":0.18414475969538818,"homes_energy_in_a_week":0.7977487820798482,"homes_energy_in_a_day":5.600129719571481,"homes_electricity_in_a_year":0.023355720168440088,"homes_electricity_in_a_month":0.27947422977065384,"homes_electricity_in_a_week":1.2110020348561248,"homes_electricity_in_a_day":8.500052199261063,"homes_with_lowered_thermostat_2_degrees_for_a_winter":0.8339739807084492,"homes_with_raised_thermostat_3_degrees_for_a_summer":0.37496258229604496,"replaced_refrigerators":0.15999462727632088,"loads_of_cold_laundry":72.85745409442329,"lightbulbs_for_a_year":0.29329700293156735,"lightbulbs_for_a_month":3.5692942420680716,"lightbulbs_for_a_week":15.29688453317738,"lightbulbs_for_a_day":107.07866837959203,"lightbulbs_for_an_evening":642.4721691600023,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_day":1822.6162134352137,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_week":260.37369938147333,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_month":60.75394792631718,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_year":4.993516524992541,"days_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":40.50263195087812,"weeks_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":5.786022186218249,"months_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":1.350024178715887,"years_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":0.11089995018755906,"recycled_kgs_of_trash":109.57407614126224,"recycled_bags_of_trash":60.71454507868607},"methodology":"http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights?destination_airport=SFO&origin_airport=LAX&segments_per_trip=1&timeframe=2012-01-01%2F2013-01-01&trips=1","scope":"The
        flight greenhouse gas emission is the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
        attributed to a single passenger on this flight. It includes CO2 emissions
        from combustion of non-biogenic fuel and extra forcing effects of high-altitude
        fuel combustion.","timeframe":"2012-01-01/2013-01-01","characteristics":{"segments_per_trip":{"description":"1","object":1},"trips":{"description":"1","object":1},"origin_airport":{"description":"LAX","object":{"airport":{"city":"Los
        Angeles","country_iso_3166_code":"US","country_name":"United States","iata_code":"LAX","latitude":33.9425,"longitude":-118.408,"name":"Los
        Angeles International"}}},"destination_airport":{"description":"SFO","object":{"airport":{"city":"San
        Francisco","country_iso_3166_code":"US","country_name":"United States","iata_code":"SFO","latitude":37.619,"longitude":-122.375,"name":"San
        Francisco International"}}}},"errors":["API key \"carbon_test\" could not
        be verified. Please register at http://keys.brighterplanet.com"]}'
    http_version: '1.1'
  recorded_at: Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:39 GMT
recorded_with: VCR 2.2.0

Monkey.yml

---
http_interactions:
- request:
    method: post
    uri: http://impact.brighterplanet.com/monkeys.json
    body:
      encoding: US-ASCII
      string: key=carbon_test
    headers:
      accept:
      - ! '*/*'
      user-agent:
      - Ruby
      content-type:
      - application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  response:
    status:
      code: 404
      message: Not Found
    headers:
      server:
      - nginx
      date:
      - Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:40 GMT
      content-type:
      - application/json
      transfer-encoding:
      - chunked
      connection:
      - keep-alive
      status:
      - 404 Not Found
      etag:
      - b0dcd496ec3896280a7c636e2d5b9870
    body:
      encoding: US-ASCII
      string: ! '{name: "HTTPError", message: "404 Not found"}

'
    http_version: '1.1'
  recorded_at: Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:40 GMT
recorded_with: VCR 2.2.0

MULTI.markdown

Had this for a while

def self.impacts(enumerable)
  queries = enumerable.map do |instance|
    [ Registry.instance[instance.class.name].emitter, instance.impact_params ]
  end
  multi queries
end

