single-source vulkan triangle

triangle.cxx

#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vulkan/common.h>

// Shader interface helper variables.
template<auto index, typename type_t = @enum_type(index)>
[[using spirv: in, location((int)index)]]
type_t shader_in;

template<auto index, typename type_t = @enum_type(index)>
[[using spirv: out, location((int)index)]]
type_t shader_out;

[[spirv::vert]]
void vert_main() {
  const vec2 positions[3] {
    0.0, -0.5,
    0.5, 0.5,
    -0.5, 0.5,
  };
  const vec3 colors[3] {
    1, 0, 0,
    0, 1, 0,
    0, 0, 1,
  };

  glvert_Output.Position = vec4(positions[glvert_VertexIndex], 0, 1);
  shader_out<0, vec3> = colors[glvert_VertexIndex];
}

[[spirv::frag]]
void frag_main() {
  shader_out<0, vec4> = vec4(shader_in<0, vec3>, 1);
}

const int MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 2;

struct Init {
  GLFWwindow* window;
  vkb::Instance instance;
  VkSurfaceKHR surface;
  vkb::Device device;
  vkb::Swapchain swapchain;
};

struct RenderData {
  VkQueue graphics_queue;
  VkQueue present_queue;

  std::vector<VkImage> swapchain_images;
  std::vector<VkImageView> swapchain_image_views;
  std::vector<VkFramebuffer> framebuffers;

  VkRenderPass render_pass;
  VkPipelineLayout pipeline_layout;
  VkPipeline graphics_pipeline;

  VkCommandPool command_pool;
  std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> command_buffers;

  std::vector<VkSemaphore> available_semaphores;
  std::vector<VkSemaphore> finished_semaphore;
  std::vector<VkFence> in_flight_fences;
  std::vector<VkFence> image_in_flight;
  size_t current_frame = 0;
};

int device_initialization (Init& init) {
  init.window = create_window_glfw ("Vulkan Triangle", true);

  vkb::InstanceBuilder instance_builder;
  auto instance_ret = instance_builder.use_default_debug_messenger ().request_validation_layers ().build ();
  if (!instance_ret) {
    std::cout << instance_ret.error ().message () << "\n";
    return -1;
  }
  init.instance = instance_ret.value ();

  init.surface = create_surface_glfw (init.instance.instance, init.window);

  vkb::PhysicalDeviceSelector phys_device_selector (init.instance);
  auto phys_device_ret = phys_device_selector.set_surface (init.surface).select ();
  if (!phys_device_ret) {
    std::cout << phys_device_ret.error ().message () << "\n";
    return -1;
  }
  vkb::PhysicalDevice physical_device = phys_device_ret.value ();

  vkb::DeviceBuilder device_builder{ physical_device };
  auto device_ret = device_builder.build ();
  if (!device_ret) {
    std::cout << device_ret.error ().message () << "\n";
    return -1;
  }
  init.device = device_ret.value ();

  return 0;
}

int create_swapchain (Init& init) {

  vkb::SwapchainBuilder swapchain_builder{ init.device };
  auto swap_ret = swapchain_builder.set_old_swapchain (init.swapchain).build ();
  if (!swap_ret) {
    std::cout << swap_ret.error ().message () << " " << swap_ret.vk_result () << "\n";
        return -1;
  }
    vkb::destroy_swapchain(init.swapchain);
  init.swapchain = swap_ret.value ();
  return 0;
}

int get_queues (Init& init, RenderData& data) {
  auto gq = init.device.get_queue (vkb::QueueType::graphics);
  if (!gq.has_value ()) {
    std::cout << "failed to get graphics queue: " << gq.error ().message () << "\n";
    return -1;
  }
  data.graphics_queue = gq.value ();

  auto pq = init.device.get_queue (vkb::QueueType::present);
  if (!pq.has_value ()) {
    std::cout << "failed to get present queue: " << pq.error ().message () << "\n";
    return -1;
  }
  data.present_queue = pq.value ();
  return 0;
}

int create_render_pass (Init& init, RenderData& data) {
  VkAttachmentDescription color_attachment = {};
  color_attachment.format = init.swapchain.image_format;
  color_attachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
  color_attachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
  color_attachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
  color_attachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
  color_attachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
  color_attachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
  color_attachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

  VkAttachmentReference color_attachment_ref = {};
  color_attachment_ref.attachment = 0;
  color_attachment_ref.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

  VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
  subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
  subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
  subpass.pColorAttachments = &color_attachment_ref;

  VkSubpassDependency dependency = {};
  dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
  dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
  dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
  dependency.srcAccessMask = 0;
  dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
  dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;

