https://codesandbox.io/s/xenodochial-noether-9c07hw?file=%2Fsrc%2Findex.js%3A0-2718

rotate.js

function* unroll(matrix) {
  const height = matrix.length;
  const width = matrix[0].length;
  for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
    for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
      yield { y, x };
    }
  }
}

function print(matrix) {
  const height = matrix.length;

  console.log();
  for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
    console.log(matrix[y].map((v) => (v ? v : "-")).join(" "));
  }
  console.log();
}

function mirror(matrix, { y, x } = {}) {
  const height = matrix.length;
  const width = matrix[0].length;

  const mirrorPoint = {
    y: height - 1 - y,
    x: width - 1 - x
  };

  return mirrorPoint;
}

//
// 1 2 3
// 4 5 6
// 7 8 9
//
// becomes:
//
// 7 4 1
// 8 5 2
// 9 6 3
//
// therefore:
//
// 0, 0 => 0, 2 (+ 0, + 2)
// 0, 1 => 1, 2 (+ 1, + 1)
// 0, 2 => 2, 2 (+ 2,   0)
// 1, 0 => 0, 1 (- 1, + 1)
// 1, 1 => 1, 1 (  0,   0)
// 1, 2 => 2, 1 (+ 1, - 1)
// 2, 0 => 0, 0 (- 2,   0)
// 2, 1 => 1, 0 (- 1, - 1)
// 2, 2 => 2, 0 (  0, - 2)

function rotate(matrix, { y, x } = {}) {
  const height = matrix.length;
  // const width = matrix[0].length;

  const rotatedPoint = {
    y: x,
    x: height - y - 1
  };

  // console.log({ y, x }, ` => `, rotatedPoint);

  return rotatedPoint;
}

// rotate 180 degrees
function mirrorImage(matrix) {
  const height = matrix.length;
  const width = matrix[0].length;

  const newMatrix = Array(height)
    .fill(() => Array(width).fill(undefined))
    .map((createRow) => createRow());

  const seen = new Set();
  for (const { y, x } of unroll(matrix)) {
    const { y: y2, x: x2 } = mirror(matrix, { y, x });
    if (seen.has(`y:${y}, x:${x}`)) {
      continue;
    }

    [newMatrix[y][x], newMatrix[y2][x2]] = [matrix[y2][x2], matrix[y][x]];
    seen.add(`y:${y2}, x:${x2}`);
  }

  return newMatrix;
}

// rotate 90 degrees
function rotateImage(matrix) {
  const height = matrix.length;
  const width = matrix[0].length;

  const newMatrix = Array(width)
    .fill(() => Array(height).fill(undefined))
    .map((createRow) => createRow());

  for (const { y, x } of unroll(matrix)) {
    const { y: y2, x: x2 } = rotate(matrix, { y, x });

    newMatrix[y2][x2] = matrix[y][x];
  }

  return newMatrix;
}

const matrix = [
  [1, 2, 3],
  [4, 5, 6],
  [7, 8, 9]
];

print(matrix);
print(rotateImage(matrix));

const lmao = [
  [100, 200, 300, 400],
  [80, 150, 250, 350],
  [60, 100, 200, 300],
  [30, 50, 80, 240]
];

print(lmao);
print(rotateImage(lmao));

const lopsided = [
  [1, 2, 3, 10, 12],
  [4, 5, 6, 11, 13],
  [7, 8, 9, 15, 17]
];

print(lopsided);
print(rotateImage(lopsided));

// const rotatedLopsided = [
//   [7, 4, 1],
//   [8, 5, 2],
//   [9, 6, 3],
//   [15, 11, 10],
//   [17, 13, 12]
// ];

// console.log(rotate(matrix, { y: 0, x: 0 }));