Tested like this

describe :impacts do
  it "works" do
    impacts = Carbon.impacts(MyNissanAltima.all(:order => :year))
    impacts.length.must_equal 5
    impacts.map do |impact|
      impact.decisions.carbon.object.value.round
    end.uniq.length.must_be :>, 3
    impacts.each_with_index do |impact, idx|
      impact.decisions.carbon.object.value.must_be :>, 0
      impact.characteristics.make.description.must_match %r{Nissan}i
      impact.characteristics.year.description.to_i.must_equal(2000+idx)
    end
  end
end

my_nissan_altima.rb

class MyNissan
  def name
    'Nissan'
  end
  def to_s
    raise "Not fair!"
  end
  alias :inspect :to_s
end

class MyNissanAltima
  class << self
    def all(options)
      raise unless options == { :order => :year }
      [ new(2000), new(2001), new(2002), new(2003), new(2004) ]
    end
  end
  def initialize(model_year)
    @model_year = model_year
  end
  def       make; MyNissan.new end
  def      model; 'Altima'     end
  def model_year; @model_year  end # what BP knows as "year"
  def  fuel_type; 'R'          end # what BP knows as "automobile_fuel" and keys on "code"
  def   nil_make; nil          end
  def  nil_model; nil          end
  include Carbon
  emit_as 'Automobile' do
    provide(:make) { |my_nissan_altima| my_nissan_altima.make.try(:name) }
    provide :model
    provide :model_year, :as => :year
    provide :fuel_type, :as => :automobile_fuel, :key => :code
    provide(:nil_make) { |my_nissan_altima| my_nissan_altima.nil_make.try(:blam!) }
    provide :nil_model
  end
end

query.rb

require 'uri'
require 'net/http'
require 'multi_json'
require 'hashie/mash'
require 'cache_method'

module Carbon
  # @private
  class Query
    def Query.pool
      @pool || Thread.exclusive do
        @pool ||= QueryPool.pool(:size => CONCURRENCY)
      end
    end

    def Query.perform(*args)
      case method_signature(*args)
      when :plain_query, :obj
        new(*args).result
      when :array
        queries = args.first.map do |plain_query_or_obj|
          query = new(*plain_query_or_obj)
          pool.perform! query
          query
        end
        ticks = 0
        begin
          sleep(0.1*(2**ticks)) # exponential wait
          ticks += 1
        end until queries.all? { |query| query.done? }
        queries.inject({}) do |memo, query|
          memo[query.object] = query.result
          memo
        end
      else
        raise ::ArgumentError, "You must pass one plain query, or one object that responds to #as_impact_query, or an array of such objects. Please check the docs!"
      end
    end

    # Determine if a variable is a +[emitter, param]+ style "query"
    # @private
    def Query.is_plain_query?(query)
      return false unless query.is_a?(Array)
      return false unless query.first.is_a?(String) or query.first.is_a?(Symbol)
      return true if query.length == 1
      return true if query.length == 2 and query.last.is_a?(Hash)
      false
    end

    # Determine what method signature/overloading/calling style is being used
    # @private
    def Query.method_signature(*args)
      first_arg = args.first
      case args.length
      when 1
        if is_plain_query?(args)
          # query('Flight')
          :plain_query
        elsif first_arg.respond_to?(:as_impact_query)
          # query(my_flight)
          :obj
        elsif first_arg.is_a?(::Array) and first_arg.all? { |obj| obj.respond_to?(:as_impact_query) or is_plain_query?(obj) }
          # query([my_flight, my_flight])
          :array
        end
      when 2
        if is_plain_query?(args)
          # query('Flight', :origin_airport => 'LAX')
          :plain_query
        end
      end
    end

    attr_reader :emitter
    attr_reader :params
    attr_reader :domain
    attr_reader :uri
    attr_reader :object

    def initialize(*args)
      case Query.method_signature(*args)
      when :plain_query
        @object = args
        @emitter, @params = *args
      when :obj
        @object = args.first
        @emitter, @params = *object.as_impact_query
      else
        raise ArgumentError, "Carbon::Query.new must be called with a plain query or an object that responds to #as_impact_query"
      end
      @params ||= {}
      @domain = params.delete(:domain) || Carbon.domain
      if Carbon.key and not params.has_key?(:key)
        params[:key] = Carbon.key
      end
      @uri = URI.parse("#{domain}/#{emitter.underscore.pluralize}.json")
    end

    def done?
      not @result.nil? or cache_method_cached?(:result)
    end

    def result(extra_params = {})
      @result ||= get_result(extra_params)
    end
    cache_method :result, 3_600 # one hour

    def as_cache_key
      [ @domain, @emitter, @params ]
    end

    def hash
      as_cache_key.hash
    end

    def eql?(other)
      as_cache_key == other.as_cache_key
    end
    alias :== :eql?