  VkRenderPassCreateInfo render_pass_info = {};
  render_pass_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
  render_pass_info.attachmentCount = 1;
  render_pass_info.pAttachments = &color_attachment;
  render_pass_info.subpassCount = 1;
  render_pass_info.pSubpasses = &subpass;
  render_pass_info.dependencyCount = 1;
  render_pass_info.pDependencies = &dependency;

  if (vkCreateRenderPass (init.device.device, &render_pass_info, nullptr, &data.render_pass) != VK_SUCCESS) {
    std::cout << "failed to create render pass\n";
    return -1; // failed to create render pass!
  }
  return 0;
}

std::vector<char> readFile (const std::string& filename) {
  std::ifstream file (filename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);

  if (!file.is_open ()) {
    throw std::runtime_error ("failed to open file!");
  }

  size_t file_size = (size_t)file.tellg ();
  std::vector<char> buffer (file_size);

  file.seekg (0);
  file.read (buffer.data (), static_cast<std::streamsize> (file_size));

  file.close ();

  return buffer;
}

VkShaderModule createShaderModule (Init& init) {
  VkShaderModuleCreateInfo create_info = {};
  create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
  create_info.codeSize = __spirv_size;
  create_info.pCode = (const uint32_t*)__spirv_data;

  VkShaderModule shaderModule;
  if (vkCreateShaderModule (init.device.device, &create_info, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS) {
    return VK_NULL_HANDLE; // failed to create shader module
  }

  return shaderModule;
}

int create_graphics_pipeline (Init& init, RenderData& data) {
  VkShaderModule module = createShaderModule (init);
  if (module == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
    std::cout << "failed to create shader module\n";
    return -1; // failed to create shader modules
  }

  VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vert_stage_info = {};
  vert_stage_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
  vert_stage_info.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
  vert_stage_info.module = module;
  vert_stage_info.pName = @spirv(vert_main);

  VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo frag_stage_info = {};
  frag_stage_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
  frag_stage_info.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
  frag_stage_info.module = module;
  frag_stage_info.pName = @spirv(frag_main);

  VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shader_stages[] = { vert_stage_info, frag_stage_info };

  VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertex_input_info = {};
  vertex_input_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
  vertex_input_info.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0;
  vertex_input_info.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0;

  VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly = {};
  input_assembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
  input_assembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
  input_assembly.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;

  VkViewport viewport = {};
  viewport.x = 0.0f;
  viewport.y = 0.0f;
  viewport.width = (float)init.swapchain.extent.width;
  viewport.height = (float)init.swapchain.extent.height;
  viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
  viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;

  VkRect2D scissor = {};
  scissor.offset = { 0, 0 };
  scissor.extent = init.swapchain.extent;

  VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewport_state = {};
  viewport_state.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
  viewport_state.viewportCount = 1;
  viewport_state.pViewports = &viewport;
  viewport_state.scissorCount = 1;
  viewport_state.pScissors = &scissor;

  VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer = {};
  rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
  rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
  rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
  rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
  rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f;
  rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
  rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
  rasterizer.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;

  VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling = {};
  multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
  multisampling.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
  multisampling.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;

  VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment = {};
  colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT |
                                        VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
  colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;

  VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo color_blending = {};
  color_blending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
  color_blending.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
  color_blending.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY;
  color_blending.attachmentCount = 1;
  color_blending.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachment;
  color_blending.blendConstants[0] = 0.0f;
  color_blending.blendConstants[1] = 0.0f;
  color_blending.blendConstants[2] = 0.0f;
  color_blending.blendConstants[3] = 0.0f;

  VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipeline_layout_info = {};
  pipeline_layout_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
  pipeline_layout_info.setLayoutCount = 0;
  pipeline_layout_info.pushConstantRangeCount = 0;

  if (vkCreatePipelineLayout (
          init.device.device, &pipeline_layout_info, nullptr, &data.pipeline_layout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
    std::cout << "failed to create pipeline layout\n";
    return -1; // failed to create pipeline layout
  }

  std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamic_states = { VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT, VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR };

  VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamic_info = {};
  dynamic_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
  dynamic_info.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t> (dynamic_states.size ());
  dynamic_info.pDynamicStates = dynamic_states.data ();

  VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipeline_info = {};
  pipeline_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
  pipeline_info.stageCount = 2;
  pipeline_info.pStages = shader_stages;
  pipeline_info.pVertexInputState = &vertex_input_info;
  pipeline_info.pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly;
  pipeline_info.pViewportState = &viewport_state;
  pipeline_info.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer;
  pipeline_info.pMultisampleState = &multisampling;
  pipeline_info.pColorBlendState = &color_blending;
  pipeline_info.pDynamicState = &dynamic_info;
  pipeline_info.layout = data.pipeline_layout;
  pipeline_info.renderPass = data.render_pass;
  pipeline_info.subpass = 0;
  pipeline_info.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

  if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines (
          init.device.device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipeline_info, nullptr, &data.graphics_pipeline) != VK_SUCCESS) {
    std::cout << "failed to create pipline\n";
    return -1; // failed to create graphics pipeline
  }

  vkDestroyShaderModule (init.device.device, module, nullptr);
  return 0;
}

int create_framebuffers (Init& init, RenderData& data) {
  data.swapchain_images = init.swapchain.get_images ().value ();
  data.swapchain_image_views = init.swapchain.get_image_views ().value ();

  data.framebuffers.resize (data.swapchain_image_views.size ());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < data.swapchain_image_views.size (); i++) {
    VkImageView attachments[] = { data.swapchain_image_views[i] };

    VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebuffer_info = {};
    framebuffer_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    framebuffer_info.renderPass = data.render_pass;
    framebuffer_info.attachmentCount = 1;
    framebuffer_info.pAttachments = attachments;
    framebuffer_info.width = init.swapchain.extent.width;
    framebuffer_info.height = init.swapchain.extent.height;
    framebuffer_info.layers = 1;

    if (vkCreateFramebuffer (init.device.device, &framebuffer_info, nullptr, &data.framebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
      return -1; // failed to create framebuffer
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

int create_command_pool (Init& init, RenderData& data) {
  VkCommandPoolCreateInfo pool_info = {};
  pool_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
  pool_info.queueFamilyIndex = init.device.get_queue_index (vkb::QueueType::graphics).value ();

  if (vkCreateCommandPool (init.device.device, &pool_info, nullptr, &data.command_pool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
    std::cout << "failed to create command pool\n";
    return -1; // failed to create command pool
  }
  return 0;
}

int create_command_buffers (Init& init, RenderData& data) {
  data.command_buffers.resize (data.framebuffers.size ());

  VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
  allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
  allocInfo.commandPool = data.command_pool;
  allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
  allocInfo.commandBufferCount = (uint32_t)data.command_buffers.size ();

  if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers (init.device.device, &allocInfo, data.command_buffers.data ()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
    return -1; // failed to allocate command buffers;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < data.command_buffers.size (); i++) {
    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info = {};
    begin_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;

    if (vkBeginCommandBuffer (data.command_buffers[i], &begin_info) != VK_SUCCESS) {
      return -1; // failed to begin recording command buffer
    }

    VkRenderPassBeginInfo render_pass_info = {};
    render_pass_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
    render_pass_info.renderPass = data.render_pass;
    render_pass_info.framebuffer = data.framebuffers[i];
    render_pass_info.renderArea.offset = { 0, 0 };
    render_pass_info.renderArea.extent = init.swapchain.extent;
    VkClearValue clearColor{ { { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } } };
    render_pass_info.clearValueCount = 1;
    render_pass_info.pClearValues = &clearColor;

    VkViewport viewport = {};
    viewport.x = 0.0f;
    viewport.y = 0.0f;
    viewport.width = (float)init.swapchain.extent.width;
    viewport.height = (float)init.swapchain.extent.height;
    viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
    viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;

    VkRect2D scissor = {};
    scissor.offset = { 0, 0 };
    scissor.extent = init.swapchain.extent;

    vkCmdSetViewport (data.command_buffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);
    vkCmdSetScissor (data.command_buffers[i], 0, 1, &scissor);

    vkCmdBeginRenderPass (data.command_buffers[i], &render_pass_info, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

    vkCmdBindPipeline (data.command_buffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, data.graphics_pipeline);

    vkCmdDraw (data.command_buffers[i], 3, 1, 0, 0);

    vkCmdEndRenderPass (data.command_buffers[i]);

    if (vkEndCommandBuffer (data.command_buffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
      std::cout << "failed to record command buffer\n";
      return -1; // failed to record command buffer!
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

int create_sync_objects (Init& init, RenderData& data) {
  data.available_semaphores.resize (MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
  data.finished_semaphore.resize (MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
  data.in_flight_fences.resize (MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
  data.image_in_flight.resize (init.swapchain.image_count, VK_NULL_HANDLE);

  VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphore_info = {};
  semaphore_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;

  VkFenceCreateInfo fence_info = {};
  fence_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
  fence_info.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
    if (vkCreateSemaphore (init.device.device, &semaphore_info, nullptr, &data.available_semaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
        vkCreateSemaphore (init.device.device, &semaphore_info, nullptr, &data.finished_semaphore[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
        vkCreateFence (init.device.device, &fence_info, nullptr, &data.in_flight_fences[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
      std::cout << "failed to create sync objects\n";
      return -1; // failed to create synchronization objects for a frame
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

int recreate_swapchain (Init& init, RenderData& data) {
  vkDeviceWaitIdle (init.device.device);

  vkDestroyCommandPool (init.device.device, data.command_pool, nullptr);

  for (auto framebuffer : data.framebuffers) {
    vkDestroyFramebuffer (init.device.device, framebuffer, nullptr);
  }
    
  init.swapchain.destroy_image_views (data.swapchain_image_views);
  
    if (0 != create_swapchain (init)) return -1;
  if (0 != create_framebuffers (init, data)) return -1;
  if (0 != create_command_pool (init, data)) return -1;
  if (0 != create_command_buffers (init, data)) return -1;
  return 0;
}

int draw_frame (Init& init, RenderData& data) {
  vkWaitForFences (init.device.device, 1, &data.in_flight_fences[data.current_frame], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);

  uint32_t image_index = 0;
  VkResult result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR (init.device.device,
      init.swapchain.swapchain,
      UINT64_MAX,
      data.available_semaphores[data.current_frame],
      VK_NULL_HANDLE,
      &image_index);

  if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
    return recreate_swapchain (init, data);
  } else if (result != VK_SUCCESS && result != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
    std::cout << "failed to acquire swapchain image. Error " << result << "\n";
    return -1;
  }

  if (data.image_in_flight[image_index] != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
    vkWaitForFences (init.device.device, 1, &data.image_in_flight[image_index], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
  }
  data.image_in_flight[image_index] = data.in_flight_fences[data.current_frame];

  VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
  submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;

  VkSemaphore wait_semaphores[] = { data.available_semaphores[data.current_frame] };
  VkPipelineStageFlags wait_stages[] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT };
  submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
  submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = wait_semaphores;
  submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = wait_stages;

  submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
  submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &data.command_buffers[image_index];

  VkSemaphore signal_semaphores[] = { data.finished_semaphore[data.current_frame] };
  submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
  submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = signal_semaphores;

  vkResetFences (init.device.device, 1, &data.in_flight_fences[data.current_frame]);

  if (vkQueueSubmit (data.graphics_queue, 1, &submitInfo, data.in_flight_fences[data.current_frame]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
    std::cout << "failed to submit draw command buffer\n";
    return -1; //"failed to submit draw command buffer
  }

  VkPresentInfoKHR present_info = {};
  present_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;

  present_info.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
  present_info.pWaitSemaphores = signal_semaphores;

  VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = { init.swapchain.swapchain };
  present_info.swapchainCount = 1;
  present_info.pSwapchains = swapChains;

  present_info.pImageIndices = &image_index;

  result = vkQueuePresentKHR (data.present_queue, &present_info);
  if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
    return recreate_swapchain (init, data);
  } else if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
    std::cout << "failed to present swapchain image\n";
    return -1;
  }

  data.current_frame = (data.current_frame + 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
  return 0;
}

void cleanup (Init& init, RenderData& data) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
    vkDestroySemaphore (init.device.device, data.finished_semaphore[i], nullptr);
    vkDestroySemaphore (init.device.device, data.available_semaphores[i], nullptr);
    vkDestroyFence (init.device.device, data.in_flight_fences[i], nullptr);
  }

  vkDestroyCommandPool (init.device.device, data.command_pool, nullptr);

  for (auto framebuffer : data.framebuffers) {
    vkDestroyFramebuffer (init.device.device, framebuffer, nullptr);
  }

  vkDestroyPipeline (init.device.device, data.graphics_pipeline, nullptr);
  vkDestroyPipelineLayout (init.device.device, data.pipeline_layout, nullptr);
  vkDestroyRenderPass (init.device.device, data.render_pass, nullptr);

  init.swapchain.destroy_image_views (data.swapchain_image_views);

  vkb::destroy_swapchain (init.swapchain);
  vkb::destroy_device (init.device);
  vkDestroySurfaceKHR (init.instance.instance, init.surface, nullptr);
  vkb::destroy_instance (init.instance);
  destroy_window_glfw (init.window);
}

int main () {
  Init init;
  RenderData render_data;

  if (0 != device_initialization (init)) return -1;
  if (0 != create_swapchain (init)) return -1;
  if (0 != get_queues (init, render_data)) return -1;
  if (0 != create_render_pass (init, render_data)) return -1;
  if (0 != create_graphics_pipeline (init, render_data)) return -1;
  if (0 != create_framebuffers (init, render_data)) return -1;
  if (0 != create_command_pool (init, render_data)) return -1;
  if (0 != create_command_buffers (init, render_data)) return -1;
  if (0 != create_sync_objects (init, render_data)) return -1;

  while (!glfwWindowShouldClose (init.window)) {
    glfwPollEvents ();
    int res = draw_frame (init, render_data);
    if (res != 0) {
      std::cout << "failed to draw frame \n";
      return -1;
    }
  }
  vkDeviceWaitIdle (init.device.device);

  cleanup (init, render_data);
  return 0;
}