    private

    def get_result(extra_params = {})
      raw = Net::HTTP.post_form uri, params.merge(extra_params)
      code = raw.code.to_i
      body = raw.body
      memo = Hashie::Mash.new
      memo.code = code
      case code
      when (200..299)
        memo.success = true
        memo.merge! MultiJson.load(body)
      else
        memo.success = false
        memo.errors = [body]
      end
      memo
    end
  end
end

query_pool.rb

require 'celluloid'

module Carbon
  class QueryPool
    include Celluloid

    def perform(query)
      query.result
    end
  end
end

query_spec.rb

require 'helper'
require 'carbon/query'
require 'my_nissan_altima'

describe Carbon::Query do
  let(:query) { Carbon::Query.new 'Flight' }

  describe '#as_impact_query' do
    it 'sets up an query to be run by Carbon.query' do
      a = MyNissanAltima.new(2006)
      a.as_impact_query.should == ["Automobile", {:make=>"Nissan", :model=>"Altima", :year=>2006, "automobile_fuel[code]"=>"R", :key=>Carbon.key}]
    end
    it 'only includes non-nil params' do
      a = MyNissanAltima.new(2006)
      a.as_impact_query[1].keys.should include(:year)
      a.as_impact_query[1].keys.should_not include(:nil_model)
      a.as_impact_query[1].keys.should_not include(:nil_make)
    end
    it 'includes Carbon.key' do
      begin
        random_key = rand(1e11)
        old_carbon_key = Carbon.key
        Carbon.key = random_key
        a = MyNissanAltima.new(2006)
        a.as_impact_query[1][:key].should == random_key
      ensure
        Carbon.key = old_carbon_key
      end
    end
    it "allows key to be set" do
      begin
        random_key = rand(1e11)
        old_carbon_key = Carbon.key
        Carbon.key = random_key
        a = MyNissanAltima.new(2006)
        a.as_impact_query(:key => 'i want to use this key!')[1][:key].should == 'i want to use this key!'
      ensure
        Carbon.key = old_carbon_key
      end
    end

  end

  describe '.method_signature' do
    it 'recognizes emitter_param' do
      Carbon::Query.method_signature('Flight').should == :plain_query
      Carbon::Query.method_signature('Flight', :origin_airport => 'LAX').should == :plain_query
      Carbon::Query.method_signature(:flight).should == :plain_query
      Carbon::Query.method_signature(:flight, :origin_airport => 'LAX').should == :plain_query
    end
    it 'recognizes an object' do
      Carbon::Query.method_signature(MyNissanAltima.new(2006)).should == :obj
    end
    it 'recognizes an array of signatures' do
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([MyNissanAltima.new(2001)]).should == :array
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([['Flight']]).should == :array
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([['Flight', {:origin_airport => 'LAX'}]]).should == :array
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([['Flight'], ['Flight']]).should == :array
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([['Flight', {:origin_airport => 'LAX'}], ['Flight', {:origin_airport => 'LAX'}]]).should == :array
      [MyNissanAltima.new(2006), ['Flight'], ['Flight', {:origin_airport => 'LAX'}]].permutation.each do |p|
        Carbon::Query.method_signature(p).should == :array
      end
    end
    it "does not accept splats for concurrent queries" do
      Carbon::Query.method_signature(['Flight'], ['Flight']).should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature(MyNissanAltima.new(2001), MyNissanAltima.new(2001)).should be_nil
      [MyNissanAltima.new(2006), ['Flight'], ['Flight', {:origin_airport => 'LAX'}]].permutation.each do |p|
        Carbon::Query.method_signature(*p).should be_nil
      end
    end
    it "does not like weirdness" do
      Carbon::Query.method_signature('Flight', 'Flight').should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature('Flight', ['Flight']).should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature(['Flight'], 'Flight').should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature(['Flight', 'Flight']).should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature(['Flight', ['Flight']]).should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([['Flight'], 'Flight']).should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature(MyNissanAltima.new(2001), [MyNissanAltima.new(2001)]).should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([MyNissanAltima.new(2001)], MyNissanAltima.new(2001)).should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([MyNissanAltima.new(2001)], [MyNissanAltima.new(2001)]).should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([MyNissanAltima.new(2001), [MyNissanAltima.new(2001)]]).should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([[MyNissanAltima.new(2001)], MyNissanAltima.new(2001)]).should be_nil
      Carbon::Query.method_signature([[MyNissanAltima.new(2001)], [MyNissanAltima.new(2001)]]).should be_nil
    end
  end

  describe '.perform' do
    it 'returns a single result for a single query' do
      VCR.use_cassette 'Flight', :record => :once do
        Carbon::Query.perform('Flight').should be_a(Hashie::Mash)
      end
    end
    it 'returns a hash of queries and results for multiple queries' do
      results = nil
      VCR.use_cassette 'Flight and Automobile', :record => :once do
        results = Carbon::Query.perform([['Flight'], ['Automobile']])
      end
      results.length.should == 2
      results.keys.should == [['Flight'], ['Automobile']]
      results.values.each do |val|
        val.should be_a(Hashie::Mash)
      end
    end
  end
end

Rakefile

#!/usr/bin/env rake

require 'bundler/setup'

require 'bundler/gem_tasks'

require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new
task :test => :spec

require 'cucumber/rake/task'
Cucumber::Rake::Task.new

require 'yard'
YARD::Rake::YardocTask.new do |y|
  y.options << '--no-private' << '--title' << "Brighter Planet CM1 client for Ruby"
end

task :default => [:spec, :cucumber]

namespace :avro do
  task :setup do
    require 'rubygems'
    require 'bundler/setup'
    require File.expand_path("../developer/avro_helper", __FILE__)
    require File.expand_path("../developer/cm1_avro", __FILE__)
    @cm1 = Cm1Avro::Impact.new
  end
  task :api_paths => 'avro:setup' do
    ary = []
    AvroHelper.api_paths(@cm1.avro_response_schema) { |path| ary << path }
    $stdout.write ary.sort.join("\n")
  end
  task :json => 'avro:setup' do
    $stdout.write MultiJson.dump(@cm1.avro_response_schema)
  end
  task :example => 'avro:setup' do
    require 'tempfile'
    file = Tempfile.new('com.brighterplanet.Cm1.example.avr')
    parsed_schema = Avro::Schema.parse(MultiJson.dump(@cm1.avro_response_schema))
    writer = Avro::IO::DatumWriter.new(parsed_schema)
    dw = Avro::DataFile::Writer.new(file, writer, parsed_schema)
    dw << AvroHelper.recursively_stringify_keys(@cm1.example)
    dw.close
    file.close
    $stdout.write File.read(file.path)
  end
end

registry.rb

require 'singleton'

module Carbon
  # Used internally to hold the information about how each class that has called `emit_as`.
  class Registry < ::Hash
    include ::Singleton

    # Used internally to record the emitter and parameters (characteristics) provided by a class that has called `emit_as`.
    # Can't use my magic sprinkles (::Struct) because of yardoc
    # @private
    class Registration < Struct.new(:emitter, :characteristics)
    end

    # Used internally when instance-eval'ing the +emit_as+ DSL.
    class Registrar
      # @private
      def initialize(klass, emitter)
        @klass = klass
        Registry.instance[klass.name] = Registration.new
        Registry.instance[klass.name].emitter = emitter
        Registry.instance[klass.name].characteristics = {}
      end
      
      # Indicate that you will send in a piece of data about the emitter.
      #
      # Called inside of {Carbon::ClassMethods#emit_as} blocks.
      #
      # @param [Symbol] method_id What method to call to get the value in question.
      #
      # @option translation_options [Symbol] :as (name of the method) If your method name does not match the Brighter Planet characteristic name.
      # @option translation_options [Symbol] :key (a number of columns) What you are keying on. By default, we do a fuzzy match against a number of fields, including full names and various codes.
      #
      # @return [nil]
      #
      # @note It's suggested that you use {http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/Object.html#method-i-try Object#try} to cheaply avoid +undefined method `iata_code` for nil:NilClass+. It will be available because this class includes +active_support/core_ext+ anyway.
      #
      # @yield [] Pass a block for the common use case of calling a method on a object.
      #
      # Things to note in the MyFlight example:
      #
      # * Sending +:origin+ to Brighter Planet *as* +:origin_airport+. Otherwise Brighter Planet won't recognize +:origin+.
      # * Saying we're *keying* on one code or another. Otherwise Brighter Planet will first try against full names and possibly other columns.
      # * Giving *blocks* to pull codes from +MyAircraft+ and +MyAirline+ objects. Otherwise you might get a querystring like +airline[iata_code]=#<MyAirline [...]>+
      #
      # @example The canonical MyFlight example
      #   emit_as 'Flight' do
      #     provide :segments_per_trip
      #     provide :trips
      #     provide :origin, :as => :origin_airport, :key => :iata_code
      #     provide :destination, :as => :destination_airport, :key => :iata_code
      #     provide(:airline, :key => :iata_code) { |f| f.airline.try(:iata_code) }
      #     provide(:aircraft, :key => :icao_code) { { |f| f.aircraft.try(:icao_code) }
      #   end
      #
      # @example Your method is named one thing but should be sent +:as+ something else.
      #   provide :my_distance, :as => :distance
      #
      # @example You are keying on something well-known like {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airline_codes IATA airline codes}.
      #   provide(:airline, :key => :iata_code) { |f| f.airline.try(:iata_code) }
      #
      # @example Better to use a block
      #   provide(:airline, :key => :iata_code) { |f| f.airline.try(:iata_code) }
      #   # is equivalent to
      #   def airline_iata_code
      #     airline.iata_code
      #   end
      #   provide :airline_iata_code, :as => :airline, :key => :iata_code
      def provide(method_id, translation_options = {}, &blk)
        translation_options = translation_options.dup
        if block_given?
          translation_options[:blk] = blk
        end
        Registry.instance[@klass.name].characteristics[method_id] = translation_options
      end
    end
  end
end

shell.feature

Feature: Shell

  In order to explore the CM1 API
  As a potential client
  I want to make simple calculations from an interactive console
  
  Scenario: Running the shell
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      carbon->
      """

  Scenario: Setting a key
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "key 'abc'"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      Using key abc
      """

  Scenario: Seeing a list of emitters
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "help"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      Computation
      """

  Scenario: Getting a calculation
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      kg CO2e
      """

  Scenario: Seeing a list of characteristics
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "help"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      duration
      """

  Scenario: Setting a characteristic
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "duration 10"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      kg CO2e
      """

  Scenario: Retrieving the default timeframe
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "timeframe"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      (defaults to current year)
      """

  Scenario: Setting the timeframe
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "timeframe '2009'"
    And I type "timeframe"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      => 2009
      """

  Scenario: Getting the current emission
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "emission"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      kg CO2e
      """

  Scenario: Using a different unit
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "lbs"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      lbs CO2e
      """

  Scenario: Retrieving default characteristics
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "characteristics"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      (none)
      """

  Scenario: Retrieving set characteristics
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "duration 10; characteristics; done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      duration: 10
      """

  Scenario: Retrieving default methodology
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "methodology"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      duration: default
      """

  Scenario: Retrieving customized methodology
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "duration 10; methodology; done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should not contain:
      """
      duration:
      """

  Scenario: Retrieving reports
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "reports"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      power_usage_effectiveness: 1.5
      """

  Scenario: Retrieving methodology URL
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "duration 10"
    And I type "url"
    And I type "done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should contain:
      """
      http://impact.brighterplanet.com/computations?duration=10
      """

  Scenario: Retrieving stored emitter
    When I run `carbon` interactively
    And I type "computation"
    And I type "duration 10; done"
    And I type "computation 0; characteristics; done"
    And I type "exit"
    Then the output should not contain:
      """
      duration: 10
      """

shell.rb

require 'carbon'
require 'bombshell'
require 'conversions'
require 'brighter_planet_metadata'

module Carbon
  # @private
  class Shell < Bombshell::Environment
    class << self
      # @private
      def emitters
        ::BrighterPlanet.metadata.emitters
      end
    end

    include Bombshell::Shell
    
    before_launch do
      $emitters = {}
      emitters.map(&:underscore).each do |e|
        define_method e.to_sym do |*args|
          if args.any? and num = args.first and saved = $emitters[e.to_sym][num]
            emitter e.to_sym, saved
          else
            emitter e.to_sym
          end
        end
      end
    end
    
    prompt_with 'carbon-'

    # @private
    def help
      puts "  => #{self.class.emitters.join ', '}"
    end

    # @private
    def key(k)
      ::Carbon.key = k
      puts "  => Using key #{::Carbon.key}"
    end

    # @private
    def emitter(e, saved = {})
      Emitter.launch e, saved
    end
  end
end

if File.exist?(dotfile = File.join(ENV['HOME'], '.brighter_planet'))
  if (key = File.read(dotfile).strip).present?
    ::Carbon.key = key
  end
end

require 'carbon/shell/emitter'

timeframed_flight.yml

---
http_interactions:
- request:
    method: post
    uri: http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights.json
    body:
      encoding: US-ASCII
      string: timeframe=2009-01-01%2F2010-01-01&key=carbon_test
    headers:
      accept:
      - ! '*/*'
      user-agent:
      - Ruby
      content-type:
      - application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  response:
    status:
      code: 200
      message: OK
    headers:
      server:
      - nginx
      date:
      - Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:40 GMT
      content-type:
      - application/json
      transfer-encoding:
      - chunked
      connection:
      - keep-alive
      status:
      - 200 OK
    body:
      encoding: US-ASCII
      string: ! '{"compliance":[],"decisions":{"carbon":{"description":"1087.2 kg","object":{"value":1087.1649532388976,"units":"kilograms"},"methodology":"from
        fuel use and greenhouse gas emission factor"},"ghg_emission_factor":{"description":"5.15214","object":5.15214,"methodology":"from
        fuel and aviation multiplier"},"aviation_multiplier":{"description":"2.0","object":2.0,"methodology":"default"},"energy":{"description":"7939.7
        MJ","object":{"value":7939.69681453416,"units":"megajoules"},"methodology":"from
        fuel use and fuel"},"fuel_use":{"description":"211.0123081358227","object":211.0123081358227,"methodology":"from
        fuel per segment, segments per trip, trips, freight_share, passengers, seat
        class multiplier, fuel, date, and timeframe"},"fuel_per_segment":{"description":"8477.788829453548","object":8477.788829453548,"methodology":"from
        adjusted distance per segment and fuel use coefficients"},"seat_class_multiplier":{"description":"1.0","object":1.0,"methodology":"default"},"distance_class":{"description":"short
        haul","object":{"flight_distance_class":{"distance":1108.0,"distance_units":"kilometres","max_distance":3700.0,"max_distance_units":"kilometres","min_distance":0.0,"min_distance_units":"kilometres","name":"short
        haul"}},"methodology":"from adjusted distance per segment"},"adjusted_distance_per_segment":{"description":"962.1615428278766","object":962.1615428278766,"methodology":"from
        adjusted distance and segments per trip"},"adjusted_distance":{"description":"1616.4313919508327","object":1616.4313919508327,"methodology":"from
        distance, route inefficiency factor, and dogleg factor"},"distance":{"description":"1262.599964160848","object":1262.599964160848,"methodology":"default"},"route_inefficiency_factor":{"description":"1.100000023841858","object":1.100000023841858,"methodology":"default"},"dogleg_factor":{"description":"1.1638548181950328","object":1.1638548181950328,"methodology":"from
        segments per trip"},"fuel_use_coefficients":{"description":"BrighterPlanet::Flight::ImpactModel::FuelUseEquation::Given","object":{"m3":1.0532072472371498e-07,"m2":-0.00015627733290887285,"m1":7.148223019744806,"b":1650.9061605236384},"methodology":"default"},"fuel":{"description":"Jet
        Fuel","object":{"fuel":{"biogenic_fraction":0.0,"carbon_content":18.672,"carbon_content_units":"grams_per_megajoule","co2_biogenic_emission_factor":0.0,"co2_biogenic_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","co2_emission_factor":2.57607,"co2_emission_factor_units":"kilograms_per_litre","density":0.8156,"density_units":"kilograms_per_litre","energy_content":37.6267,"energy_content_units":"megajoules_per_litre","name":"Jet
        Fuel","oxidation_factor":1.0,"physical_units":null}},"methodology":"default"},"passengers":{"description":"131","object":131,"methodology":"from
        seats and load factor"},"seats":{"description":"169.27798641328772","object":169.27798641328772,"methodology":"default"},"load_factor":{"description":"0.7731146349652108","object":0.7731146349652108,"methodology":"default"},"freight_share":{"description":"0.06885888622195808","object":0.06885888622195808,"methodology":"default"},"trips":{"description":"1.7","object":1.7,"methodology":"default"},"segments_per_trip":{"description":"1.68","object":1.68,"methodology":"default"},"date":{"description":"2009-01-01","object":"2009-01-01","methodology":"from
        timeframe"}},"emitter":"Flight","equivalents":{"cars_off_the_road_for_a_year":0.19786402148947937,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_month":2.3721939279672744,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_week":10.279144632873777,"cars_off_the_road_for_a_day":72.15078928665267,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_year":0.39572804297895875,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_month":4.744387855934549,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_week":20.558289265747554,"cars_to_priuses_for_a_day":144.30157857330533,"one_way_domestic_flight":3.533286098026417,"round_trip_domestic_flight":1.7666430490132086,"one_way_cross_country_flight":1.2415423765988212,"round_trip_cross_country_flight":0.6207711882994106,"vegan_meals_instead_of_non_vegan_ones":874.8275047269489,"days_of_veganism":291.6091682423163,"weeks_of_veganism":41.657986678208076,"months_of_veganism":9.720341846908983,"years_of_veganism":0.7990662406305897,"barrels_of_petroleum":2.528745681233676,"canisters_of_bbq_propane":45.29890210660515,"railroad_cars_full_of_coal":0.005435824766194489,"homes_energy_in_a_year":0.10545500046417307,"homes_energy_in_a_month":1.2600241808038823,"homes_energy_in_a_week":5.458655230212505,"homes_energy_in_a_day":38.319303106811425,"homes_electricity_in_a_year":0.15981324812611794,"homes_electricity_in_a_month":1.9123231527472209,"homes_electricity_in_a_week":8.286371273586878,"homes_electricity_in_a_day":58.16223783332778,"homes_with_lowered_thermostat_2_degrees_for_a_winter":5.706528839550974,"homes_with_raised_thermostat_3_degrees_for_a_summer":2.5657092896437987,"replaced_refrigerators":1.09477510791157,"loads_of_cold_laundry":498.5325352871354,"lightbulbs_for_a_year":2.006906503679005,"lightbulbs_for_a_month":24.423160674511834,"lightbulbs_for_a_week":104.67006736793459,"lightbulbs_for_a_day":732.6937330704019,"lightbulbs_for_an_evening":4396.1634855873635,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_day":12471.386669121135,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_week":1781.626356398747,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_month":415.7133963143494,"lightbulbs_to_CFLs_for_a_year":34.16850731534531,"days_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":277.14226420956624,"weeks_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":39.59128610210093,"months_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":9.237640607670912,"years_with_lightbulbs_to_CFLs":0.7588411373607507,"recycled_kgs_of_trash":749.7687458259719,"recycled_bags_of_trash":415.44377940594615},"methodology":"http://impact.brighterplanet.com/flights?timeframe=2009-01-01%2F2010-01-01","scope":"The
        flight greenhouse gas emission is the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
        attributed to a single passenger on this flight. It includes CO2 emissions
        from combustion of non-biogenic fuel and extra forcing effects of high-altitude
        fuel combustion.","timeframe":"2009-01-01/2010-01-01","characteristics":{},"errors":["API
        key \"carbon_test\" could not be verified. Please register at http://keys.brighterplanet.com"]}'
    http_version: '1.1'
  recorded_at: Fri, 08 Jun 2012 21:05:40 GMT
recorded_with: VCR 2.2.0

version.rb

module Carbon
  VERSION = "3.0.0"
end